(d. c. 1229 (AH 627)). Persian mystic ( S f ) and poet. He is particularly remembered for Mantiq al- ’ir (The Language of the Birds). ‘A r composed an allegory of the spiritual journey, with all the birds following the Hudhud (Hoopoe) bird. In the end they come to an indivisible union with the King. But he wrote many other, often epic, poems, e.g. Mu batn mah (Book of Affliction), Il h n mah (Divine Book).