Soldaten: On Fighting, Killing, and Dying (76 page)

     
switch from outrage to cheerfulness in

National Archives (Washington, D.C.)

National Socialism,
see
Nazism, Nazis

National Socialist Leading Officers

navy, British,
8.1
,
8.2

navy, German,
2.1
,
9.1
,
9.2
,
9.3
,
app.1

     death with honor in,
8.1
,
8.2

     faith in victory and,
7.1
,
7.2
,
7.3

     Luftwaffe compared with,
3.1
,
3.2
,
6.1

     medals and,
2.1
,
2.2
,
3.1
,
9.1
,
9.2
,
9.3

     military values in,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3

     
ships sunk by

     
Special Commando 40 of

     technology and,
6.1
,
6.2
,
6.3
,
8.1

     
see also
U-boats

navy, Japanese

Navy, U.S.

Nazism, Nazis,
1.1
,
2.1
,
3.1
,
9.1

     
alteration of normative standards and

     
anti-Semitism vs.

     army of,
see
Waffen SS

     
contradictory responses to

     
depoliticization of soldiers and

     
in election of 1936

     
elites and

     
faith in victory and

     
foreign policy “triumphs” of

     
founding of

     
global domination of

     
Hitler distinguished from

     ideology and,
8.1
,
8.2

     
military and

     
respectability and

     as short-term phenomena,
1.1
,
2.1

     
social integration and

     
see also
Third Reich

Neher, Georg

Neitzel, Sönke (author)

Neuffer, Georg,
3.1
,
4.1

newspapers,
2.1
,
2.2
,
3.1
,
7.1
,
7.2

New York, N.Y.

Nikolajev

9th Infantry Division, U.S.

Nitsch, Staff Sergeant

Niwiem (German POW)

Noor-Eldeen, Namir

normality,
1.1
,
2.1

Normandy,
4.1
,
6.1
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3
,
8.4
,
9.1
,
9.2
,
11.1

     Allied landings in,
3.1
,
6.1
,
6.2
,
7.1
,
7.2
,
7.3
,
8.1
,
8.2

     Germans captured in,
3.1
,
6.1
,
7.1
,
8.1

     Waffen SS in,
9.1
,
9.2
,
9.3
,
9.4

North Atlantic

North Sea

Norway, Norwegians,
3.1
,
3.2
,
5.1
,
7.1
,
9.1
,
9.2
,
9.3

Norwich

Nuremberg
, MS

Nuremberg War Crimes Trials,
3.1
,
9.1

obedience,
2.1
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3
,
9.1
,
9.2

objective conditions

Ocker, Lieutenant Colonel

Oder River

Odessa

Oehlmann, Lieutenant

“111”,
see
Heinkel He 111

1.GD (Mountain Division), German

158th Reserve Division, German

Operation Barbarossa

Oradour, massacre of

Orel

Organisation Todt,
9.1
,
9.2

orientation,
1.1
,
1.2
,
10.1

     military and,
2.1
,
2.2
,
11.1

     
social duties and

Orsogna

Ouistreham,
7.1
,
8.1
,
8.2

“Our Zugführer” Division

outrage

     
about sexual behavior

Overmans, Rüdiger

Palmer, Bruce

Panzergrenadierregiment 29

parachutes, parachuting,
3.1
,
3.2
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3
,
9.1

paradigms, interpretive,
1.1
,
1.2
,
10.1

“parallel societies”

