The Gnostic Gospels (30 page)

64.
Apocryphon of John
1.30–2.7, in
NHL
99.

65.
Ibid.
, 2.9–18, in
NHL
99.

66.
Letter of Peter to Philip
134.10–18, in
NHL
395. For analysis, see M. Meyer,
The Letter of Peter to Philip NHL VIII, 2: Text, Translation, and Commentary
(Claremont, 1979).

67.
Sophia Jesu Christi
91.8–13, in
NHL
207–208.

68.
For discussion, see H.-C. Puech, “Gnostic Gospels and Related Documents,” in
New Testament Apocrypha
I. 231–362.

69.
Gospel of Philip
57.28–35, in
NHL
135.

70.
Clemens Alexandrinus,
EXCERPTA
23.4.

71.
Irenaeus,
AH
3.11.9.

72.
Book of Thomas the Contender
138.7–18, in
NHL
189.

73.
Irenaeus,
AH
1.18.1.

74.
Acts of John
94–96, in
New Testament Apocrypha
II. 227–232. For brief discussion, see E. Pagels, “To the Universe Belongs the Dancer,” in
Parabola
IV.2 (1979), 7–9.

75.
Irenaeus,
AH
2.15.3.

76.
Ibid.
, 2.13.3–10. Emphasis added.

77.
Heracleon, Frag. 39, in Origen,
Commentarium in Johannes.
Hereafter cited as
COMM. JO.

78.
Hippolytus,
REF
6.42.

79.
Irenaeus,
AH
1.14.1.

80.
Ibid.
, 1.14.3.

81.
Ibid.
, 1.13.3–4.

82.
Ibid.
, 3.4.1.

83.
Ibid.
, 1.13.6.

84.
Ibid.
, 3.2.2.

85.
Ptolemy,
Epistula ad Floram
7.9; for discussion, see Campenhausen,
Ecclesiastical Authority and Spiritual Power
, 158–161.

86.
Irenaeus,
AH
1.30.13.

87.
Dialogue of the Savior
139.12–13, in
NHL
235.

88.
Apocalypse of Peter
72.10–28, in
NHL
340–341.

89.
Apocryphon of James
2.8–15, in NHL 30.

90.
Tertullian,
De Praescriptione Haereticorum
42. Hereafter cited as
DE PRAESCR
.

91.
Ibid.
, 37.

92.
Irenaeus,
AH
1.10.2.

93.
Ibid.
, 3.4.1.

94.
Ibid.
, 3.3.2.

95.
Apocalypse of Peter
74.16–21, in
NHL
341. Cf. Brashler,
The Coptic Apocalypse of Peter;
Perkins, “Peter in Gnostic Revelations.”

96.
Apocalypse of Peter
79.24–30, in
NHL
343.

97.
Ibid.
, 76.27–34, in
NHL
342.

98.
Ibid.
, 78.31–79.10, in
NHL
343.

99.
For discussion, see E. Pagels, “The Demiurge and his Archons: A Gnostic View of the Bishop and Presbyters?” in
Harvard Theological Review
69.3–4 (1976), 301–324.

100.
Tertullian,
De Carne Christi
5.

101.
Gospel of Thomas
, 38.33–39.2, in
NHL
121.

102.
Cf. E. Leach,
Melchisedek and the Emperor: Icons of Subversion and Orthodoxy
, in
Proceedings of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland for 1972
(London, 1973), 1 ff.

CHAPTER TWO

For a more technical discussion of this subject, see E. Pagels, “The Demiurge and his Archons: A Gnostic View of the Bishop and Presbyters?” in
Harvard Theological Review
69.3–4 (1976) 301–324.

1.
Cf. N. A. Dahl, “The Gnostic Response: The Ignorant Creator,” documentation prepared for the Nag Hammadi Section of the Society of Biblical Literature Annual Meeting, 1976.

2.
Hypostasis of the Archons
86.27–94.26, in
NHL
153–158. Note that the citation is conflated from two separate variants of the story in 86.27–87.4 and 94.19–26; a third occurs in the same text at 94.34–95.13. Cf. B. Layton, “The Hypostasis of the Archons,”
Harvard Theological Review
67 (1974), 351 ff.

3.
On the Origin of the World
103.9–20, in
NHL
165. For analysis of the texts, see F. L. Fallon,
The Sabaoth Accounts in “The Nature of the Archons” (CG 11,4) and “On the Origin of the World” (CG 11, 5): An Analysis
(Cambridge, 1974).

4.
Apocryphon of John
11.18–13.13, in
NHL
105–106.

5.
Testimony of Truth
45.24–46.11, in
NHL
411.

6.
Ibid.
, 47.7–30, in
NHL
412.

7.
See excellent discussion by B. A. Pearson, “Jewish Haggadic Traditions in the Testimony of Truth from Nag Hammadi, CG IX, 3,” in
Ex Orbe Religionum: Studia Geo Widengren oblata
(Leiden, 1972), 458–470.

