Sisters in Law (60 page)

substantive comparability, 239

Sullivan and Cromwell, New York, New York, 156–57

Sundowner, Oncale v.
, 221, 222

Supreme Court.
See
U.S. Supreme Court

Suzman, Helen, 233

Svirdoff, Michael, 63

Sweden's feminist movement, 21–22, 26

Taylor, Billy, 92

Taylor, Sidney, 164–65, 168

Taylor v. Louisiana
, 90, 92–93

Tennessee, 216

Term of the Woman, Supreme Court, 87–90, 102–3

Thomas, Clarence, 190,
197
, 256

Thompson, John, 280–82

Time
magazine, 108

Title IX, 247, 265

Title VII.
See
Civil Rights Act (1964)

Tocqueville, Alexis de, xvi

Toobin, Jeffrey, 257, 266

Totenberg, Nina, 41, 66, 113

Tribe, Laurence, 108

Troll, F. Robert, Jr., 165–66

T-shirts for Ruth and Sandra, xxii, 208

undue-burden standard for state laws on abortion, 153–54, 194–96, 251–52

United States legal system, 36–37, 42, 93

United States v. Virginia

   
and
Hogan
precedent, 232, 237

   
and landscape of sex discrimination, 233–34

   
lower court rulings, 238–39

   
rationalization for sex discrimination, 234–35, 238

   
results of, 243–44

   
Supreme Court ruling and opinion, xi–xiii, 239–43

   
trial, 235

   
VMI male-oriented rituals, 235–36

   
VMI preemptive action, 237

   
VMI resistance to race desegregation, 236–37

University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, Illinois, 25

University of Texas, Fisher v.
, 285–87

University of Texas Southwestern Hospital v. Nassar
, 284–85

U.S. military

   
attempt to force an abortion, 61–62, 188

   
and dependence of male vs. female spouse, 69–77

   
fear about integration of, 52, 55

   
male soldier suing for unfair promotion opportunity for women, 89–90, 227

U.S. Supreme Court,
197

   
overview, 246

   
and affirmative action, 170–72, 286–87

   
days for decision and decision day, xi, xii–xiii

   
decision day, xii–xiii

   
and dissents read out loud, 274, 291–92

   
dissents read out loud in, 291–92

   
and equality of women, 282–83, 295–97

   
justices voting at conference, 230

   
lawyers presenting before, 72, 111

   
O'Connor's anticipated effect, 134–35

   
political election betting pool, 181–82

   
on pregnancy discrimination, 82

   
raising the standard for sex discrimination cases, 107

   
reviewing requests for case review, 95–97, 138–39, 158, 191–92

   
and sexual harassment, 163–68, 172–73

   
“split in the Circuit” cases, 158

   
swing votes, 9, 90–91, 279

   
Term of the Woman, 87–93

   
and “The Year of Our Lord” on lawyers' certificates of admission, 213

   
See also
strict-scrutiny vs. rational basis standard of review;
specific cases

U.S. Supreme Court clerks

   
Berzon, Marsha, 87–88, 99

   
Blackmun's, 228

   
Bush v. Gore
effect on, 259

   
Clark, Penny, 88–90, 91, 98–99, 102–3, 105, 144

   
Ginsburg's, 210, 211–12, 213, 273

   
O'Connor's, 174–75, 187, 222–23

   
pool procedure for reviewing case review requests, 95–97, 138–39, 158

   
resistance to women as, 21, 37

   
status attributed to, 12

   
Stone, Geoffrey, 44, 75

   
Term of the Woman, 87–93, 98–99

   
See also
specific clerks

Utah law on child support for boys vs. girls, 105

Vance v. Ball State
, 284

Vietnam, children resulting from Americans in, 248–49, 262–64

Vinson, Mechelle, 164–65, 168

Vinson, Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v.
, 164–68, 216

Virginia, 43–44, 136, 144–45

Virginia Military Institute, xi–xii, 234–36.
See also
United States v. Virginia

volunteerism of O'Connor, xx

Wald, Pat, 160–61

Warren, Earl, 41

Washington Post
, 113

Weber, Brian, 170

Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
, 186–90

Wechsler, Herbert, 15–16, 52

Weddington, Sarah, 80, 112–13

Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld

   
celebration party, 103

   
as discrimination against women who contributed to Social Security and then died, 98–99, 100–101

