Taste of War: World War II and the Battle for Food (104 page)

stocks 97, 99, 106, 118, 125, 128

switch to wheat-based diets 2–4, 13, 16, 18–19, 21, 176, 262

tinned/canned 77, 96, 113, 178, 282, 340, 341, 365, 377, 387, 404, 405, 407, 419, 441, 444, 447, 449–50, 455, 457, 460, 472, 480, 496

Meyer, Konrad 40, 46, 47

Middle East Supply Centre (MESC) 123, 126–32, 153

migration 22, 31, 40, 42, 50, 58–9, 61, 135, 459

millet 3, 53, 61, 130, 135, 136, 145, 149, 197, 277, 310, 334, 497, 498

Ministry of Agriculture

British 89, 90, 91, 98, 351

Japanese 58, 59

United States 77, 357

Ministry of Food

British 93, 95, 97, 100, 105, 107, 109, 110, 113, 115, 118, 125, 347, 348, 352, 353, 361, 363, 365, 366, 375, 376, 387, 390, 391, 392, 393, 396, 397, 472, 473

German 40, 182, 193, 368, 379, 380

morale 4, 195, 261, 264, 345, 348, 358, 389, 417, 463, 464

civilian 5, 8, 25, 96, 183, 211, 361, 367, 379, 382, 449, 472

military 295, 319, 384, 385, 399, 400, 411, 436

Morocco 92, 113, 126, 440

Moscow 9, 39, 112, 182, 183, 202, 224, 226, 272, 318, 320, 321, 326, 327, 329, 335, 337, 338, 344, 471

Mussolini, Benito 31, 172, 173

mutton 14, 19, 97–8, 99, 118, 157, 351, 413, 414, 440, 446, 450, 533n

Nagasaki 275, 316

Nanjing 50, 62, 250

National Socialists (NSDAP: National socialistische deutsch Arbeiterpartei) 42, 49, 64, 156, 172, 216, 218, 270, 298, 353, 463, 472

agricultural policy 28, 29–31, 32, 33, 40, 69, 158, 160, 162, 347, 374–5, 486

and Holocaust 189, 204–5, 209

anxiety about food crisis 35–6, 164, 180–82, 210, 269

attitude to Soviet prisoners of war 193, 263, 345

belief in the importance of the wartime food supply 4, 5, 16, 26, 29, 32, 34, 155, 348

corruption within 376–8

foods 354–5

opposition to 382

policy of extermination by starvation 5, 7, 36–7, 39, 41–2, 161, 263–4, 370

policy of plunder 164, 165, 173, 174, 178–9, 203, 204, 217, 247, 485

preparation for war 353–4, 355–8

racial ideology 29, 30, 160–61, 263, 353

radicalization 7, 26, 32, 40, 183

rationing policy 359, 361

response to manpower shortage 371–4

Netherlands 34, 46, 62, 248, 358

food exports to Germany 165, 175

food situation 7, 152, 175–6

New Deal 72, 82, 426, 427

New Guinea 121, 274, 439, 443, 459, 460

food situation for Allied soldiers on 402–3, 406–11, 437, 447, 450–51

food situation for Japanese soldiers on 14, 290, 293–98, 303, 451

New Zealand 8, 19, 98–99, 111, 118, 120, 121, 289, 443, 444, 453, 459

Nigeria 19, 120, 121, 122, 124, 139–41

North Africa 92, 133, 437, 439

military campaign 111, 125, 126, 127, 129, 145, 167, 381, 443

rations in 68, 385, 403–5, 415, 440–41

see also
Operation Torch

Norway 34, 35, 164, 493

nutrition, science of 10, 269, 276, 351, 369–70, 385

nutritional dystrophy 6

nutritionists 347, 351, 394, 484

and fortification of foods 86, 421

and productivity studies 268, 386

and worried about food shortages 139, 181, 182, 203

and Recommended Daily Allowances 421

campaign to improve diet 348, 350–54, 414, 481–2, 484

influence eating habits 281, 420

influence on government policies 10, 269, 385, 386–9, 391–7, 420–22, 427–8

invent substitute foods 305, 310, 337

oats/oatmeal 107, 213, 366, 405, 410, 471, 540n

occupied territories
see under individual countries

oilseeds 4, 19, 29, 69, 70, 99, 118, 156

Okinawa, battle of 315

onions 18, 176, 239, 306, 323, 366, 405, 412, 427, 435, 473

cultivation 390–91

dehydrated 14, 84, 411, 441, 451

shortages 64, 106, 107, 362, 309, 392

oranges 165, 290, 305, 366, 394, 403, 437

glut 67–8

juice 108, 396

non-autarkic fruits 28, 353

shortages 67, 106

Orr, John Boyd 102, 352, 387, 398, 482, 483, 489, 501

Palau Islands 452, 457–9

Palestine 67, 92, 126, 129, 130, 404

palm oil 4, 67, 139–40

partisans

Greek 168

Soviet 45, 46, 159, 189, 192, 200, 205, 216, 555n

Pearl Harbor 64, 80, 248, 280, 430

Philippines, the 4, 230, 235, 243, 299, 303, 452, 461, 462

ploughing-up campaign 73, 89, 90, 91–2, 95

Poland 7, 34, 42, 47, 66, 103, 133, 158, 160, 173, 181, 194, 359, 372, 380, 480, 481

food supplies in 5, 211, 212, 217

implementation of the General Plan for the East in 17, 40, 42–6

Holocaust in 7, 26, 183–4, 204–9, 263–5

pork 12, 85, 96, 99, 185, 276, 281, 334, 337, 340, 375, 413, 431, 440, 450, 490, 492

consumption 19, 51, 157, 573n

shortages 158, 288, 356, 369, 450, 478, 217

production 85, 93, 98, 157–8, 161, 163, 175, 225, 391

Port Moresby 293, 294, 295, 406, 447, 450, 451

potatoes 12, 28, 83, 102, 163, 196, 197, 202, 213, 226, 277, 297, 316, 319, 323, 339, 360, 364, 366, 367, 378, 380, 389, 393, 399, 412, 464, 473, 475

basis of diet 13, 14, 70, 94, 96, 106, 224, 225, 310, 337, 347, 348, 363, 379, 380, 386, 392, 470, 472, 501

competition with pigs for 157–8

consumption 157, 197, 334, 341, 373, 377, 400, 415, 420, 435, 436, 437, 438, 471

cultivation 9, 29, 89, 90, 93, 95–6, 108, 160, 174, 232, 251, 290, 334, 337, 340, 341, 369, 391, 404, 540n

dehydrated 84, 137, 322, 441, 450, 451, 493

exports for Germany 175, 186, 211, 213, 217

nutritional value 14, 90, 193, 391

prices 115, 338, 356

rationing 157, 217, 363, 472

rotten/frozen 54, 55, 225, 308, 320, 323, 470

shortages 25, 158, 170, 202, 203, 224, 327, 379, 381, 382, 431, 468

substitute for bread 93, 337

sweet 124, 232, 246, 280, 305, 308, 403

protectionism 21, 22, 27, 28, 58, 141, 143, 489

prisoners of war 7, 133, 163, 164, 245, 294, 296, 324, 415, 441, 444, 470, 514n, 566n

as agricultural workers 79–80, 84, 95, 133, 156, 160, 170, 231

as food 298, 300

death rates 193

food allocations for 79–80, 194, 245, 299, 373–4, 393

of Japanese 7, 297–8, 299, 314, 462

starvation of Soviet 5, 26, 191, 193–4, 199, 264, 324, 462

Rabaul 285, 286, 290, 291, 292, 293

ration packs