The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (795 page)

Five Scrolls
(books of Hebrew scriptures)
:

see
SCROLLS
.

 
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Five species
.

Varieties of cereals or grains which are indigenous to the land of Israel, and are therefore subject to biblical and rabbinic laws governing such produce.

 
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(
pañca paramesthin
, those at the highest stage), the five exemplary modes of being for Jains. Highest are the
tirtha
karas
; next are the
siddhas
, the liberated souls (
j
va
); then the guides on earth (acarya) who lead monks and nuns; then the teachers of monks and nuns (
upadhy
ya
); then monks. They are approached in reverence and homage through
pañca namask
ra
(the five homages), a
mantra
which offers homage to each of the five groups.

 
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Five virtues
(Hindu virtues)
:

see
APARIGRAHA
.

 
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Five virtues
(in Confucianism)
:

see
WU-CH’ANG
.

 
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