8.
On the Origin of the World
115.31–116.8, in
NHL
172.

9.
Hypostasis of the Archons
89.11–91.1, in
NHL
154–155.

10.
Tripartite Tractate
51.24–52.6, in
NHL
55.

11.
A Valentinian Exposition
22.19–23, in
NHL
436.

12.
Interpretation of Knowledge
9.29, in
NHL
430.

13.
Irenaeus,
AH
4.33.3.

14.
Ibid.
, 3.16.6.

15.
Ibid.
, 3.16.8.

16.
Ibid., Praefatio
2.

17.
Ibid.
, 4.33.3; 3.16.8.

18.
For discussion and references, see Pagels, “The Demiurge and his Archons.”

19.
Irenaeus,
AH 1.11.1.

20.
Ibid.
, 1.1.1; cf.
Tripartite Tractate
51.1 ff., in
NHL
55 ff.

21.
Heracleon, Frag. 22, in Origen,
COMM. JO.
13.19.

22.
Ibid.
, Frag. 24, in Origen,
COMM. JO.
13.25.

23.
Gospel of Philip
53.24–34, in
NHL
132–133.

24.
Irenaeus,
AH
3.15.2. Emphasis added.

25.
Clemens Romanus,
I Clement
3.3.

26.
Ibid.
, 1.1.

27.
Ibid.
, 14.19–20; 60.

28.
Ibid.
, 60.4–61.2; 63.1–2.

29.
Ibid.
, 63.1.

30.
Ibid.
, 41.3.

31.
Ibid.
, 41.1.

32.
See, for example, Campenhausen,
Ecclesiastical Authority and Spiritual Power
, 86–87: “Dogmatic issues are nowhere mentioned. We can no longer discern the background and the real point of the quarrel.”

33.
So says H. Beyschlag,
Clemens Romanus und der Frühkatholizismus
(Tübingen, 1966), 339–353.

34.
Ignatius,
Magnesians
6.1;
Trallions
3.1;
Ephesians
5.3.

35.
Magnesians
6.1–7.2;
Trallians
3.1;
Smyrneans
8.1–2. For citations and discussion, see Pagels, “The Demiurge and his Archons,” 306–307.

36.
Trallians
3.1;
Smyrneans
8.2.

37.
See, for example, Campenhausen,
Ecclesiastical Authority and Spiritual Power
, 84–106.

38.
Tertullian,
Adversus Valentinianos
4.

39.
Clemens Alexandrinus,
Stromata
7.7.

40.
Irenaeus,
AH
3.2.1–3.1.

41.
Ibid., Praefatio
2; 3.15.1–2.

42.
Clemens Alexandrinus,
Stromata
4.89.6–90.1.

43.
Cf. Plato,
Timaeus
41. For discussion, see G. Quispel, “The Origins of the Gnostic Demiurge,” in
Kyriakon: Festschrift Johannes Quasten
(Münster, 1970), 252–271.

44.
Heracleon, Frag. 40, in Origen,
COMM. JO.
13.60.

45.
Lord:
Irenaeus,
AH
4.1–5.

46.
commander: Ibid.
, 1.7.4.

47.
judge:
Heracleon, Frag. 48, in Origen,
COMM. JO.
20.38.

48.
Irenaeus,
AH
3.12.6–12.

49.
Ibid.
, 1.21.1–4.

50.
Ibid.
, 1.13.6.

51.
Ibid.
, 1.21.5.

52.
Ibid.
, 3.15.2.

53.
Ibid.
, 1.7.4.

54.
Ibid.
, 1.13.6.

55.
Ibid.
, 3.15.2.

56.
Tertullian,
Adversus Valentinianos
4.

57.
Irenaeus,
AH
3.15.2.

58.
Ibid.
, 3.3.2.

59.
Ibid.
, 3.15.2.

60.
Ibid.
, 1.21.1–2.

61.
For a detailed discussion of this process, see Campenhausen,
Ecclesiastical Authority and Spiritual Power, 76
ff.

62.
Apocalypse of Peter
79.22–30, in
NHL
343.

63.
Tripartite Tractate
69.7–10, in
NHL
64; 70.21–29, in
NHL
65; 72.16–19, in
NHL
66.

64.
Ibid.
, 79.20–32, in
NHL
69.

65.
Irenaeus,
AH
1.13.1–6.

66.
Ibid., 1
.13.3

67.
Ibid., 1
.13.4; for technical discussion of the lot
(kleros)
, see Pagels, “The Demiurge and his Archons,” 316–318.

Irenaeus tries to deny this:
AH
1.134.

Such use of lots had precedent both in ancient Israel, where God was thought to express His choice through the casting of lots, and also among the apostles themselves, who selected by lot the twelfth apostle to replace Judas Iscariot (Acts 1:17–20). Apparently the followers of Valentinus intended to follow their example.

68.
Tertullian,
DE PRAESCR.
41. Emphasis added.

69.
Ibid.
, 41.

70.
Ibid.
, 41.

71.
Irenaeus,
AH
1.13.1.

72.
Ibid.
, 1.6.2–3.

73.
Ibid.
, Quotation conflated from 3.15.2 and 2.16.4.

74.
Ibid.
, 3.15.2.

75.
Ibid.
, 3.25.1.

76.
Ibid.
, 5.26.1.

77.
Irenaeus,
Ad Florinum
, in Eusebius,
Historia ecclesiae
5.20.4–8.

78.
Irenaeus,
AH
4.26.3. Emphasis added.