The Battle Over Marriage: Gay Rights Activism Through the Media (32 page)

nl

LC

Moscowitz_BattleoverMarriage_text.indd 151

7/29/13 9:38 AM

152

references

———. (2009, May 12). Crowning issue: Social issue. Dan Harris,
ABC World News with
Charles
Gibson
[Television broadcast]. New York, NY: ABC News.

———. (2009, May 26). Split decision: Marriage ruling. Laura Marquez,
ABC World News
with Charles Gibson
[Television broadcast]. New York, NY: ABC News.

———. (2009, November 1). Gay marriage battle: Battle moves to Maine. Stephanie Sy,
World
News Sunday
[Television broadcast]. New York, NY: ABC News.

Barnhurst, K. G. (2003). Queer political news: Election-year coverage of the lesbian and gay communities on National Public Radio, 1992–2000.
Journalism, 4
(1), 5–28.

Battles, K., & Hilton-Murrow, W. (2002). Gay characters in conventional spaces:
Will and
Grace
and the situation comedy genre.
Critical Studies in Media Communication, 19
(1), 87–106.

Becker, R. (2006).
Gay TV and straight America
. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

———. (2010, August). Guy love: A queer straight masculinity for a post-closet era? Paper presented at the annual Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Chicago, IL.

Bellafante, Gina. (2005, May 8). Even in gay circles, the woman wants the ring.
New York
Times Sunday Styles
(Sec. 9), p. 1.

Belluck, P. (2004a, May 18). Hundreds of same-sex couples wed in Massachusetts.
New
York Times
, pp. A1, A21.

———. (2004b, May 17). Massachusetts arrives at day for gay vows.
New York Times
, pp.

A1, A19.

Belluck, P., & Zezima, K. (2004, May 16). Hearts beat fast to opening strains of the gay-wedding march.
New York Times
, p. A22.

Bennet, L. (2000). Fifty years of prejudice in the media.
Gay and Lesbian Review, 7
(2), 30–35.

Bennett, J. A. (2006). Seriality and multicultural dissent in the same-sex marriage debate.

Communication & Critical/Cultural Studies, 3
(2), 141–161.

Berelson, B. (1971).
Content analysis in communication research
. New York, NY: Hafner.

Berkowitz, D. (2005). Suicide bombers as women warriors: Making news through mythical archetypes.
Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly,
82
(3), 607–622.

Bernstein, M. (1997). Celebration and suppression: The strategic uses of identity by the lesbian and gay movement.
American Journal of Sociology, 103
(3), 531–565.

Blumler, J., & Gurevitch, M. (1995).
The crisis of political communication.
New York, NY: Routledge.

Breslau, K. (2004, May 17). A rising tide, rocking boats: The politics of gay marriage roil Oregon’s electoral terrain.
Newsweek
, 34.

Broder, J. (2004, December 9). Groups debate slower strategy on gay rights.
New York
Times
, p. A1.

Bronstein, C. (2005). Representing the third wave: Mainstream print media framing of a new feminist movement.
Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly,
82
(4), 783–803.

Bucy, E. P., & Grabe, M. E. (2007). Taking television seriously: A sound and image bite analysis of presidential campaign coverage, 1992–2004.
Journal of Communication,
57
(4), 652–675.

s

Calmes, J., & Baker, P. (2012, May 9). Obama says same-sex marriage should be legal.

n

New York Times
online. Retrieved October 10, 2012, from http://www.nytimes.com/

l

2012/05/10/us/politics/obama-says-same-sex-marriage-should-be-legal.html.

LC

Moscowitz_BattleoverMarriage_text.indd 152

7/29/13 9:38 AM

references

153

Carroll, W. K., & Ratner, R. S. (1999). Media strategies and political projects: A comparative study of social movements.
Canadian Journal of Sociology, 24
(1), 1–34.

Ciasul o, A. M. (2001). Making her (in)visible: Cultural representations of lesbianism and the lesbian body in the 1990s.
Feminist Studies, 27
(3), 577–608.

Clark, D. (1995). Commodity lesbianism. In C. K. Creekmur & A. Doty (Eds.),
Out in
culture: Gays, lesbians, and queer essays on popular culture
(pp. 484–500). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Cloud, J. (2009, August 31). Obama’s gay problem.
Time
, 23–25.

