The Ghost in the Machine (52 page)

1.  Needham, J. (1932).
2.  Simon (1962).
3.  Jacobson (1955).
4.  Simon, op. cit.
5.  Jenkins (1965).
IV. INDIVIDUALS AND DIVIDUALS
1.  Simon, op. cit.
2.  Sager (1965).
3.  v. Bertalanffy (1952) pp. 48, 50.
4.  Dunbar (1946).
5.  Weiss and Taylor (1960).
6.  Pollock (1965).
V. TRIGGERS AND FILTERS
1. Thorpe (1956) pp. 37-8.
2. Bartlett (1958).
3. Gregory (1966) Chapter 11.
4. Kottenhoff (1957).
5. Lashley (1951) p. 128.
VI. A MEMORY FOR FORGETTING
1. Koestler and Jenkins (1965A).
2. Koestler (1964) pp. 524-5.
3. Jaensch (1930), Kluever (1931).
4. Drever (1962).
5. Simon, op cit.
VII. THE HELMSMAN
1. Coghill (1929).
2. Cannon (1939).
3. Wiener (1948) pp. 113-14.
4. Weiss (1951) p. 141.
5. v. Bertalanffy (1952) p. 119.
6. Miller et al. (1960) pp. 18, 30.
VIII. HABIT AND IMPROVISATION
1. Thorpe (1956) p. 19. 1a, Baehrends (1941).i
2. Hingston (1926-7), quoted by Thorpe (1956) p. 39.
3. Thorpe (1956) p. 262.
4. Tinbergen (1953) p. 116.
5. v. Bertalanffy (1952) pp. 17-18.
PART TWO: BECOMING
IX. THE STRATEGY OF EMBRYOS
1.  Huxley, J. (1954) p. 14.
1a. Kuhn (1962).
2.  Clayton (1964) p. 70.
3.  Simpson, Pittendrigh and Tiffany (1957) p. 330.
4.  Bonner (1965) p. 136.
5.  Ibid, p. 142.
X. EVOLUTION: THEME AND VARIATIONS
1.  Waddington (1952).
1a. Medawar (1960) p. 62.
2.  Huxley, J. (1954) p. 12.
3.  Waddington (1952).
4.  Whyte (1965) p. 50.
5.  Gorini (1966).
6.  de Beer (1940) p. 148 and Hardy (1965) p. 212.
7.  Hardy (1965) p. 211.
8.  St. Hilaire, quoted by Hardy (1965) p. 50.
9.  Goethe. Editor's Preface (1872) pp. xii-xiii.
10. Thompson (1942) pp. 1082-4.
11. Simpson, Pittendrigh and Tiffany (1957) p. 472.
12. Simpson (1949) p. 180.
13. v. Bertalanffy (1952) p. 105.
14. Spurway (1949), quoted by Whyte (1965).
15. Whyte (1965).
XI. EVOLUTION CTD: PROGRESS BY INITIATIVE
1.  Simpson (1950), quoted by Hardy (1965) p. 14.
2.  Sinnott (1961), p. 45.
3.  Muller (1943), quoted by Sinnott (1961) p. 45.
4.  Simpson et al. (1957) p. 354.
5.  Coghill (1929).
6.  Hardy (1965) p. 170.
7.  Ibid, p. 178.
8.  Ibid, p. 176.
9.  Ibid, pp. 172, 192, 193.
10. Waddington (1957) p. 182.
11. Ibid, pp. 166-7.
12. Tinbergen (1953) p. 55.
13. Ewer (1960), quoted by Hardy (1965) p. 187.
14. Herrick (1961) p. 117 f.
15. Waddington (1957) pp. 180 seq.
16. Ibid, pp. 64-5.
XII. EVOLUTION CTD: UNDOING AND RE-DOING
1.  Huxley, (1964) pp. 12-13.
2.  Ibid, p. 13.
3.  Young (1950) p. 74.
4.  de Beer (1940) p. 118.
5.  Child (1915) p. 467.
5a. de Beer, op. cit. p. 119.
6.  Ibid, p. 72.
7.  Haldane (1932) p. 150.
7a. Garstang (1922).
8.  Muller (1943) p. 109.
9.  Krechevsky (1932).
XIII. THE GLORY OF MAN
1.  Needham, A.E. (1961).
2.  See, e.g., Hamburger (1955).
3.  Ibid.
4.  Ibid.
5.  Lashley (1960) p. 239.
6.  Lashley (1929).
6a. Kris (1964).
7.  Bruner and Postman (1949).
8.  Quoted by Hadamard (1949).
9.  Humphrey (1951) p. 1.
10. Bartlett (1958).
11. Bruner and Postman (1949).
12. McKellar (1957).
13. Kubie (1958).
XIV. THE GHOST IN THE MACHINE
1.  Herrick (1961) p. 51.
2.  v. Bertalanffy (1952) p. 128.
3.  Herrick (1960 p. 47.
4.  Schrödinger (1944) p. 72.
5.  Wiener (1948) pp. 76-8.
6.  Spencer (1862).
6a. Whyte (1949) p. 35.
6b. Schrödinger (1944) p. 88.
7.  v. Bertalanffy (1952) p. 112.
