The Gunpowder Plot: Terror & Faith in 1605 (57 page)

*
It will be recalled that this date was changed twice: the last postponement was from 3 October. According to Cressy’s argument, we might well have been chanting ‘Please to remember the Third of October’.

*
Widespread enquiries by the author in 1993–4 failed to produce information concerning any indigenous celebration of 5 November in the United States – that is, festivals with continuity to the seventeenth century and Pope Day. All those who did mark Guy Fawkes Day in one form or another were careful to emphasise that their rituals were purely enjoyable and had absolutely no connotation of anti-Catholicism: as one correspondent wrote: ‘much more Dionysian than anti-papal’.

†
It was discontinued along with the official commemoration of two other days of monarchical significance, 30 January (execution of Charles I, 1649) and 29 May (restoration of Charles II, 1660).

*
One Catholic schoolmaster, Dom. Antony Sutch O.S.B. of Downside, used to celebrate 6 November as opposed to the 5th, as a protest against such practices: on this day he recalled to his pupils the sufferings of the Elizabethan and Jacobean Catholic martyrs (information supplied to the author).

*
The Catholic parish priest at St Pancras, Lewes, since the mid-1980s, whose church is passed by the bonfire processions, emphasises that he has not found Lewes to be an anti-Catholic town in any way.

*
The Maccabees decided (unlike their brethren) to fight on the Sabbath day: let us not all die as our brethren died in their hiding-places’ (1 Maccabees 2:40–1).

Notes

Details of books, documents etc., given here in abbreviated form, will be found in the list of Reference Books.

Prologue: Bountiful Beginnings

1
Western, p. 222.

2
Hurstfield, ‘Succession’, p. 370; Caraman,
Garnet,
p. 299; Harrison,
Elizabethan,
p. 70; Byrne, p. 244.

3
Chamberlain, I, p. 188.

4
H.M.C. Salisbury, XIII, p. 668.

5
Henry IV, Pt 2,
Induction.

6
Carey,
pp. 57–8 and note.

7
Carey,
p. 59.

8
Carey,
p. 60; Williams,
Elizabeth,
p. 352. Somerset,
Elizabeth,
p. 568; C.S.P. Domestic, VIII, p. 1; Chamberlain, I, p. 188; Bruce, p. li; Neale, ‘Sayings’, p. 229 and note 1.

9
Handover,
Arbella,
pp. 158–60.

10
Manningham,
p. 159; Birch, pp. 206–7;
Carey,
pp. 61ff.

11
Nichols, I, pp. 25ff.; Western, p. 222.

12
Haigh,
Elizabeth,
p. 25; Clark, p. 212; Nichols, I, p. 30.

13
Caraman,
Garnet,
pp. 305–6 and note 1.

14
Anstruther,
Vaux,
pp. 258, 221.

15
Byrne, p. 190.

16
Nichols, I, p. 40; Smith,
James,
p. 4; Wormald, ‘James’, p. 188; Willson, p. 167.

17
Tierney, p. lxxii.

18
Edwards,
Tesimond,
p. 21.

19
Cuvelier, pp. 289–90.

20
Loomie, ‘Toleration’, p. 50.

21
Dekker,
Works,
I, p. 99.

22
Nichols, I, pp. 62ff.

23
Mathew,
James,
pp. 117, 122.

24
Nichols, I, p. 70.

25
Loomie, ‘Toleration’, pp. 14ff.; H.M.C. Salisbury, XV, p. 232.

26
H.M.C. Salisbury, XIV, p. 162.

27
Peck,
Mental World,
p. 4.

28
Chamberlain, I, p. 192; Nichols, I, p. 154.

29
Caraman,
Garnet,
p. 305.

30
Caraman,
Garnet,
p. 315; Weston, pp. 222–4.

Chapter One: Whose Head for the Crown?

1
Hale, pp. 124–5.

2
Lee, p. 420.

3
Mackie, pp. 267ff.

4
Wormald, ‘James’, p. 189.

5
It could be argued that the junior Suffolk line had a greater claim to legitimacy than the senior one, in that it descended from Lady Eleanor Brandon, who (unlike her elder sister Frances) had been born after the death of Suffolk’s earlier wife.

6
Clancy,
Pamphleteers,
p. 79.

7
Clancy, ‘Catholics’, p. 115.

8
Published under the title
A Conference about the Next Succession to the Crowne of Ingland,
by R. Doleman; Hicks, ‘Persons and
Succession’,
p. in.

