The Edward Snowden Affair (53 page)

⁴⁶
   Cf. 6.45

⁴⁷
   CBS News. “Edward Snowden leaves airport after Russia grants asylum, says ‘the law is winning.’”
CBS News
. Aug. 1, 2013.
http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57596493/edward-snowden-leavesairport-after-russia-grants-asylum-says-the-law-is-winning/
.

⁴⁸
   ITAR-TASS News Agency. “Snowden is in ‘safe place’ waiting for his father to discuss future.”
ITAR-TASS News Agency
. Aug. 31, 2013.
http://www.itar-tass.com/en/c32/859415.html
.

⁴⁹
   Alpert, Lukas. “Putin Admits Early Snowden Contact.”
The Wall Street Journal
. Sept. 4, 2013.
http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323623304579054890606102138
.

⁵⁰
   Risen, James. “Snowden Says He Took No Secret Files to Russia.”
The New York Times
. Oct. 17, 2013.
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/18/world/snowden-says-he-took-no-secret-files-to-russia.html
.

⁵¹
   Mackey, Robert. “Excerpts From Snowden’s Letter Requesting Asylum in Ecuador.”
The New York Times
. June 24, 2013.
http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/24/excerpts-from-snowdens-letterrequesting-asylum-in-ecuador/?_r=0
.

⁵²
   Snowden, Edward. Letter from Edward Snowden to the Republic of Nicaragua.
Cdn.nuevaya.com.ni
. June 30, 2013.
http://cdn.nuevaya.com.ni/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Snowden_letter.jpg
.

⁵³
   The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. “Chapter Six: Resettlement Categories.” The
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
. Dec. 16, 2013.
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home/opendocPDFViewer.html?docid=3d464e842&query=threat%20of%20death%20asylum
.

⁵⁴
   Shane, Scott. “Ex-Contractor Is Charged in Leaks on N.S.A. Surveillance.”
The New York Times
. June 21, 2013.
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/22/us/snowden-espionageact.html?pagewanted=all
.

⁵⁵
   The Heritage Foundation. “Punishment of Treason.”
The Heritage Foundation
. Dec. 16, 2013.
http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/3/essays/120/punishment-of-treason
.

⁵⁶
   Cf. 6.54

⁵⁷
   Cf. 6.51

⁵⁸
   Castillo, Mariano. “U.S. will not seek death penalty for Snowden, attorney general says.”
CNN
. July 27, 2013.
http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/26/us/nsa-snowden/
.

⁵⁹
   Holder, Eric. Letter from Eric Holder to Alexander Konovalov.
CBS News
. July 23, 2013.
http://www.cbsnews.com/htdocs/pdf/AttorneyGenral-letter-to-Russian-Justice-Minister.pdf
.

⁶⁰
   Herszenhorn, David. “Leaker Files for Asylum to Remain in Russia.”
The New York Times
. July 16, 2013.
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/17/world/europe/snowden-submits-application-for-asylum-inrussia.html?_r=3&
.

⁶¹
   RT. “Snowden plans to settle and work in Russia – lawyer to RT.”
RT
. July 23, 2013.
http://rt.com/news/snowden-work-russia-lawyer-482/
.

⁶²
   Bercovitch, Sascha. “Maduro: Venezuela Will Offer Snowden Political Asylum.”
Venezuelanalysis.com
. July 5, 2013.
http://venezuelanalysis.com/news/9812
.

⁶³
   Gabbatt, Adam. “US will not seek death penalty for Edward Snowden, Holder tells Russia.”
The Guardian
. July 26, 2013.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/26/us-no-death-penaltyedward-snowden-russia
.

⁶⁴
   Cf. 6.9

⁶⁵
   Cf. 6.42

⁶⁶
   Cf. 6.42

⁶⁷
   Owen, Paul and Adam Gabbatt. “Edward Snowden leaves airport: ‘In the end the law is winning’ – as it happened.”
The Guardian
. Aug. 1, 2013.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/01/edward-snowdenleaves-moscow-airport-live
.

⁶⁸
   Gorst, Isabel and Joby Warrick. “Snowden granted asylum in Russia, leaves Moscow airport.”
The Washington Post
. Aug. 1, 2013.
http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-08-01/world/40934730_1_edwardsnowden-moscow-airport-sheremetyevo-international-airport
.

