The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (912 page)

 
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(Arab.;
hadda
, ‘determine’; often in pl.,
ud
d
). A boundary or limit set by God, in
Qur’
n
of laws laid down, e.g. on fasting (2. 187), divorce (2. 229 f.). It came to mean unalterable punishments, especially stoning or beating for sexual intercourse outside the permitted relationships (
zin
’); beating for false accusations of adultery, or for drinking intoxicants; cutting off of the hand for theft.
Among
S
f
s
,
add (but more often the part.
ma
d
d
) refers to the finiteness of humans in contrast to God.

 
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