The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (2274 page)

(P
li)
or
lavrata-param
r
a
(Skt., ‘cleaving to rules and rites’). According to Buddhism, the mistaken view that adherence to rules and rites is sufficient to bring about holiness and purity. The view is rejected as one of the four kinds of clinging (
up
d
na
) to existence and one of the ten fetters (
sa
yojanas
).

 
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(Arab.,
salsala
, ‘make a chain’). The chain of transmission in
S
f
Islam from the initial blessing (
baraka
) of God, running down in succession to the present
shaykh
. Most silsilahs are traced back to
Mu
ammad
, one (the
Tij
niy(y)a
) claiming to be derived from a direct vision of Mu
ammad to the founder. The Kh
iriy(y)a claim to be founded directly by
Khi
r
. It is an initial obligation on joining an order to learn the silsilah in order to understand how the baraka has been transmitted.