8.  Waddington (1961).
9.  Ryle (1950).
10. Gellner (1959).
11. Smythies (1965).
12. Beloff (1962).
13. Gellner (1959).
14. Kneale (1962).
15. Penfield (1961).
16. Ibid.
17. Farber and Wilson, eds. (1961).
18. Eccles, ed. (1966).
19. Sherrington (1906).
20. Thorpe (1966B) p. 542.
21. Ibid, p. 495.
22. Sperry (1960) p. 306.
23. Adrian (1966) p. 245.
24. Koestler (1945) pp. :105-6.
25. MacKay (1966) p. 439.
26, Popper (1950).
27. Polanyi (1966).
28. MacKay (1966) pp. 252-3.
29, Koestler (1959) and (1964).
30. Quoted by Dubos (1950) p. 391 f.
PART THREE: DISORDER
XV. THE PREDICAMENT OF MAN
1.  Freud (1920) pp. 3-5.
2.  Schachtel (1963).
3.  Berlyne (1960) p. 170.
4.  Child (1924).
5.  Arendt (1963).
6.  Hogg (1961) pp. 44-5,.
7.  Prescott (1964) pp. 59, 60, 61.
8.  Ibid, p. 62.
9.  Maslow (1962).
10. Jung (1928) p. 395.
11. Kretchmer (1934).
12. Oswald (1966) pp. 118-19.
13, Drever (1962).
14. Freud (1922).
15. v. Hayek (1966).
16. Koestler (1940) p. 119.
17. Koestler (1945) pp. 127-8.
18. The Times, London, 27.7.66.
19. Empson (1964).
20. Koestler (1945) p. 121.
20a. Koestler (1954).
21. Suzuki (1959) p. 33.
22. Koestler (1950) pp. 42-3 and (1954) p. 26.
23. The Times, London, 10.8.66.
XVI. THE THREE BRAINS
1.  Gaskell (1908) pp. 65-7.
2.  Ibid, p. 66.
3.  Wood Jones and Porteous (1929) pp. 27-8.
4.  Ibid, p. 117.
5.  Ibid, p. 103.
6.  Ibid, p. 112.
7.  Le Gros Clark (1961).
8.  Wheeler (1928) p. 46.
9.  Herrick (1961) pp. 398-9.
10. MacLean (1958) p. 613.
11. MacLean (1956) p. 351.
12. Mandler (1962) pp. 273-4 and 326.
13. Herrick (1961) p. 316.
14. Mandler (1962) p. 338.
15. MacLean (1962) p. 289.
16. MacLean (1964) p. 2.
17. MacLean (private communication).
18. MacLean (1958).
19. Ibid, p. 615.
20. Ibid, pp. 614-15.
21. Herrick (1961) p. 429.
22. MacLean (1958) p. 614.
23. MacLean (1964) p. 3.
24, MacLean (1956) p. 339.
25. MacLean (1956) p. 341 and (1958) p. 619.
26. MacLean (1956) p. 341.
27. MacLean (1964) pp. 10-11.
28. MacLean (1962) p. 296.
29. Miller et al. (1960) p. 206.
30. MacLean (private communication).
31. MacLean (1956) p. 348.
31a. Kluever (1911).
32. MacLean (1961) p. 1737.
33. MacLean (1958) p. 619.
34. MacLean (1962) p. 292.
35. Lorenz (1966) p. 120.
36. Allport (1924).
36a. Olds (196o).
36b. Hebb (1949).
36c. Pribram (1966).
37. Gellhorn (1963).
38. Ibid.
39. Cobb (1950).
40. MacLean (1962) p. 295.
41. Pribram (1966) p. 9.
42. Gellhorn (1957).
XVII. A UNIQUE SPECIES
1.  Huxley, J. (1963) pp. 7-2-8.
2.  Koestler (1959) pp. 513-14.
3.  Pyke (1961) p. 215.
4.  Koestler (1964) p. 227.
5.  Huxley J. (1964) p. 192.
6.  Russell, W.M.S., in The Listener, London, 3.12.64 and 12.11.64.
7.  Lorenz (1966) p. 19.
8.  Russell, W.M.S. and C., in The Listener, London, 3.12.64.
9.  Lorenz (1966) pp. 206-8.
10. Koestler (1966B).
11. Lorenz (1966) p. 215.
12. Lévy-Bruhl (1923) p. 63.
13. Berger (1967).
XVIII. THE AGE OF CLIMAX
1.  Platt (1966) pp. 195, 196 and 200.
2.  de Beer (1966).
3.  National Research Council Report (1962).
4.  Harkavy (1964).
5.  Ibid, p. 8.
6.  Eastman (1965).
7.  Morris (1966).
8.  Time, New York, 29.1.65.
9.  v. Bertalanffy (1956).
10. Time, New York, 25.9.64.
11. Lindquist (1966).
12. Time, New York, 24.9.65.
13. Platt (1966) p. 192.
14. Lorenz (1966) p. 205.
15. MacLean (1961) pp. 1738-9.
16. Hydén (1961).
17. Saunders (1961) p. xi f.
18. Huxley, A. (1961).
APPENDIX II. ON NOT FLOGGING DEAD HORSES
1.  Nott (1964).
2.  Miller (1964B).
3.  Miller et al. (1960).
4,  v. Bertalanffy (1967).
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