The Arrogance of Power (125 page)

Cambodia:
(bombing) Kissinger,
White House Years,
op. cit., p. 242–; Shawcross, op. cit., p.26–; Hersh,
Price of Power,
op. cit., p. 54–; “Secret Bombing of Cambodia,” Congressional Quarterly
, Historical Documents 1973
Washington, D.C., 1974, p. 729–; (impeachment issue) Hersh,
Price of Power,
op. cit., p. 62fn.; Kissinger,
White House Years,
op. cit., p. 249; Bundy, op. cit., p. 471; (RN public lies) transcript RN speeches,
NYT,
May 15, 1969, May 1, 1970, int. John Rothmann.

Spy plane:
(incident) Kissinger,
White House Years,
op. cit., pp. 247, 313–; Hersh,
Price of Power,
op. cit., p. 69–;
MEM,
p. 384; (“strong action”)
HD,
p. 50; (“sweet-ass”) Bryant with Leighton, op. cit., p. 253; (“I'll turn Right”)
WP,
Dec. 27, 1998, citing RN/Kissinger call, April 1971.

Calley:
(My Lai event)
TW72,
p. 58, Chicago
Sun
-
Times,
Nov. 13, 1969, [Seymour Hersh piece]
NYT,
May 11, 1998, obit. Ronald Ridenhour, June 5, 1998, obit. Col. Oran Henderson; Mollenhoff, op. cit., p. 74–; David Obst,
Too Good to Be Forgotten,
New York: John Wiley, 1998, p. 161; Sheehan, op. cit., p. 689; (“abhorent”) RN press statement, Nov. 26, 1969, cited in Daniels letter,
WP,
Apr. 7, 1971, and see RN press conference in ed. Helen Thomas,
The Nixon Presidential Press Conferences,
New York: Earl Coleman, 1978, re: RN comments Dec. 8, 1969, p. 70; (spy order) Hersh,
Price of Power,
op. cit., p. 135; (“rotten Jews”) ibid., citing
Alexander Butterfield; (confinement conditions) Sheehan, op. cit., p. 689; Obst, op. cit., p. 172; (life story/Hymm) ibid.; (Daniel Letter)
WP,
Apr. 7, 1971; int. Aubrey Daniel.

Phoenix program:
(budget meeting) Hersh,
Price of Power,
op. cit., p. 135; (Phoenix) ibid., p. 80; Prados,
President's Secret Wars,
op. cit., p. 309; Sheehan, op. cit., p. 732.

Sihanouk assassination plan:
Hersh,
Price of Power,
op. cit., p. 178–.

“Highest level”:
e.g., Summers,
The File on the Tsar,
New York: Harper & Row, 1976, p. 92, citing U.S. Ambassador Nelson Page reference to Italian royal family.

Nixon efforts against Allende:
(Kendall) Hersh,
Price of Power,
op. cit., pp. 260, 273, the Kendall associate was Augustin Edwards, Chilean newspaper owner and focal point of opposition to Allende; (Kendall/Council) Louis and Yazijian, op. cit., p. 172; (Helms to act) U.S. Senate,
Assassination Plots,
op. cit., p. 227–; (“talking into a gale”) int. Richard Helms in ed. Weber, op. cit., p. 275; (“furious”) William Colby and Peter Forbath,
Honorable Men,
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1978, p. 303; (“aberrational”) Cord Meyer,
Facing Reality,
Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1980, p. 184; (What did RN order?) see analysis at Hersh,
Price of Power,
op. cit., p. 274; (Colby “blackmailing”) Scowcroft Memcon of Kissinger/Ford conversation, Mar. 5, 1975, NSC doc. 1781000410307, released in 1997 under JFK Assass. Records Collection Act; (RN “wanted something done”) U.S. Senate,
Assass. Plots,
op. cit., p. 227–; (RN distanced himself) Sen. Cttee. to Study Gov. Ops., Final Report, Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Foreign and Military Intelligence, Bk. IV, p. 162; (“blurred account”)
MEM,
p. 489.