Paris,
5.1
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3

partisans

     enemy as,
3.1
,
3.2
,
3.3
,
4.1
,
9.1
,
11.1
,
11.2
,
11.3
,
11.4

     execution of,
4.1
,
10.1

     
female soldiers compared with

     
Holocaust and

     
sex and

passenger ships,
3.1
,
3.2
,
3.3

path dependencies,
2.1
,
4.1
,
7.1
,
11.1

Paul, Gerhard

Paulus, Friedrich

Penguin
, MS,
3.1
,
4.1

perceived expectations

perception,
1.1
,
2.1
,
7.1
,
7.2
,
7.3
,
10.1
,
11.1
,
12.1

     
awards and

     
dispositions and

     interpretation of,
1.1
,
1.2
,
1.3
,
1.4

     military values and,
8.1
,
8.2

     
miracle weapons and

     
roles and

     
shifting baselines and

     
specific filters of

     
success and

     temporally specific contexts of,
1.1
,
10.1

     
of violence

     
Waffen SS and

personality of high military quality, defined

Personal Record Sheets

Pervitin

Petri

petrol,
4.1
,
4.2
,
9.1

Pfeiffer, Artillery General

Pflughaupt, Untersturmführer

Pfuhlstein, Alexander von

photographing,
4.1
,
4.2

Pillau

pilots,
1.1
,
3.1

     enemy, ejected from planes,
3.1
,
3.2

     
execution of

     fighter,
3.1
,
3.2
,
3.3
,
3.4
,
7.1
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
12.1

Plaszów concentration camp

plundering,
3.1
,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
11.1

Pohl, Lieutenant,
3.1
,
3.2

     autotelic violence and,
3.1
,
3.2
,
3.3
,
3.4

Poland, Poles,
1.1
,
2.1
,
3.1
,
3.2
,
3.3
,
3.4
,
3.5
,
6.1
,
7.1
,
8.1
,
9.1
,
9.2

     
concentration camps in

     
General Gouvernement of

     
Gestapo in

     mass execution of Jews in,
3.1
,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
4.4
,
8.1

     mass executions in,
3.1
,
4.1

     
in POW camps

     
respectability and

     
rumors about

     
Russian advance in

     Waffen SS in,
9.1
,
9.2
,
9.3
,
9.4
,
9.5

Pölert, Lieutenant

police,
1.1
,
1.2
,
2.1
,
3.1
,
3.2
,
3.3
,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
4.4

     
French

     
SA as

     
as voluntary killers

political soldier, ideal of

politics,
3.1
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
9.1

     
faith in victory and

Popitz, Heinrich

Poppe, General

Poropoditz

Port Victoria

Posen

Posen speech (Himmler),
3.1
,
4.1
,
4.2

post-traumatic stress disorder

Pour le Mérite

POW camps,
4.1
,
4.2

     American,
see
American POW camps
;
Fort Hunt

     British,
see
British POW camps
;
Trent Park

     German,
3.1
,
4.1
,
11.1

     
typhus in

     war crimes in,
3.1
,
3.2
,
3.3

power,
4.1
,
5.1

POWs (prisoners of war)

     
death vs. living as

     humane treatment of,
3.1
,
3.2

     murder of,
3.1
,
3.2
,
3.3
,
3.4
,
3.5
,
3.6

     
number of

     
war crimes against

     in World War I,
3.1
,
11.1

     
see also
specific people and ethnic groups

Poznan,
4.1
,
8.1

prejudices,
4.1
,
8.1

Prelberg, Wilfried

pride,
2.1
,
8.1
,
9.1
,
9.2
,
12.1

     national,
2.1
,
7.1

Priebe, Lieutenant

Prien, Günther

Princeton University

profit, personal

promotions

propaganda,
2.1
,
2.2
,
2.3
,
7.1
,
7.2
,
11.1

     military and,
2.1
,
2.2
,
2.3
,
2.4
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
9.1
,
12.1

     miracle weapons and,
6.1
,
6.2
,
6.3

     Waffen SS and,
9.1
,
9.2

Propaganda Ministry, Nazi

prostitution,
5.1
,
5.2

Prussia,
2.1
,
2.2
,
8.1

prussic acid

Przyklenk, Josef

psychological deterrence

psychology, psychologists,
1.1
,
1.2
,
1.3
,
7.1

     
“blaming the victim” studied in

     
delegation and

     faith in victory and,
7.1
,
7.2
,
7.3

     fears and,
4.1
,
4.2

     
Führer figure and

     ideology and,
8.1
,
8.2

     Third Reich and,
1.1
,
2.1

     
V weapons and

     
work and

     
see also
social psychology, social psychologists

punishment

     
corporal

     
sex and

qualifications for work,
1.1
,
1.2

Queisser (German POW)