⁶⁹
   Heritage, Timothy and Steve Holland. “Russia gives Snowden asylum, Obama-Putin summit in doubt.”
Reuters
. Aug. 1, 2013.
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/01/us-usa-security-snowden-russiaidUSBRE9700N120130801
.

⁷⁰
   Alpert, Lukas. “Divisions Widen Among Snowden’s Supporters.”
The Wall Street Journal
. Aug. 15, 2013.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324823804579014611497378326.html
.

⁷¹
   WikiLeaks. Organization’s
Twitter account. Twitter
. Aug. 1, 2013.
https://twitter.com/wikileaks/statuses/362906823411511296
.

⁷²
   WikiLeaks. Organization’s Twitter account & Keyword Search results.
WikiLeaks
. Dec. 16, 2013.
https://twitter.com/search?q=%22snowden%22%20from%3Awikileaks&src=typd
.

⁷³
   Cf. 6.7

⁷⁴
   RT. “Snowden granted 1-year asylum in Russia, leaves airport (PHOTOS).”
RT
. Aug. 1, 2013.
http://rt.com/news/snowden-entrypapers-russia-902/
.

⁷⁵
   Cf. 6.29

⁷⁶
   Cf. 6.7

⁷⁷
   Agence France Presse. “Snowden’s Russian Lawyer: US Leaker Wears Disguises And ‘I Am His Only Link With The Outside World.’”
Business Insider
. Sept. 23, 2013.
http://www.businessinsider.com/snowdensrussian-lawyer-he-wears-disguises-2013-9
.

C
HAPTER
7

¹
     Snowden, Edward. “Statement by Edward Snowden to human rights groups at Moscow’s Sheremetyevo airport.”
WikiLeaks
. July 12, 2013.
http://wikileaks.org/Statement-by-Edward-Snowden-to.html
.

²
     Baker, Peter. “Obama May Cancel Moscow Trip as Tensions Build Over Leaker.”
The New York Times
. July 18, 2013.
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/19/world/europe/moscow-trip-for-obama-may-be-off-as-snowden-tensions-build.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
.

³
     The White House. “Press Briefing by Press Secretary Jay Carney, 8/1/2013.”
The White House of the United States
. Aug. 1, 2013.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/08/01/press-briefing-press-secretary-jay-carney-812013
.

⁴
     Blake, Aaron. “Senators demand repercussions for Russia.”
The Washington Post
. Aug. 1, 2013.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/08/01/senators-demand-repercussions-for-russia/
.

⁵
     Herszenhorn, David and Michael Gordon. “U.S. Cancels Part of Missile Defense That Russia Opposed.”
The New York Times
. Mar. 16, 2013.
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/world/europe/with-eye-on-north-korea-us-cancels-missile-defense-russia-opposed.html
.

⁶
     Cf. 7.2

⁷
     Cf. 7.4

⁸
     CNN. “Security worries trigger embassy closings.”
CNN
. Aug. 1, 2013.
http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2013/08/01/security-worries-trigger-embassy-closings/
.

⁹
     Starr, Barbara, et al. “Intercepted al Qaeda message led to shuttering embassies, consulates.”
CNN
. Aug. 4, 2013.
http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/04/politics/us-embassies-close/index.html?hpt=hp_t1
.

¹⁰
   Cf. 7.9

¹¹
   Bergen, Peter and Bailey Cahall. “What’s behind timing of terror threat.”
CNN
. Aug. 13, 2013.
http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/02/opinion/bergen-terror-embassy/index.html?hpt=hp_t1
.

¹²
   Sturcke, James. “Nine killed as US consulate in Jeddah attacked.”
The Guardian
. Dec. 6, 2004.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/dec/06/saudiarabia.usa
.

¹³
   Quinnipiac University. “Release Detail: August 1, 2013 - Snowden Is Whistle-Blower, Not Traitor, U.S. Voters Tell Quinnipiac University National Poll.”
Quinnipiac University
. Aug. 1, 2013.
http://www.quinnipiac.edu/institutes-and-centers/polling-institute/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=1930
.

¹⁴
   Swanson, Emily. “NSA Leaks Poll Finds Americans Divided Over Edward Snowden’s Actions.”
The Huffington Post
. June 13, 2013.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/13/nsa-leaks-poll_n_3430506.html
.

¹⁵
   Calderone, Michael. “McClatchy Editor Defends Publishing Al Qaeda Detail CNN, NY Times Held Back.”
The Huffington Post
. Aug. 6, 2013.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-calderone/mcclatchy-editor-defends-al-qaeda-intercept_b_3713226.html
.

