The Battle of Poitiers 1356 (20 page)

Appendix: Dramatis Personae

1
For biographical collections see George F. Beltz,
Memorials of the Most Noble Order of the Garter
, London, 1841; G. Dupont-Ferrier,
Gallia Regia ou état des officiers royaux des bailliages et des sénéchaussées de 1328 à 1515
, Paris, 1942; R.H. Fritze and William B. Robison, ed.,
Historical Dictionary of Late Medieval England, 1272-1485
, Connecticut and London, 2002; R.A. Griffiths, ed.,
The Principality of Wales in the Later Middle Ages: The Structure and Personnel of Government, i: South Wales, 1277-1536
, Cardiff, 1972; N.H. Nicolas,
The Controversy between Sir Richard Scrope and Sir Robert Grosvenor in the Court of Chivalry
, 2 vols, London, 1832; P.H.W. Booth and A. Carr, ed.,
The Account of Master John de Brunham the Younger, Chamberlain of Chester of the Revenues of the Counties of Chester and Flint 1361-62
, (Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire), 1991; J. Roskell, L. Clarke and C. Rawcliffe, ed.,
History of Parliament, 1386-1421
, 4 vols, Stroud, 1993;
Dictionaire de biographie française
, Paris, 1933;
Dictionary of National Biography
, 63 vols, London, 1885-1900. For further details on the members of the Black Prince’s household and retinue where full references are given see David S. Green, ‘The Household and Military Retinue of Edward the Black Prince’, Unpub. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998; ‘The Military Personnel of Edward the Black Prince’,
Medieval Prosopography
, 21 (2000), 133-52; ‘The Later Retinue of Edward the Black Prince’,
Nottingham Medieval Studies
, xliv (2000), 141-51; ‘Politics and Service with Edward the Black Prince’,
Age of Edward III
, ed. Bothwell, 53-68.

2
Gabriel Loirette, ‘Arnaud-Amanieu, sire d’Albret et ses rapports avec la monarchie française pendant le règne de Charles V (1336-80)’,
Annales du Midi
, xlii (1931), 5-39; Chandos Herald,
Life of the Black Prince
, ed. Pope and Lodge, 237.

3
Knighton’s Chronicle, 1337-96
, ed. G. Martin, Oxford, 1995, 22; see also Adam Murimuth,
Continuatio Chronicarum
, ed. E.M. Thompson, London, 1889, 121; Sumption,
Hundred Years’ War, ii
, 330-8; M. Dupuy,
Le Prince Noir
, Paris, 1970, 298.

4
Chandos Herald,
Life of the Black Prince
, ed. Pope and Lodge, 237; M. Keen,
The Laws of War in the Late Middle Ages
, London, 1965, 84. This included service at the siege of Limoges,
Froissart: Chronicles
, ed. G. Brereton, Harmondsworth, repr. 1978, 176, 219, 227.

5  Dupont-Ferrier,
Gallia Regia
, iv, 527; Beltz,
Memorials
, 182-7; Chandos Herald,
Life of the Black Prince
, ed. Pope and Lodge, 237-8.

6
DBF, iii, 655-8; Dupont-Ferrier,
Gallia Regia
, v, 233.

7
Dupuy,
Prince Noir
, 307; Chandos Herald,
Life of the Black Prince
, 238.

8
Thanks to Michael Jones for providing his notes on James Audley for the forthcoming
DNB
. See also Griffiths,
Principality
, 114, 210, 553; Chandos Herald,
Life of the Black Prince
, ed. Pope and Lodge, 238; Dupont-Ferrier,
Gallia Regia
, iv, 474.

9
DBF
, iv, iv, 458-9.

10
Beltz,
Memorials
, 159-62;
GEC
, ii, 3-6.

11
Knighton’s Chronicle
, ed. Martin, 60-4, 142, 144;
BPR
, iv, 338; Barber,
Edward
, 114; W.M. Ormrod,
The Reign of Edward III. Crown and Political Society in England, 1327-1377
, New Haven and London, 1990, 103.

12
Knighton’s Chronicle
, ed. Martin, 172; Barber,
Edward
, 143, 153, 162.

13
DBF
, viii, 298-9.

14
Barber
Edward
, 162;
DNB
, iv, 43-4.

15
DNB
, x, 43-4; Given-Wilson,
Household and Affinity
, 72; Le Baker,
Chronicon
, 136, 140, 298; Froissart,
Chroniques
, vi, ed. Luce, lxviii, 150;
Chroniques des quatre premiers Valois
(1327-1393), ed. S. Luce (SHF), Paris, 1862, 159, 172; Dupont-Ferrier,
Gallia Regia
, iv, 474. For the battle at Lussac bridge see
Chronique Normande du XIVe siècle
, ed. E. et A. Molinier (SHF), Paris, 1882, 194.