Allende death:
(coup)
NYT, WP,
Sept. 12, 13, 15, 1973; (advance warning)
NYT,
Sept.13, 1973; ('99 release on U.S. reaction)
USA Today,
June 30, July 1, 1999 and see Asst. Sec. of State Jack Kubisch to Kissinger Nov. 16, 1973, in 1998 release to National Security Archive; (“severe repression”)
USA Today,
June 30, 1999; (RN on death)
MEM,
p. 490; (suicide?)
NYT,
Sep. 13, 20,
WP,
Sep. 22, 1973; (Sra. Allende re: “murdered”)
NYT,
Sep. 20, 1973 but see study in Nathaniel Davis,
The Last Years of Salvador Allende,
Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1985, Chap. 11; (U.S. involvement in coup) ibid., p. 350, and Prados,
Secret Wars,
op. cit., p. 320; (Ryan) Davis, op. cit., p. 352; (Ryan report) Ryan to Dept. of Defense, U.S. Milgroup, Situation Report 2, Oct. 1, 1973, released to National Archives, 1998.

Morales:
(background) Fonzi (former staff investigator, Hse. Cttee. on Assass.), op. cit., refs.; Noel Twyman,
Bloody Treason,
Rancho Santa Fe, CA: Laurel, 1997, refs; (“hit man”) Fonzi, op. cit., p. 380; (Morales confided) ints. Robert Dorff and Dorff letter to author, Oct. 27, 1997—Dorff had interviewed Morales's lifelong friend Ruben Carbajal.

Phillips:
(and Morales) Fonzi, p. 382; (and anti-Allende project) Phillips, op. cit., pp. 219–, 246–; (Head Western Hemisphere) ibid., p. 234–; (testimony doubted) Summers,
Not in Your Lifetime,
op. cit., p. 280; Fonzi, op. cit., pp. 336, 410; int. Gaeton Fonzi; (disinformation) Summers,
Not in Your Lifetime,
op. cit., pp. 371, 374, 381, 385; (Track II closed down) Phillips, op. cit., p. 223; (letter to Sra. Allende) excerpts from transcripts of 1981 int. sent to author by Mike Ewing, 1997; (RN “never cause to consider”) page 190.

“Won't be the first P to lose”:
HD,
p. 90.

Vietnam effort:
(frustrated)
MEM,
p. 393, Kissinger,
White House Years,
op. cit., p. 277; (deliberate leak)
MEM,
p. 400; (“bad guys”)
HD,
pp. 105, 110.

RN and protest:
(Oct./Nov.'69 demonstrations)
MEM,
p. 398;
HD,
p. 98; (“Don't get rattled”)
MEM,
p. 403; (“aloof”) ibid., p. 401; (major address) ibid., p. 404–; (“The line we took”) int. William Watts; (“talk softly”)
MEM,
p. 410; (speech) ibid., p. 409; (switchboard swamped)
MEM,
p. 410,
HD,
p. 104; (telegrams)
MEM,
p. 410; Kissinger,
White House Years,
op. cit., p. 307; (Butterfield) int. Alexander Butterfield;
WP,
Jan. 23, 1999 reporting Butterfield testimony in Nixon estate dispute; (Phillip)
HD,
p. 105; (“you heard a lot”) Ehrlichman TV int. cited in ed. Howard K. Smith,
Every Four Years,
Kent, OH: PTV Publications, 1980, p. 59; (“liberal bastards”) Magruder, op. cit., p. 53; (new demonstration—Nov. 13, '69)
HD,
p. 107–; (soldiers concealed) Gulley, op. cit., p. 198; Hersh,
Price of Power,
op. cit., p. 130fn; (Mitchell) Breslin, op. cit., p. 6–; (“like St. Petersburg”) int. William Watts; (RN ordered analysis) Andrew, op. cit., p. 354; (RN & candles)
HD,
p. 107–; (“Of all choices”) Kissinger,
White House Years,
op. cit., p. 227; (V'nam casualties) Tucker, op. cit., p. 1193.

Music box:
Medved, op. cit., p. 317 and see
HD,
p. 21.

“You talk . . . police state”:
Wise,
Police State,
op. cit., p. 31.