¹⁶
   Watkins, Ali, et al. “U.S. extends embassy closings; warnings renew debate over NSA data collection.”
McClatchyDC
. Aug. 4, 2013.
http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2013/08/04/198521/embassy-closings-travel-warning.html
.

¹⁷
   Starr, Barbara. “Source: al Qaeda leader urged affiliate to ‘do something.’”
CNN
. Aug. 5, 2013.
http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2013/08/05/source-al-qaeda-leader-urged-affiliate-to-do-something/?hpt=hp_t1
.

¹⁸
   Cf. 7.9

¹⁹
   Labott, Eliseand Mohammed Tawfeeq. “Drone strikes kill militants in Yemen; Americans urged to leave.”
CNN
. Aug. 7, 2013.
http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/05/world/yemen-us-drone-strike/index.html?hpt=hp_t2
.

²⁰
   Leno, Jay. “President Barack Obama ~ The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.”
NBC
. Aug. 8, 2013.
http://www.blinkx.com/watch-video/president-barack-obama-the-tonight-show-with-jay-leno/beChxKywGEWLC6lVDH8mqg
.

²¹
   Yellin, Jessica, et al. “Obama cancels talks with Putin ahead of G-20 summit.”
CNN
. Aug. 8, 2013.
http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/07/politics/obama-putin/index.html?hpt=hp_t2
.

²²
   Cf. 7.21

²³
   Cohen, Tom. “Response to terror threat scrutinized: Did U.S. go too far?”
CNN
. Aug. 8, 2013.
http://edition.cnn.com/2013/08/08/politics/terror-threat/index.html?hpt=iaf_c2
.

²⁴
   Cf. 7.23

²⁵
   Reuters. “Obama to hold news conference on Friday.”
Reuters
. Aug. 8, 2013.
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/08/us-usa-obama-pressconference-idUSBRE97713E20130808
.

²⁶
   The White House. “Remarks by the President in a Press Conference.”
The White House of the United States
. Aug. 9, 2013.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/08/09/remarks-president-press-conference
.

²⁷
   The Office of the Director of National Intelligence. “DNI Clapper Announces Review Group on Intelligence and Communications Technologies.”
The Office of the Director of National Intelligence
. Aug. 12, 2013.
http://www.dni.gov/index.php/newsroom/press-releases/191-press-releases-2013/909-dni-clapper-announces-review-group-on-intelligence-and-communications-technologies
.

²⁸
   United States Government. “The White Paper/The National Security Agency: Missions, Authorities, Oversight and Partnerships.”
Cryptome
. Aug. 12, 2013.
http://cryptome.org/2013/08/doj-13-0809.pdf
.

²⁹
   Holt, Rush. “H.R.2818.”
The Library of Congress
. July 24, 2013.
http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d113:h.r.02818:
.

³⁰
   Leahy, Patrick. “S.607.”
The Library of Congress
. Mar. 19, 2013.
http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d113:s.00607:
.

³¹
   Leahy, Patrick. “S.1215.”
The Library of Congress
. Apr. 25, 2013.
http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d113:s.01215:
.

³²
   Merkley, Jeff. “S.1130.”
The Library of Congress
. June 11, 2013.
http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d113:s.1130:
.

³³
   Conyers, John. “H.R.2399.”
The Library of Congress
. June 17, 2013.
http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d113:h.r.02399:
.

³⁴
   Young, C. W. “H.R.2397.”
The Library of Congress
. June 17, 2013.
http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c113:H.R.2397:
.

³⁵
   Cassata, Donna. “House debate gives new airing to NSA surveillance.”
Yahoo
. July 24, 2013.
http://news.yahoo.com/house-debate-gives-airing-nsa-surveillance-205624680.html
.

³⁶
   Sirota, David. “GOP insurrection heats up over surveillance.”
Salon
. July 22, 2013.
http://www.salon.com/2013/07/22/gop_civil_war_leaders_target_rising_star/
.

³⁷
   Gentilviso, Chris. “Justin Amash’s NSA Surveillance Amendment Ruled In Order.”
The Huffington Post
. July 22, 2013.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/22/justin-amash-nsa-surveillance_n_3637462.html?utm_hp_ref=politics
.

³⁸
   The White House. “Statement by the Press Secretary on the Amash Amendment.”
The White House of the United States
. July 23, 2013.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/07/23/statement-press-secretary-amash-amendment
.