16
Chandos said ‘ ‘Dan Bertran, quant je vous prins en Bretaigne, vous jurastes que vous ne vous armeriez point contr le prince, si le roy de France ou ses freres n’avoient guerre contre le prince ou contre le roy d’Angleterre.’ Lors respondi monseigneur Bertran à monseigneur Jehan de Chandos, present le prince disant: ‘A Dieu le vou, ja dittes vous veoir! Mais monseigneur le prince n’a cy point de guerre; ains s’est armé du parti du roy Petre...’,
Chronique des quatre premiers Valois
, 181.

17
R. Kaeuper and E. Kennedy,
The Book of Chivalry of Geoffroi de Charny: Text, Context and Translation
, Philadelphia, 1996.

18
Booth and Carr,
Account of Master John de Brunham
, 128.

19
DBF
, viii, 1490-1.

20
It is possible that he was the son and heir of another Reginald as suggested by John Wickham Fraser, ‘Notices of the Family of Cobham of Sterborough Castle, Lingfield, Surrey’,
Surrey Archaeological Collections
, ii (1894), 119; Chandos Herald,
Life of the Black Prince
, ed. Pope and Lodge, 243; Barber,
Edward
, 114, 170; Saul,
Death, Art and Memory
, 124-36.

21
E101/28/8; L. Mirot et E. Déprez, ‘Les ambassades anglaises pendant la guerre de cent ans’
Bibliotheque des ecoles des chartes
, lxx (1899), 27, 28, 32; Rymer, III, i, 504.

22
For further details see
VCH
, Oxon, vi, 60, 69, 334-6; Griffiths,
Principality
, 229-30.

23  
BPR
, iv, 133; Denholm-Young,
Country Gentry
, 128.

24
Beltz,
Memorials
, 140-2;
CIPM
, xiv, 214-27, no. 209; Lincoln Archives Office Reg. xii, fo. 163.

25
DNB
, vi, 1173-4; Beltz,
Memorials
, 274-9; Dupuy,
Prince Noir
, 307;
GEC
, v, 292-3 and n. E.

26
DNB
account conflates William II and William III. See also Dupont-Ferrier,
Gallia Regia
, iv, 474; S. Luce,
Histoire de Bertrand Du Guesclin et son époque: La jeunesse de Bertrand
(1320-1364), Paris, 1896, 405-6; Delachenal,
Charles V
, ii, 355 n. 3; Froissart,
Oeuvres
, ed. Lettenhove, xxi, 187.

27  Chandos Herald,
Life of the Black Prince
, ed. Pope and Lodge, 84-7, 158-9.

28
Chronicle of Jean de Venette
, ed. and trans. J. Birdsall and R.A. Newhall, New York, 1953, 138.

29
The Chronicle of Adam Usk, 1377-1421
, ed. C. Given-Wilson, Oxford, 1997, 73 and n. 6, also see ‘Annales Ricardi Secundi et Henrici Quarti’,
Johannis de Trokelowe et Anon Chronica et Annales
, ed. H.T. Riley (Rolls Ser.), London, 1866, 287-8;
Gallia Regia
, iii, 541; iv, 474; v, 289 no. 20079; Chandos Herald,
Life of the Black Prince
, ed., Pope and Lodge, 246.

30
Chandos Herald,
Life of the Black Prince
, ed., Pope and Lodge, 247; Dupont-Ferrier,
Gallia Regia
, iii, 510-11.

31
Beltz,
Memorials
, 28-33; Chandos Herald,
Life of the Black Prince
, ed., Pope and Lodge, 241; Jean le Bel,
Chronique
, ed. J. Viard et E. Déprez, Paris, 1904-5, ii, 260-2; 137-8;
Chronicle of Jean de Venette
, 262-3.

32
Chronicle of Jean de Venette
, 121-2, 134, 295; Delachenal,
Charles V
, iii, 38-60.

33
Griffiths,
Principality
, 119, 122;VCH, Berks; 298, 331; iv, 239;
BPR
, iii; 198-9, 383; iv, 285, 364; CCR, 1369-74; 68; Roskell et al.,
History of Parliament
, iii, 517-19.

34
Beltz,
Memorials
, 65-8.

35
Froissart,
Oeuvres
, ed. Lettenhove, iii, 197.

36
It is uncertain if he fought in the prince’s division at Crécy as suggested by J. Vale,
Edward III and Chivalry: Chivalric Society and its Context, 1270-1350
, Woodbridge, 1982,153.

37
In 1364 he received Garter robes, of which there is a picture in a St Alban’s manuscript, S.M. Newton,
Fashion in the Age of the Black Prince. A Study of the Years 1340-1365
, Woodbridge, 1988, 45.

38
On 24 Oct. 1362 (see 7 May 1360) Edward III appointed Richard Stafford, John Chandos, Stephen Cosington, Nigel Loryng, Richard Totesham, Adam Hoghton and William Felton ‘to crave, receive and retain’ those lands, as required by the treaty of Brétigny,
CCR
, 1360-4, 359. There is a further reference to his appointment as the king’s deputy in France dated 1 July 1362, ibid., 1364-8, 128.