Taste of War: World War II and the Battle for Food (102 page)

pre-war food economy 13, 19, 22, 27–8, 86, 269, 347, 353–59

post-war hunger 467–8, 469, 472, 474, 478, 485, 495

post-war recovery 486–7

rationing in 13, 26, 34, 47, 156, 157, 161, 181–3, 194, 203, 210, 211, 212, 217, 218, 347–8, 359, 367, 368, 376–7, 378, 380–82, 383, 468, 486

rationing in occupied Soviet Union 191, 192, 193

see also
autarky; aerial bombardment; black market; blockade; calorie consumption; forced labour; Hunger Plan; General Plan for the East; National Socialists; U-boats

Gestapo 30, 208, 209, 360

global food economy/trade 2, 8, 16, 19, 21, 22, 26, 27, 28, 64, 66, 89, 460, 485

Goebbels, Joseph 204, 209, 217, 347, 355, 376, 377, 378

Göring, Hermann 32, 33, 34, 43, 44, 155, 210, 347, 353, 368

and the Hunger Plan 35, 36, 38, 180, 182, 183, 187, 189, 190, 192, 193, 204, 216

and exploitation of occupied territories 156, 165, 171, 179, 211–13, 217

and extravagant lifestyle 376, 377

Great Britain
see
Britain

Great Depression 16, 27, 52, 53–4, 61, 64, 66, 70, 72, 75, 78, 83, 96, 109, 136, 143, 349, 356, 416, 417, 426, 429, 434

Greece 7, 165–8, 172, 404, 443, 469, 477, 487

green revolution 3, 489, 501

Gross, C. P. 111, 116, 474

Guadalcanal 275, 291–3, 294, 295, 303, 454, 461

gulags 7, 220, 317, 332, 470, 555n

Henan province 11, 255, 257

Heydrich, Reinhard 41, 42

Himmler, Heinrich 30, 40, 41, 47, 160, 371–2

Hirohito, Emperor 314, 316

Hiroshima 275, 311, 316, 468

Hitler, Adolf 2, 28, 32, 33, 37, 43, 44, 66, 80, 103, 106, 140, 158, 172, 173, 197, 270, 322, 353, 355, 370, 378

and belief in importance of food supply 29, 30, 36, 38, 155

and Britain 104, 110, 463

and Holocaust 184, 204, 205, 209

and Hunger Plan 18, 30, 5, 36, 38, 42, 189, 196, 210–11, 216

and Soviet Union 32, 34, 180, 182, 183, 463

attempted assassination of 463

attitude towards agricultural reform 29, 34, 40

diet 377

in First World War 25–6

hoarding foodstuffs 4, 11, 131, 245, 252, 253, 356, 486

Holland
see
Netherlands

Holocaust 7, 33, 41, 204–13

see also
Jews

Hoover, Herbert 77, 167, 480

Hungary 22, 42, 69, 173, 217, 342, 481

hunger 138, 192, 195, 218, 222, 318, 327, 331, 343, 344, 360, 380, 382, 467, 480, 482, 484, 485, 487, 495, 497, 500, 514n

among prisoners 6, 161, 193–4, 206, 371, 372–3

among soldiers 202, 292, 296, 297, 300, 302, 318, 323, 340, 341, 411, 442, 462

and absence from work 306

and First World War 24–5, 358, 380

British never threatened with 103, 115, 464

caused by lack of fat 13

death from 1, 6–7, 11, 62, 124, 168, 176, 191, 193, 198, 199, 207, 214, 318, 327, 328, 331, 335, 360, 468

exportation of 7, 37, 39, 52, 69, 124, 126, 153, 156, 165, 171, 179, 211, 247, 363, 471

fear of danger to war effort 26, 345, 382

impact on productivity 333, 371

in British colonies 11–12, 123, 124, 127, 135, 136, 151, 156

in China 255, 256

in Japanese empire 230, 244, 299

pre-war 20, 72, 221, 224, 325, 357–8, 388, 416

survival and fighting despite 214, 216, 270, 345, 346, 462, 464

hunger oedema 6, 207, 407, 468

Hunger Plan 5, 32–9, 41, 46, 180, 182, 190–99, 204, 216, 317, 555n

Hunger Winter
see
famine

‘Hump’ air route 252

Iceland 101, 117, 396

diet 351, 394

fishing industry 96–7

imperial army
see
Japanese armed forces

Imphal, battle of 274, 300, 302

income/wage levels 18, 122, 485

farm 28, 75, 78, 89, 233, 234, 426, 427, 483, 491

fixed 123, 148

gap between rich and poor 393, 417, 494

low 350, 362, 428

percentage spent on food 53, 144, 171, 357, 469, 494

rising 3, 143, 394, 474, 494, 498

India 2, 3, 4, 18, 20, 67, 103, 121, 131, 141, 246, 274, 300, 301, 413, 437, 439, 476, 495, 500

food crisis 1, 12, 141–54, 262, 263, 412, 469

independence 145, 153–4, 488

rationing in 144, 150

war production in 122

Indian Army 85, 120, 129, 149–50, 151, 152, 301, 385, 403

food rations 412–14

Indo-China 63, 251, 252, 285

export of food to Japan 230, 237, 240, 243

famine in 240–42

Indonesia 2, 3, 500

see also
Dutch East Indies

industrial labour

productivity 88, 181, 203, 205, 207, 268, 306, 332, 333, 356, 369, 379, 395, 422, 424, 434, 483

rations for 92, 329–30, 335, 340, 359, 363, 364, 367–9, 422

industrialization 3, 21, 22, 33, 56, 353, 490, 501

infant mortality 7, 54, 70, 131, 135, 166, 311, 397, 477, 481

insecticides 81–2, 133, 491, 492

Iraq 126, 127, 132, 152, 404

Italy 16, 27, 63, 105, 126, 172, 270, 323, 381, 405, 437, 440, 442

campaign for self-sufficiency 172–3

desire for empire 16–17, 31

Ethiopia invasion of 31

export food to Germany 69, 173, 404

rationing in 173–4, 469, 477, 481

Iwo Jima, battle of 315

Japan 2, 62, 142, 150, 270, 439, 443, 444, 489

agricultural policy 57, 58, 233

agriculture 51, 72, 73, 230–34, 310, 312

and China 7, 8, 11, 31–2, 49–50, 50–51, 54–5, 58–62

and Palau Islands 457–8

and United States 2, 50, 62–3, 248, 252, 253, 257, 310, 314–16, 431, 474, 474–5

attempts to reform diet 277–8, 384

barter economy 306

casualties 317

conformism 57–8, 281, 463, 464

conscription 228, 289

decision to go to war 273

dependence on imports 52, 228, 234

diet 87, 228–9, 274, 276, 497–8

difficulty with agricultural restructuring 229, 232, 262

expansionism 49–50, 58, 63, 64, 69, 141, 230, 262

feeding urban population 2, 49, 234, 266, 287

feels disadvantaged by global economy 2, 16, 54, 55, 64

fishing industry in 229

food crisis 230, 235, 313

food policy 280–81, 304–5, 308, 310, 420

food shortages 234, 272, 278–9, 281, 284, 287–9, 304–5, 306, 310–11, 312, 343, 467