Quick, Ernst

Quittnat, Heinz,
6.1
,
7.1

racism,
1.1
,
2.1
,
2.2
,
3.1
,
3.2
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3
,
8.4
,
9.1
,
12.1

     
see also
anti-Semitism

radar,
6.1
,
6.2
,
8.1

radio,
1.1
,
1.2
,
3.1
,
7.1
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3
,
9.1
,
9.2
,
9.3

     
in “Collateral Murder”

     
medals awarded by

Radom,
4.1
,
5.1

Raeder, Erich,
8.1
,
8.2

Ramcke, Bernhard,
9.1
,
9.2

Ramcke (German POW),
4.1
,
4.2

ramming missions,
8.1
,
8.2

rape,
1.1
,
1.2
,
3.1
,
3.2
,
3.3
,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
5.1
,
5.2
,
5.3
,
8.1
,
11.1

     
of Jewish women

     
in Poland

     
Red Army and

     
respectability and

Rass, Christoph

rational choice theory

Raus, Erhard

reality,
1.1
,
2.1
,
6.1
,
7.1
,
7.2
,
7.3

     fantasies and,
4.1
,
4.2

     
“parallel societies” and

receiving orders, as bearing a burden

Red Army,
1.1
,
3.1
,
4.1
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
9.1
,
9.2

     
in advance on Berlin

     
executions in

     German views of,
3.1
,
8.1
,
12.1

     
rape and

     tactics of,
3.1
,
3.2

     
unwillingness to surrender of

Reemtsma, Jan Philipp

Reese, Willy Peter,
5.1
,
11.1
,
12.1
,
12.2

Regensburg
, MS

Reich, Das

Reichenau, Walther von

Reichheld (SS man)

Reich Labor Service

“Reichsführer SS” Division

Reichstag, Hitler’s speech in

Reichswehr,
2.1
,
3.1

Reimann, Hans,
3.1
,
4.1
,
4.2
,
7.1
,
8.1
,
9.1

Reimbold, Franz,
4.1
,
4.2
,
5.1

Reiter, Major General

Reitsch, Hanna

Remer, Otto-Ernst,
9.1
,
12.1

Renner, First Sergeant

reservoir story

respectability

responsibilities,
3.1
,
7.1
,
7.2
,
7.3
,
12.1

     
delegated

     military values and,
8.1
,
8.2

     
of occupying force

     
roles and

     work and,
1.1
,
12.1

retribution,
3.1
,
3.2
,
4.1
,
4.2
,
8.1
,
9.1

     
weapons of

Reulecke, Jürgen

revenge,
3.1
,
3.2
,
3.3
,
3.4
,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
6.1
,
11.1

Rhineland

Rhine River, Allies’ crossing of

rifles

Riga,
3.1
,
3.2
,
4.1
,
5.1

Robert Espagne region

Rohrbach, Helmuth

role models,
1.1
,
2.1
,
10.1

roles,
1.1
,
3.1

Romania, Romanians,
3.1
,
8.1

Rommel, Erwin,
7.1
,
7.2
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
9.1

Rosenberg, Alfred

Rösler, Major

Rothkirch Edwin Graf von,
4.1
,
4.2
,
8.1

Röthling (SS man),
9.1
,
9.2
,
9.3

Rott, Sergeant,
4.1
,
6.1

Rottenführer, SS

Rotterdam

Rottländer, Lieutenant

routines,
1.1
,
1.2
,
1.3
,
2.1