9
Loomie, ‘Philip’, p. 509.

10
Klingenstein, pp. 8ff.

11
Klingenstein, pp. 85 ff., 296; Chambers, I, p. 270; Harrison,
Elizabethan,
p. 530.

12
Parker,
Europe,
p. 137.

13
C.S.P. Venetian, X, p. 136; C.S.P. Domestic, VII, p. 725.

14
Parker,
Revolt,
p. 261; Dodd, p. 631 and note 5.

15
C.S.P. Spanish, IV, p. 726.

16
Doleman, p. 102; C.S.P. Spanish, IV, pp. 735, 660–2.

17
Holmes,
Resistance,
pp. 179–80.

18
Hurstfield,
Freedom,
p. 61.

19
Hicks, ‘Cecil’, pp. 99ff.; Clancy, ‘Catholics’, p. 132.

20
Bruce, p. xvi; MacCaffrey, p. 415.

21
Bruce, pp. xxxi–xxxiii.

22
Bruce, p. xxv.

23
Mackie, pp. 276, 280.

24
Bruce, p. 52.

25
Williams,
Anne,
p. 51; Willson, p. 94; Nichols, I, p. 190.

26
The identity of this ‘great princess’ is not known for certain; it may have been Anne’s Catholic cousin Christina of Denmark, or Cecilia of Sweden; see Stevenson, pp. 256ft; Stafford, p. 238.

27
Stevenson, p. 260.

28
Loomie, ‘Catholic Consort’, p. 305; Warner, pp. 124–7.

29
Hicks, ‘Cecil’, p. 164; Stafford, p. 233; Loomie, ‘Philip’, pp. 502ff.

30
Loomie, ‘Philip’, p. 512; Willson, pp. 143ff.

31
C.S.P. Domestic, VIII, p. 60; Loomie, ‘Philip’, p. 508.

32
Rodríguez-Villa, pp. 82–4; Stafford, p. 288.

Chapter Two: The Honest Papists

1
Western, p. 31.

2
Vaux, pp. 48–9.

3
Rowse,
Cornwall,
p. 366.

4
Edwards,
Jesuits,
p. 30; Rose, p. 12.

5
Anstruther,
Vaux,
p. 321; Rowse,
Cornwall,
p. 360.

6
Willson, p. 122.

7
H.M.C. Salisbury, XIV, p. 178.

8
Trimble, p. 170.

9
Southern, pp. 39–43.

10
Southern, p. 63.

11
H.M.C. Salisbury, XII, p. 32.

12
Rowse,
Cornwall,
p. 353.

13
Holmes,
Resistance,
p. 202; Rose, p. 99.

14
Peck,
Northampton,
pp. 6ff.; Bossy, ‘Character’, pp. 241–2; Robinson, pp. 85–6.

15
Peck,
Northampton,
p. 70; Walsham, p. 83;
Manningham,
pp. 170–1.

16
Western, p. 71; Bossy,
Bruno,
p. 121; Kerman, pp. 42ft, 189ff.

17
H.M.C. Salisbury, XVII, pp. 611–12.

18
Walsham, p. 1.

19
Hanlon, pp. 373 ff.

20
Aveling,
Handle,
p. 66; Dickens, ‘First Stages’, p. 157.

21
Haigh,
Reformations,
p. 266.

22
Lawes Resolutions,
p. 60.

23
Caraman,
Years,
p. 67; Walsham, p. 79; Hanlon, p. 394.

24
Rose, p. 113; Walsham, p. 79; Caraman,
Garnet,
p. 167.

25
Warnicke, p. 170; Neale,
Parliaments,
II, p. 294.

26
Rowlands, p. 157.

27
Clancy,
Pamphleteers,
p. 39; Holmes,
Resistance,
pp. iojff.

28
Bruce, p. 37.

29
Rowlands, p. 158.

30
Anstruther,
Vaux
, pp. 205ff.

31
Gerard,
Autobiography,
p. 148.

32
Anstruther,
Vaux
, p. 224.

33
Gerard,
Autobiography,
p. 147; Anstruther,
Vaux,
p. 243.

34
Hamilton, II, pp. 151ff.

35
Caraman,
Garnet,
pp. 1ff.; Edwards,
Tesimond,
p. 174.

36
Anstruther,
Vaux,
p. 118; Caraman,
Garnet,
p. 132; Edwards,
Tesimond,
p. 185.

37
Anstruther,
Vaux
, pp. 191, 221ff.

38
Southwell, pp. 98–9.

Chapter Three: Diversity of Opinions

1
Bruce, pp. 31–2.

2
Bruce, pp. 33–4, 37.

3
Bruce, p. 36.

4
Nicholls, pp. 85 ff.; Shirley, pp. 206–7.

5
Nicholls, pp. 102, 224.

6
Nicholls, p. 118; Bruce, p. 47.

7
Chamberlain, I, p. 212; Edwards,
Tesimond,
pp. 60–1; Edwards,
Fawkes,
p. 74.

8
Edwards,
Tesimond,
pp. 58ff.; Goodman, I, p. 102.

9
H.M.C. Salisbury, XVII, p. 550; Goodman, I, p. 102; although Nicholls, p. 109 note 47, thinks this bigamy is not proved he agrees that ‘it
looks
as if both [wives] were alive in November 1605’.

