The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1158 page)
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Authors: John Bowker
BOOK: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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Jibr
l
(angel in Islam)
:
l(angel in Islam)
:
Jigoku
.
.
Jigme Lingpa
(’Jigs-med gling-pa, Tibetan teacher)
:
(’Jigs-med gling-pa, Tibetan teacher)
:
Jih
d
d(Arab.,
jahada
, ‘he made an effort’). More fully,
jih
d f
sab
l
All
h
, ‘striving in the cause of God’. Jih
d is usually translated as ‘
holy war
’, but this is misleading. Jih
d is divided into two categories, the greater and the lesser: the greater jih
d is the warfare in oneself against any evil or temptation. The lesser jih
d is the defence of Islam, or of a Muslim country or community, against aggression. It may be a jih
d of the pen or of the tongue. If it involves conflict, it is strictly regulated, and can only be defensive.
jahada
, ‘he made an effort’). More fully,
jih
d fsablAll
h, ‘striving in the cause of God’. Jih
d is usually translated as ‘holy war
’, but this is misleading. Jih
d is divided into two categories, the greater and the lesser: the greater jihd is the warfare in oneself against any evil or temptation. The lesser jihd is the defence of Islam, or of a Muslim country or community, against aggression. It may be a jihd of the pen or of the tongue. If it involves conflict, it is strictly regulated, and can only be defensive.Other books
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