The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (796 page)

BOOK: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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Five vows
(Jain)
:
Five ways
(arguments pointing to the existence of God)
:
Five ways of Ch’an/Zen
.
Early classification of five styles of meditation, made by Kuei-feng Tsung-mi (780–841), also known as Tsung-mi. The five styles are:
(i) Bonpu,
zazen
for restricted aims, e.g. improving health or mental relaxation;
(ii) Ged
, meditation sharing Zen aims, but practised outside (e.g. by Hindus or Christians);
(iii) Sh
j
, aimed at emancipation from reappearance (
punabbhava
), and from a
Mah
y
na
point of view, selfish;
(iv) Daij
, ‘great vehicle’ (i.e. Mah
y
na) attainment of enlightenment (
kensho
,
satori
) etc.;
(v) Saij
j
, highest form of Zen, in which the realization of the buddha-nature in all appearance (
bussho
) occurs.

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