10
Peters, p. 17; Aveling,
East Yorkshire,
p. 36.

11
Goodman, I, p. 102.

12
Nicholls, p. 98.

13
Nicholls, p. 98; Edwards,
Tesimond,
pp. 58–9.

14
Willson, pp. 148ff.; Nicholls, p. 98; Collinson, p. 447; Bruce, p. 56.

15
Bruce, pp. 53ff.

16
Aveling,
Handle,
p. 111; Hurstfield, ‘Succession’, pp. 382ff.; Bossy, ‘English Catholic’, pp. 92ff.; H.M.C. Salisbury, p. 44; Basset, pp. 85ff.

17
Basset, p. 61.

18
Bellamy, p. 108.

19
Pollen,
Archpriest,
p. 99; Caraman,
Garnet,
p. 289; Holmes,
Resistance,
pp. 187ff.; Basset, p. 87.

20
Basset, p. 87.

21
Bossy, ‘Henri’, p. 87.

22
Edwards,
Tesimond,
pp. 63–4, 83–4; Gerard,
Autobiography,
p. 59.

23
Peters, p. 34; Edwards,
Tesimond,
p. 63.

24
Edwards,
Tesimond,
pp. 55, 61, 69.

25
Caraman,
Garnet,
p. 283; Loomie,
Fawkes,
p. 2 note 3.

26
Gerard,
Plot and Plotters,
p. 21; Humphreys, ‘Wyntours’, pp. 55 ff.

27
V.C.H. Worcestershire, III, pp. 123–7.

28
Nash, ‘Littleton’, p. 136; Edwards,
Tesimond,
pp. 55, 62.

29
Loomie,
Fawkes,
pp.
zii.

30
S.T., I, pp. 169ff.

31
Loomie,
Fawkes,
pp. 43–4 note 4; Caraman,
Garnet,
p. 411 note 2.

32
Pollen, ‘Accession’, pp. 578ff.; Loomie,
Fawkes,
pp. 11–12.

33
Caraman,
Garnet,
p. 169; H.M.C. Salisbury, XV, p. 216.

34
Bruce, pp. 31–2.

35
Peck,
Northampton,
p. 23.

36
Kerman, p. 317.

Chapter Four: A King and his Cubs

1
Willson, p. 165.

2
Nichols, I, p. 22.

3
Barroll, pp. 191ff.; H.M.C. Salisbury, XV, pp. vii, 348.

4
Nichols, I, pp. 161, 124.

5
Rowse,
Forman,
p. 106.

6
Nichols, I, pp. 176ff.

7
Strong, p. 10; Nichols, I, p. 188; Harrison,
Jacobean,
p. 43.

8
S.T., II, p. 130.

9
Nichols, I, p. 128.

10
Edwards,
Tesimond,
pp. 28, 93; Morris,
Gerard’s Narrative,
p. 11.

11
Gibbon, I, p. 167.

12
Barlow, p. 47.

13
Leatherbarrow, p. 150; H.M.C. Salisbury, XV, p. 119.

14
Loomie,
Fawkes,
p. 27; Stevenson, p. 265; Loomie,
Elizabethans,
p. 124.

15
C.S.P. Venetian, X, pp. 43, 40.

16
Stafford, p. 284; Nicholls, ‘Treason’s Reward’, pp. 821–42.

17
Recent research has newly established Ralegh’s involvement; see Nicholls, ‘Ralegh’s Treason’; Loomie, ‘Toleration’, pp. 15 ff.; C.S.P. Venetian, X, p. 82.

18
Loomie, ‘Toleration’, p. 20 and note 63; Caraman,
Garnet,
p. 310; Dodd, p. 364.

19
H.M.C. Salisbury, XV, pp. 277–8; Morris,
Gerard’s Narrative,
pp. 74-5.

20
Loomie, ‘Toleration’, p. 14.

21
Anstrufher,
Vaux,
p. 278.

22
Willson, pp. 127–8.

23
Willson, pp. 28ff.

24
Loomie, ‘Toleration’, p. 23;
The Kings Majesties Speech,
19 March 1603.