The Autistic Brain: Thinking Across the Spectrum (33 page)

ILF.
See
inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF)

individual differences

focus on symptoms and,
[>]
–
[>]

“label-locked thinking” and,
[>]
–
[>]

sensory issues and,
[>]

types of thinking and,
[>]

infantile autism diagnosis (Kanner’s syndrome),
[>]

inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF),
[>]
,
[>]

inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF),
[>]
,
[>]

Insel, Thomas,
[>]

intellectual-development disorders
(DSM
category),
[>]

intelligence,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

Internet use,
[>]
.
See also
tablets (computer), advantages of

Irlen, Helen,
[>]

Jackson, Mick,
[>]

Jobs, Steve,
[>]
,
[>]

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,
[>]

Journal of Orthomolecular Psychiatry,
[>]

junk DNA,
[>]
–
[>]

Kanner, Leo,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Kanner’s syndrome (infantile autism),
[>]

Khan Academy,
[>]
–
[>]

Klúver, Heinrich,
[>]

Kozhevnikov, Maria,
[>]
–
[>]

“label-locked thinking,”
[>]
–
[>]

being “on the spectrum” and,
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–
[>]

DSM definitions of autism and,
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–
[>]

individual differences and,
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–
[>]

negative effects of,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

value of labels and,
[>]

Lancet
(journal),
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Lane, Alison,
[>]
–
[>]

Langdell, Tim,
[>]

language disorders.
See also
communication deficits; nonverbal autistic patients; speech disorders

autism and,
[>]
,
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music and,
[>]
–
[>]

types of,
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–
[>]

language-input problems,
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–
[>]

language-output problems,
[>]

Lemke, Leslie,
[>]

Lewis, Randy,
[>]
,
[>]

Livio, Mario,
[>]

local bias,
[>]

“The Long-Range Interaction Landscape of Gene Promoters” (
Nature
article),
[>]

long-term memory,
[>]
–
[>]

Lord, Catherine,
[>]

McKean, Thomas,
[>]

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
.
See also
diffusion tensor imaging (DTI); functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); neuroimaging

Maguire, Eleanor,
[>]

manners,
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–
[>]

Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary,
[>]
–
[>]

maternal obesity,
[>]

mathematics

algebra
vs.
geometry thinking in,
[>]
–
[>]
,
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–
[>]

pattern thinking and,
[>]
,
[>]
,
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–
[>]
,
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–
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,
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–
[>]

“meaning blindness,”
[>]

Meares, Olive,
[>]

Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California, Davis,
[>]
–
[>]

medical treatment, and labels,
[>]
–
[>]

medication.
See
drugs

memory.
See also
short-term memory; visual memory

associative thinking and,
[>]
–
[>]

brain structures and,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

Mendel, Gregor,
[>]

mental retardation, and autism,
[>]
–
[>]

mentors, value of,
[>]

Miller, Sara R. S.,
[>]

mind, theory of,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

mismatch field (MMF) studies,
[>]

mitochondrial disease,
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–
[>]

MMF studies.
See
mismatch field (MMF) studies

Monger, Christopher,
[>]

Mottron, Laurent,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

movement sensitivity,
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,
[>]
.
See also
biological motion

music,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

music therapy,
[>]
–
[>]

Myers, Jennifer McIlwee,
[>]

Nature
(journal),
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

Nelson, Stanley,
[>]

neurexin protein,
[>]
,
[>]

neuroimaging.
See also
autism, neuroanatomy of

interpretation and,
[>]
–
[>]

limitations of,
[>]
,
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–
[>]

object
vs.
spatial imagery and,
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–
[>]

research on autistic brain and,
[>]
–
[>]

TG’s brain and,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

types of,
[>]
–
[>]

visual
vs.
spatial imagery and,
[>]
,
[>]

neuroligin protein,
[>]
,
[>]

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
(journal),
[>]

new experiences, value of,
[>]
–
[>]

New Scientist
(journal),
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

New York Times,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

nonverbal autistic patients

diagnostic criteria and,
[>]

intelligence testing and,
[>]

music and,
[>]
–
[>]

responsiveness and,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

self-reports and,
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–
[>]

sensory disorders and,
[>]

strengths and,
[>]

technology and,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

object visualizer,
[>]
–
[>]
.
See also
visual (picture) thinking

object
vs.
spatial imagery,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

obsessions,
[>]
–
[>]

occipital cortex,
[>]
.
See also
visual cortex

O’Hare Airport United terminal,
[>]
,
[>]

Ohio State University,
[>]
–
[>]

olfactory sensitivity,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

one-on-one engagement,
[>]

origami,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

overconnectivity theory,
[>]

overresponsiveness to sensation,
[>]
,
[>]

Padgett, Jason,
[>]

parenting.
See also
genetics of autism

identification of child’s strengths and,
[>]

negative environments and,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

preparation for employment and,
[>]
–
[>]

TG’s mother and,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

parietal cortex,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Park, Jessica (“Jessy”),
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

patternicity,
[>]

pattern thinking.
See also
picture thinking; verbal (word-fact) thinking; visual (picture) thinking

as category,
[>]
–
[>]
,
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–
[>]

chess and,
[>]
–
[>]

education and,
[>]
–
[>]

employment and,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

examples of,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

mathematics and,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

object
vs.
spatial imagery and,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

origami and,
[>]
–
[>]

research and,
[>]
–
[>]

PDD.
See
pervasive developmental disorders (PDD)

pervasive developmental disorders (PDD),
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
.
See also
Asperger syndrome; autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

pervasive developmental disorders not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS),
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

pesticide exposure,
[>]

pharmacological treatment.
See
antidepressants; drugs

phenotype,
[>]

Physical Therapy
(journal),
[>]

picture thinking.
See also
pattern thinking; verbal (word-fact) thinking; visual (picture) thinking

education and,
[>]
–
[>]

employment and,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

plasticity of brain,
[>]
–
[>]

Pollock, Jackson,
[>]

prefrontal cortex,
[>]

psychoanalytic approach to diagnosis,
[>]
–
[>]

public views of autism,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

Pythagorean theorem, 147–
[>]
,
[>]

Rajarshi Mukhopadhyay, Tito,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Raven’s Progressive Matrices,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

reading.
See
visual-processing problems

“Recognition of Faces: An Approach to the Study of Autism” (1978 study),
[>]
–
[>]

“refrigerator mother” concept,
[>]
–
[>]

research

algorithmic approach and,
[>]
–
[>]

on brain plasticity,
[>]
–
[>]

DSM-
[>]
diagnostic criteria and,
[>]

focus on symptoms and,
[>]
–
[>]

HDFT and,
[>]
–
[>]

label-locked thinking and,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

on neuroanatomical biomarkers,
[>]
–
[>]

on sensory problems,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

technology and,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

young subjects and,
[>]
–
[>]

responsiveness, and sensory problems,
[>]
–
[>]

responsiveness gene,
[>]
.
See also
environmental factors

Rett syndrome,
[>]
–
[>]

risperidone (Risperdal),
[>]

Robison, John Elder,
[>]
–
[>]

Rosenhan, David,
[>]

rudeness,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

savants,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

Schaefer, G. Bradley,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]