Kraft:
(Kraft bugging) Wise,
Police State,
op. cit., p. 3—most complete account; (Allende) ibid., p. 23 John Caulfield testimony, E, Bk. 21, p. 9699–; (investigated member Dem. Cttee.) Wise,
Police State,
op. cit., p. 13; int. A. J. Woolston-Smith; (advance knowledge of burglars' activity) int. A. J. Woolston-Smith; (bogus card) John Caulfield testimony, E, Bk. 21, p. 9692–, but see notes of int. John Davies, Aug. 3, 1973, Box B342, E, NA.

Caulfield:
(background)
NM,
p. 13; (at RN's request)
WP,
May 19, 1973, citing bio. Caulfield used as job application; (hired)
NM,
p. 13; Caulfield testimony, E, Bk.21, p. 9687–; (“top man”) Wise,
Police State,
op. cit., p. 14.

“no climate of fear”:
Theodore White notes of RN int., Jan. 23, 1969, Box 40, Theodore White Papers, JFKL,
TW68,
p. 504.

Tapping of journalists:
(episode chronicled) Wise,
Police State,
op. cit., p. 31–; Szulc, op. cit., p. 181–; R, Report, p. 146, “Nixon on National Security Wiretaps,” Historic Documents of 1976,
Congressional Quarterly,
1977, p. 159; (“We were in Key Biscayne”) Haldeman with DiMona, op. cit., p. 101; (“enraged”)
Newsweek,
May 28, 1973; (RN on Kraft)
MEM,
p. 389; (“never helped us”) RN to Dean, Feb. 28, 1973, WHT and see re: “helped” Wise,
Police State,
op. cit., p. 73; (RN & Kissinger try to dodge) Szulc, op. cit., p. 182; Hersh,
Price of Power,
op. cit., p. 96; (“Henry ordered”) RN to Ronald Ziegler, May 14, 1973, on WHT,
AOP,
p. 491; (“approved by President”) int. Alexander Haig by David Wise, transcript provided to author, and author's int. Alexander Haig; (“highest authority”) int. William Sullivan by Robert Fink, provided to author; (“only to President”) memo May 12, 1973, FBI 67-205182; (“cloak-and-dagger”) Haldeman with DiMona, op. cit., p. 103; (RN “100%”) ibid., p. 101; (“I was paranoiac”) transcript of RN int. on
60 Minutes,
Vol. XVI, 30, Apr. 8, 1984, p. 6—the int. was conducted by Frank Gannon, a Nixon staffer after the presidency; (warning) Summers,
Official
&
Confidential,
op. cit., p. 398–;
NYT,
July 21, 1973; John Dean testimony, E, Bk. 3, p. 920–; Robert Mardian testimony, E, Bk. 6, p. 2393; (“Will he rat”) WHT, RN to Ehrlichman, Oct. 25, 1971, WHT; (Ehrlichman/Sullivan job) Edward Epstein,
Agency of Fear,
London: Verso, 1990, p. 219; (impeachment) R, Report, p. 3; (agents lurked/photos)
WP,
Sep. 30, 1974; Miller,
Fishbait,
op. cit., pp. 3, 290; (Finch suspected) int. Robert Finch by FB, FBP; (Albertazzie) ter Horst and Albertazzie, op. cit., p. 270.

events of summer 1970:
(general) summarized at Manchester,
Glory
&
Dream,
op. cit., p. 1211; (“bums”)
NYT,
May 2, 1970;
AMII,
p. 350–; (“When dissent . . .”) Barber, op. cit., p. 437; (knockdown story) J. Edgar Hoover to Clyde Tolson et al., July 24, 1970, Tolson staff file, Vol. 8, FBI 67-9524; (promote re. sniper)
Newsday,
May 4, 1995; (“What are we going to do?”) Shawcross, op. cit., p. 154.