Confessore, N., & Barbaro, M. (2011, June 24). New York allows same-sex marriage, becoming the largest state to pass law.
New York Times
online. Retrieved December 11, 2012, from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/25/nyregion/gay-marriage-approved

-by-new-york-senate.html?pagewanted=all.

Coontz, S. (2005).
Marriage, a history
. New York, NY: Viking.

DePasquale, R. (2004, May 17). I do!
Newsweek
web exclusive. Retrieved May 17, 2004, from http://www.newsweek.com.

Doss, D. (Producer). (2008, May 15).
CNN Evening News
[Television broadcast]. Atlanta: CNN.

———. (2008, June 15).
CNN Evening News
[Television broadcast]. Atlanta: CNN.

———. (2008, November 6).
CNN Evening News
[Television broadcast]. Atlanta: CNN.

———. (2009, April 8).
CNN Evening News
[Television broadcast]. Atlanta: CNN.

Dow, B. (2001). Ellen, television, and the politics of gay and lesbian visibility.
Critical
Studies in Mass Communications,
18
(2), 123–140.

Entman, R. M. (1992). Blacks in the news: Television, modern racism, and social change.

Journalism Quarterly, 69
(2), 341–361.

Entman, R. M., & Rojecki, A. (1993). Freezing out the public: Elite and media framing of the U.S. anti-nuclear movement.
Political Communication, 10,
155–173.

Epstein, S. (1996).
Impure science: AIDS, activism and the politics of knowledge.
Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Fair, J. E. (1996). The body politic, the bodies of women, and the politics of famine in U.S. television coverage of famine in the horn of Africa.
Journalism & Communication
Monographs, 158
, 1–41.

Fejes, F. (2000). Making a gay masculinity.
Critical Studies in Media Communication,
17
(1), 113–117.

Ferree, M. M., Gamson, W. A., Gerhards, J., & Rucht, D. (2002).
Shaping abortion discourse:
Democracy and the public sphere in Germany and the United States.
Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

Fortner, R. S., & Christians, C. (2003). Separating the wheat from chaff in qualitative studies. In G. Stempel III, D. Weaver, & C. Wilhoit (Eds.),
Mass communication research
and theory
(pp. 350–361). New York, NY: Allyn & Bacon.

Franke-Ruta, G. (2010, April 12). Huckabee compares same-sex marriage to incest, polygamy.
Washington Post.
Retrieved April 24, 2013, from http://voices.washingtonpost.com/

44/2010/04/huckabee-compares-same-sex-mar.html.

Gamson, Joshua (1995/1998). Must identity movements self-destruct? A queer dilemma.

In P. M. Nardi
& B. E. Schneider (Eds.),
Social perspectives in lesbian and gay studies:
s

A reader
. London, UK: Routledge.

nl

LC

Moscowitz_BattleoverMarriage_text.indd 153

7/29/13 9:38 AM

154

references

Gamson, W. (1998). Discourse, nuclear power, and collective action. In Philip Smith (Ed.),
The new American cultural sociology
(pp. 230–259). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

Gans, H. J. (1979).
Deciding what’s news
. New York, NY: Pantheon.

Geertz, C. (1973). Thick description: Toward an interpretive theory of culture. In Clifford Geertz (Ed.),
The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays
(pp. 3–30). New York, NY: Basic Books.

Gilgoff, D. (2003, August 25). Gays force the issue.
U.S. News & World Report
, 12.

———. (2004, March 8). Tied in knots by gay marriage.
U.S. News & World Report,
28.

Gitlin, T. (1980).
The whole world is watching: Mass media in the making & unmaking of
the New Left
. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Goffman, E. (1974).
Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience.
London, UK: Harper and Row.

Grabe, M. E. (2000). Narratives of guilt: Television news magazine coverage of the O. J.

Simpson criminal trial.
Howard Journal of Communications,
11
(1), 35–48.

———. (2007, May). The liberal bias accusation against journalism: Contradictory evidence from a visual perspective. Paper presented at the International Communication Association, San Francisco, CA.

Grabe, M. E., & Bucy, E. K. (2009).
Image bite politics: News and visual framing of elections.

New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Grabe, M., & Zhou, S. (1999). Sourcing and reporting in news magazine programs:
60

Minutes
versus
Hard Copy
.
Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 76
(2), 293–311.

