Taste of War: World War II and the Battle for Food (106 page)

sub-Saharan Africa 3, 489, 500

substitute foods 287, 304–5, 308, 310, 327, 330–31, 337–8, 379, 420

sugar 4, 18, 19, 20, 21, 29, 52, 53, 60, 67, 68, 69, 90, 109, 113, 115, 118, 122, 128, 174, 175, 195, 211, 217, 228–9, 239, 281, 286, 288, 330, 333, 334, 335, 339, 341, 351, 364, 377, 391, 392, 404, 422, 431, 451, 457, 470

consumption 20, 21, 495

rations 361, 362, 367, 407, 412, 419, 424, 439, 440, 442, 447, 451

shortages 13, 170, 202, 225, 246, 287, 321, 327, 328, 382, 386, 389

Switzerland 219

Szczebrzeszyn 43, 44, 206, 208, 209, 211, 212

Taiwan
see
Formosa

taste 14, 284, 292, 360, 428, 441, 454, 460

acquisition of new 3, 404, 418, 495, 496, 497

attempts to improve ration 401, 410

difference between American and Australian 446, 450

lack of 13, 85, 101, 392, 440

importance of fat for 13, 22, 157

pleasant 237, 343, 374, 396, 475

sugary 174

standardization of 277, 428, 438, 495

unpleasant 100, 197, 245, 297, 305, 307, 327, 392, 396

tea 18, 19, 20, 31, 52, 67, 69, 115, 128, 131, 133, 177, 281, 283, 302, 310, 322, 325, 333, 334, 339, 351, 361, 364, 365, 369, 374, 377, 388, 400, 403, 404, 407, 410, 412, 414, 436, 447, 470, 496

Thailand
see
Siam

Thomas, General Georg 36, 38

Tonga 453, 459

total war 8, 9, 50, 54, 70, 72, 249, 268, 270, 346, 352, 377

Townsville (Australia) 14, 448

Treaty of Non-Aggression 1939 34, 35, 42, 69

Tripartite Pact 63

Truman, President Harry 316, 478, 479, 480

Turkey 26, 130

Tydings Amendment 79

U-boats 8, 26, 66, 68, 69, 101, 102, 104, 105, 107, 117, 126, 366

Allied losses caused by 103, 110

construction 104, 110

Ukraine 5, 40, 190, 191, 212, 218, 222, 226, 259, 382, 471

collectivization in 221

as source of food for Germany 37, 178, 180, 182, 183, 184, 187, 188, 196, 210, 214, 216, 217, 263

German occupation policy 159, 187, 191, 223

unconditional surrender 311, 312, 314

underdeveloped countries 71, 141, 233, 262, 489

unemployment 29, 54, 56, 78, 98, 172, 349, 352, 353, 394, 416, 417, 477

United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) 151, 477, 478, 479, 481, 484, 485

United States 68, 69, 74, 92, 110, 126, 248, 262, 279, 326

abundance of food in 75–6, 87, 88, 118, 272, 416, 460

agriculture in 8, 11, 19, 22, 68, 72, 75–88, 95, 100, 112, 158, 220, 265, 266, 420, 427, 476, 479, 411, 493

agricultural policy 76, 77, 480–84, 489

and Africa 133, 141

and Australia 121, 443, 444, 446–50, 488–9, 492–3, 496

and Britain 24, 97, 101, 113–14, 139, 141, 167, 262, 396, 488

and China 248

and Germany 2, 16, 21, 24, 30, 34, 104, 164

and Japan 2, 8, 49, 50, 62, 63–4, 141, 253, 273, 275, 280, 300, 314–16, 497

and Latin America 68

and Pacific Islands 121, 452–60

and Soviet Union 334

advance in food technologies 10, 92, 388, 492–3

as an economic power 64, 75, 88, 117, 261, 415, 419, 461, 474–5

autarky 31, 262

blacks in 11, 424–6

casualties 317

conscription 417

dissatisfaction with rationing 431–3, 478, 479

fertilizer industry 81, 92, 232, 489

food policy 10, 77, 118, 419–20, 428

growth in prosperity 417, 429

internment of Japanese-Americans 80, 84

laissez-faire policy 11, 419–20, 428

idea of consumption as a key to prosperity 270, 433

importance of meat 112, 431–2

industrial workers in 417, 422–4, 429

influence of food industry in 421–2, 424

malnutrition in 417, 427

meat diversion scheme 98, 110, 111, 114, 116, 125, 449

motivation for fighting 416, 429–31, 433–4, 463

pre-war food economy 417, 426–7

problem/fear of surpluses 27, 75, 76, 427, 477

rationing in 11, 109, 114, 116, 118, 418–22, 424, 430–31, 432, 439, 478

school lunch programme 427–8

unemployment in 416, 417

victory gardens 418

wartime improvement in diet 417–18

see also
black market; calorie consumption

United States armed forces 98, 407

casualties 315

bases in Pacific Islands 453

best fed 118, 415, 434–5, 436, 437, 452, 460

food rations 140, 281, 282, 415, 416, 434–7, 439–42, 446, 448, 449, 451, 462

length of service tail 271

motivation for fighting 460–61

new attitude to nutrition 10, 435, 436–8, 442–3

troop welfare policy 435–6, 438–9

size 415

United States Department of Agriculture 76, 78, 421, 431, 476, 477, 478, 479, 484

US War Food Administration 77n, 88, 422, 477

urbanization 3, 21, 235

vegetable oils 3, 4, 87, 156, 217, 256, 493

vegetables 69, 77, 133, 167, 169, 173, 175, 198, 209, 239, 276, 280, 286, 288, 321, 340, 359, 413, 419, 444, 486, 490, 493

availability/shortages 106, 203, 226, 232, 245, 262, 280, 289, 290, 296, 334, 338, 339, 366, 367, 378, 379, 380–81, 382, 394, 448, 449, 461, 479, 480

consumption 20, 61, 79, 149, 174, 176, 256, 269, 276, 281, 307, 342, 344, 347, 351, 355, 373, 390–91, 394–5, 404, 405, 407, 408, 410, 412, 413, 418, 423, 428, 436–8, 441, 474, 495, 497

difference in American and Australian taste in 450–51

growing 9, 79, 80, 83–4, 85, 93, 137–8, 161, 163, 284, 290, 306, 335, 341, 390–91, 405, 433, 444–6

matter 298, 302

preparation 402, 409

preserving 407–8

Versailles, Treaty of 16, 25, 26

vitamins 195, 275, 369, 240, 402, 409, 422

attempts to address deficiency 225, 245, 277, 337, 389, 394, 396, 408–9, 413, 418, 436

deficiency 13, 172, 176, 240, 245, 275, 290, 292, 311, 327, 339, 344, 350, 351–2, 363, 385, 394, 404, 405, 407, 411, 412, 413, 442, 460, 492, 500

discovery of 268–9

education about importance of 391–2, 405, 421

fortified food 389, 411, 421, 494

in wheat 20, 388

rich foods 14, 20, 156, 280, 323

Volksgemeinschaft
31, 353, 354, 355, 376

Wannsee Conference 205

Warsaw ghetto 5, 206–7, 209, 212, 263, 264

war industries 8, 9, 66, 76, 88, 109, 122, 155, 158, 231, 286, 306, 310, 325, 328, 363, 368, 417, 425–6

weight 499

gain 246, 397, 411, 412–13, 436

loss 5, 9, 25, 182, 203, 245, 304, 311, 335, 344, 368, 407, 442, 468, 472