   
facts of the case, 94–95

   
fallout from, 103–4

   
Ginsburg's expectations, 99

   
O'Connor's use of in
Hogan v. Mississippi
, 143

   
ruling, 101–3, 227

   
and Supreme Court pool procedure, 96–97

   
trial, 99–100

Weitzman, Lenore, 28

welfare law discrimination, 111–12

Westcott, Califano v.
, 111–12

wet T-shirt (bathing suit) contest at King & Spalding, 157–58, 162

White, Byron, 42, 76,
197
, 205

White House special assistant for women, 126–27

widows vs. widowers, deferential treatment for, 85–87, 97, 103–4.
See also
Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld

Wiesenfeld, Jason, 100, 103, 213, 244–45

Wiesenfeld, Paula, 99

Wiesenfeld, Stephen, 94–95, 100, 103, 274. See also
Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld

Wiley, John, 141

Wilkey, Ada Mae, 3

Williamsburg, Virginia, 136

“Will London Bridge? or Women's Lib?” (American Bar Association mock arbitration), 51

women's equality

   
overview, 238

   
and abortion rights, 185, 187–88

   
Ginsburg on, 269–70

   
“injury to women” and “legitimate state interest” standards, 89

   
Mill's essay on, 243

   
and O'Connor, 230–31

   
Supreme Court rolling back the progress, 274–76, 279–83, 284–88, 292–95, 299

   
See
Ginsburg's strategy for building women's equality; sex discrimination

women's movement.
See
feminist movement

women's rights

   
ACLU policy, 55–56

   
Civil Rights Act's applicability to partnerships, 157, 158–60, 161

   
Ginsburg awakening to issues, 11, 25–29

   
harm from protective institutions, 143

   
health insurance and birth control case, 292–95

   
O'Connor as newly-graduated lawyer, xiv, xix, 13–14, 18–19

   
protective legislation for women vs., 28, 37–38, 47, 52–53, 86

   
test for gender-based classification, 142

   
See also
ACLU Women's Rights Project

Woodmont Country Club, Rockville, Maryland, 138

Wulf, Mel, xxi, 34–35

Year of the Woman, 199–200

Young Republicans, 19, 181

LINDA HIRSHMAN
, a lawyer and a cultural historian, is the author of
Victory: The Triumphant Gay Rights Revolution
and many other books. She received her JD from the University of Chicago Law School and her PhD in philosophy from the University of Illinois at Chicago, and she taught philosophy and women's studies at Brandeis University. Her writing has appeared in the
New York Times
, the
Washington Post
,
Slate
,
Politico
,
Newsweek
, the
Daily Beast
, and
Salon
.

Discover great authors, exclusive offers, and more at
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Victory: The Triumphant Gay Revolution

Get to Work: A Manifesto for Women of the World

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Hard Bargains: The Politics of Sex

SISTERS IN LAW.
Copyright © 2015 by Linda Hirshman. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the nonexclusive, nontransferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse-engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.

FIRST EDITION

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Hirshman, Linda R. author.

Sisters in law : how Sandra Day O'Connor and Ruth Bader Ginsburg went to the Supreme Court and changed the world / Linda Hirshman. —
FIRST EDITION
.

pages cm

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-06-223846-7

EPub Edition September 2015 ISBN 9780062238481

1. O'Connor, Sandra Day, 1930—Biography. 2. Ginsburg, Ruth Bader. 3. Women judges—United States—Biography. 4. Judges—United States—Biography. 5. United States. Supreme Court. I. Title.

KF8744.H57 2015

347.73'2634—dc23

2015002577

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RRD
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