Plan to combat threat:
(summary and detail) U.S. Sen. Cttee to Study Gov. Ops with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Final Report, Bk. III, p. 934—the RN aide was Tom Huston; (“Gestapo”)
WP,
June 1, 1973; (“With presidential authority”) Sen. Cttee. on Gov. Ops.,
supra.,
p. 955; (RN/Frost exchange) Frost, op. cit., p. 183–; (Mitchell) John Mitchell int. by Stanley Kutler, transcript supplied to author.

taping system:
(Butterfield) int. Alexander Butterfield,
Journal of American History,
Vol. 75, Mar. 1989, p. 1252; (“How does it work”) WHT, Feb. 16, 1971, reported by AP, Oct. 5, 1999; (‘62 request) int. specialist cited
supra.
, p. 227; (removal of LBJ equipment) int. Donald Kendall, int. Robert Finch in eds. Miller Center, op. cit., p. 266;
Newsweek,
May 2, 1994; (preoccupied with record)
Prologue,
Vol. 20, summer, 1988, p. 80–; (Blake on Disraeli) ints. Elliot Richardson, in eds. Miller Center, p. 68, and with Stanley Kutler, transcript provided to author; (“You assume”) Alexander Butterfield testimony, July 2, 1974, R, Hearings, Bk. I, p. 31–, and int. Butterfield cited in
New York,
Apr. 21, 1975; (“He seemed to me”) ibid., citing Butterfield E testimony; (note takers)
Prologue,
Vol. 20, Summer, 1988, p. 81–; (Walters) ibid., p. 82; Walters, op. cit., p. 575; (LBJ changes mind) AP, July 2,1975,
JA,
p. 496; (Kissinger steal thunder) Ehrlichman, op. cit., p. 283; int. John Ehrlichman in eds. Strober,
Nixon
, op. cit., p. 124 and in eds. Miller Center, op. cit., p. 141; (“Great consternation”)
HD,
p. 57; (location of devices) “A History of the White House Tapes,” prepared by NP, Mar. 1995, NA, William Doyle, op. cit., p. 168, and see plan in illustrations; (“tell nobody”) int. H. R. “Bob” Haldeman in eds. Strober,
Nixon,
op. cit., p. 381,
Prologue,
Vol. 20, Summer, 1988, p. 86; (not Rose Woods) Haldeman with DiMona, op. cit., p. 196; (Pat & girls not told)
PAT,
p. 307; (“appalled”) UPI, Feb. 20, 1975; (“love letters”) Edmondson and Cohen, op. cit., p. 295; (WH board tapped)
HD,
p. 76; (Secret Service handled) processing manual, Appendix A(7), WHT, NP, NA; Alfred Wong testimony in
O'Brien et al v. McCord et al.,
CA no. 1233-72, p. 861–; (Haldeman on Butterfield) Haldeman with DiMona, op. cit., p. 203–; (4 in know)
Prologue,
Vol. 20, Summer, 1988, p. 86; (Ehrlichman not told) ibid., int. John Ehrlichman in eds. Miller Center, op. cit., p. 141; (Ehrlichman taped) E, Bk. 5, p. 2173, Bk. 7, p. 2828–, Bk. 12, p. 4942; Rather with Herskowitz, op. cit., p. 223; (Kissinger excluded) Kissinger,
Years of Upheaval,
op. cit., p.110; (K. staff made notes) int. William Watts; (“We're going to look fools”) John Ehrlichman citing Kissinger in
Parade,
Feb. 5, 1995.

Suspicions of tapes:
(Douglas-Home)
JA,
p. 496; (Haldeman/Kissinger memo) Kissinger,
Years of Upheaval,
op. cit., p. 112; (O'Neill) O'Neill, op. cit., p. 243–; (RN oblivious) RN int. and Alexander Butterfield testimony, cited in
New York,
Apr. 21, 1975, p. 40,
Prologue,
Vol. 20, Summer, 1988, p. 86; (“could see occasions”) Kissinger,
Upheaval,
op. cit., p. 113; (Baker) Bob Woodward,
Shadow,
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999, p. 122, citing ints. Howard Baker;
(dog keeper guessed) Bryant with Leighton, op. cit., p. 258; (“moments when I should”) Colson, op. cit., p. 114; (Dean) Dean, op. cit., pp. 260–, 263, 300–; (Dean/Colson hoped) ibid., p. 332, int. Sam Dash, Colson, op. cit., p. 114; (“You never heard”) May 29, 1974 entry, diary of Rep. Jerome Waldie, supplied to author; (RN claimed “not comfortable”)
MEM,
p. 501; (“room not tapped”) WHT, Mar. 23, 1971, Conv. 051-001, WSPF, NA.