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Authors: Carl Woodring,James Shapiro

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Page 535
'Now with these teeth that powder stones,
I'll pick at one of her cheek-bones:
When husband, son and daughter come,
They'll soon see who was left at home.'
Innocence lost to survival of the fittest is chronicled in "A Woman's History," in which Mary Price at five years old loses her pet bird and "called her friends to pray to God, / And sing sad hymns for hours"; at fifteen loses her virginity and marries "With no more love-light in her eyes / Than in the glass eyes of her doll"; at thirty-five mourns her dead husband while "neighbors winked to see the tears / Fall on a lover's neck"; and
Now, Mary Price is seventy-five
    And skinning eels alive:
She, active, strong, and full of breath,
    Has caught the cat that stole an eel,
And beaten it to death.
Another Georgian, Edmund Blunden, captures the decay and violence of a world of survival in his naturalistic "Malefactors." The observer in the poem addresses the remains of two predators, a kite and a stoat, nailed to the boards of an old, abandoned mill; he speculates on how they were killed by the miller for their intrusion, and then meditates on Time's "revenge""the wheel at tether, / The miller gone, the white planks rotten, / The very name of the mill forgotten"and on the criminality of a fallen world that links man and beast in their mortality. The observer asks, can "There lurk some crime in man, / In man you executioner, / Whom here Fate's cudgel battered down?" Thus, the Georgians in their tragic renderings of natural and human life imagine a cynicism and harshness about the nature of reality that the suffering and death of the First World War confirmed.
Indeed, the poets who went to war in 1914 were Georgians, and the death of one of the founders of the movement, Rupert Brooke, became the defining tragedy of the literary generation. Brooke became famous before the war for poems like "The Old Vicarage, Grantchester (Cafe des Westens, Berlin, 1912)," which in celebrating the speaker's longing to escape decadent Europe and recover the purity of home, seems to express the very provincialism that the Modernists abhorred in Georgian poetry: "Here I am sweating, sick, and hot, / And there the shadowed waters fresh / Lean to embrace the naked flesh." Yet, there is a
 
Page 536
Byronic tone of self-mockery about the English and their heritage in Brooke's poem that would have been more obvious if it had retained its original title, "The Sentimental Exile." This irony, reinforced by the forced rhyming of couplets, is evident in Brooke's catalogue of his literary ancestors, starting with Byron:
Still in the dawnlit waters cool
His ghostly Lordship swims his pool,
And tries the strokes, essays the tricks,
Long learnt on Hellespont, or Styx.
Dan Chaucer hears his river still
Chatter beneath a phantom mill.
Tennyson notes, with studious eye,
How Cambridge waters hurry by
and in his sardonic treatment of the virtues of village life:
In Grantchester their skins are white;
They bathe by day, they bathe by night;
The women there do all they ought;
The men observe the Rules of Thought.
They love the Good; they worship Truth;
They laugh uproariously in youth;
(And when they get to feeling old,
They up and shoot themselves, I'm told).
But the war took Brooke a long way from Grantchester and turned his mood from playfulness to patriotism; as a result, he is commemorated as a soldier-poet of war sonnets. In the sestet of one of his most famous, "The Soldier," the speaker contemplates death:
And think, this heart, all evil shed away,
    A pulse in the eternal mind, no less
    Gives somewhere back the thoughts by England given;
Her sights and sounds; dreams happy as her day;
    And laughter, learnt of friends; and gentleness,
    In hearts at peace, under an English heaven.
When Brooke died in 1915 of disease on a troopship bound for Gallipoli, Winston Churchill wrote of him in
The Times
: "The thoughts to which he gave expression . . . will be shared by many thousands of young men moving resolutely and blithely forward into this, the hard-
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