Graber, D. (1997).
Mass media and American politics.
Washington, DC: CQ Press.

Gross, L. P. (2001).
Up from invisibility: Lesbians, gay men, and the media in America.
New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

Gross, L. P., & Woods, J. D. (1999).
The Columbia reader on lesbians and gay men in media,
society and politics.
New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

Hall, S. (1992). What is this “black” in “black popular culture”? In G. Dent (Ed.),
Black
popular culture
(pp. 21–33). Seattle, WA: Bay Press.

Hartley, J. (1992).
The politics of pictures: The creation of the public in the age of popular
media.
New York, NY: Routledge.

———. (1998). Juvenation: News, girls, and power. In C. Carter, G. Branston, & S. Allan (Eds.),
News, gender, and power
(pp. 47–70). New York, NY: Routledge.

Hewitt, D. (Producer). (2004, March 10). Marry me! Same-sex marriage in controversy in San Francisco. Bob Simon,
60 Minutes II
[Television broadcast]. New York, NY: CBS News.

———. (2004, March 21).
60 Minutes
[Television broadcast]. New York, NY: CBS News.

———. (2004, July 13).
CBS Evening News with Dan Rather
[Television broadcast]. New York, NY: CBS News.

Iyengar, S. (1991). Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Jacobs, F. (2004, August 31). TV’s gay spin zone.
Advocate
, 72.

Jamieson, K. H., & Capella, J. N. (2000). The role of the press in health care reform de-s

bates of 1993–1994. In D. Graber (Ed.),
Media power in politics
(4th ed.) (pp. 327–337).

n

Washington, DC: CQ Press.

l

LC

Moscowitz_BattleoverMarriage_text.indd 154

7/29/13 9:38 AM

references

155

Jefferson, D. (2008, November 24). How getting married made me an activist.
Newsweek,
54.

Jurkowitz, M. (2004, May 19). Gay marriage story drew headlines worldwide.
Boston
Globe
. Retrieved May 19, 2004, from http://bostonglobe.com.

Just, M. R., Crigler, A. N., & Buhr, T. (1999). Voice, substance, and cynicism in presidential campaign media.
Political Communication, 16
(1), 25–44.

Kamhawi, R., & Weaver, D. H. (2003). Mass communication research trends from 1980–

1999.
Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 80
(1), 7–27.

Kaplan, R. (Producer). (2008, May 15). California gay marriage ban overturned. John Blackstone,
CBS Evening News with Katie Couric
[Television broadcast]. New York, NY: CBS News.

———. (2008, June 15).
CBS Evening News with Katie Couric
[Television broadcast]. New York, NY: CBS News.

———. (2008, June 17).
CBS Evening News with Katie Couric
[Television broadcast]. New York, NY: CBS News.

———. (2008, October 30).
CBS Evening News with Katie Couric
[Television broadcast].

New York, NY: CBS News.

———. (2009, April 4).
CBS Evening News with Katie Couric.
[Television broadcast]. New York, NY: CBS News.

Kates, S. M. (1999). Making the ad perfectly queer: Marketing “normality” to the gay men’s community?
Journal of Advertising, 28
(1), 25–37.

Keller, J. R., & Stratyner, L. (Eds.). (2006).
The new queer aesthetic of television: Essays on
recent programming.
Jefferson, NC: McFarland.

Kennedy, B. (Producer). (2004, May 16).
ABC World News Tonight
[Television broadcast].

New York, NY: ABC News.

Krippendorff, K. (1980).
Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology
. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

Landau, J. (2009). Straightening out (the politics of) same-sex parenting: Representing gay families in US newspapers and photographs.
Critical Studies in Media Communication, 26
(1), 80–100.

Lester, W. (2004, December 13). Reassessing gay rights strategy.
Courier Journal
, p. A9.

Liebler, C. M., Schwartz, J., & Harper, T. (2009). Queer tales of morality: The press, same-sex marriage, and hegemonic framing.
Journal of Communication, 59
, 653–675.

Lindloff, T. R., & Taylor, B. C. (2002).
Qualitative communication research methods
. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Liptak, A. (2004, November 12). Caution in court for gay rights groups.
New York Times
, p. A16.

Lule, J. (2002). Myth and terror on the editorial page: The
New York Times
responds to September 11, 2001.
Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 79
(2), 275–293.