The Happiness Industry (35 page)

16
These fees were quoted to the author by the speaker bureaus' of Ariely and Thaler.

17
On this point, see the work of the Wittgensteinian philosopher, Peter Hacker, including Max Bennett and Peter Hacker,
Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience
, Hoboken: Wiley, 2003; and his unpublished paper, ‘The Relevance of Wittgenstein's Philosophy of Psychology to the Psychological Sciences'.

18
‘Strikingly, neuroscience ascribes to the brain much the same range of properties that Cartesians ascribe to the mind.' Bennett and Hacker,
Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience
, 111.

19
Ludwig Wittgenstein,
Philosophical Investigations
, Oxford: Blackwell, 2001, book 1, para 384.

20
Rom Harré and Paul Secord,
The Explanation of Social Behaviour
, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1972.

21
John Cromby, ‘The Greatest Gift? Happiness, Governance and Psychology',
Social and Personality Psychology Compass
5: 11, 2011.

22
Richard Bentall,
Doctoring the Mind: Why Psychiatric Treatments Fail
, London: Allen Lane/Penguin, 2009, xvii.

23
Les Back,
The Art of Listening
, Oxford: Berg, 2007, 7.

24
Harré and Secord,
The Explanation of Social Behaviour
, 107.

25
See Horwitz and Wakefield,
The Loss of Sadness;
Mark Rapley, Joanna Moncrieff and Jacqui Dillon, eds.
De-Medicalizing Misery: Psychiatry, Psychology and the Human Condition
, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

26
Raymond Williams,
The Long Revolution
, Cardigan: Parthian Books, 2011, 358. I am grateful to Jeremy Gilbert for pointing this out to me.

27
Will Davies and Ruth Yeoman, ‘Becoming a Public Service Mutual: Understanding Transition and Change', Oxford Centre for Mutual & Employee-owned Business, 2013; Will Davies, ‘Reinventing the Firm',
demos.co.uk
, 2013.

28
Denis Campbell,'UK Needs Four-Day Week to Combat Stress, Says Top Doctor',
theguardian.com
, 1 July 2014.

29
Philosophically, the assertion that rival measures or value spheres should remain isolated from each other is an argument associated with Michael Walzer,
Spheres of Justice
, New York: Basic Books, 1983.

A4e,
110
,
111
,
112

Abrams, Mark,
99
,
101

Accenture,
119

Achor, Shawn,
114

Activity Savings Account,
240

Ad Slam contest,
275

addiction,
204
,
207

Adorno, Theodor,
99

advertising,
73
,
85
,
86
,
93
,
95–6
,
100
,
101
,
102–3
,
186
,
188
,
189
,
215
,
253
,
256
,
262
,
275

advertising-free spaces,
275

affect scales/questionnaires,
241

Affectiva,
72

affective computing,
222
,
237

Affective Computing research centre (MIT),
221

Airbnb,
188

Aldridge, Beren,
246
,
247
,
248
,
250

Alfa-Bank,
240

algorithms,
6
,
204
,
220
,
221
,
226
,
237
,
239
,
261

altruism,
131
,
182
,
191
,
195
,
211
,
243

American Psychiatric Association (APA),
167
,
168
,
169
,
171
,
172
,
173
,
174
,
177
,
178
,
271

American Psychological Association,
87

amitriptyline,
164

Anderson, Chris,
185

Andrejevic, Mark,
260

antidepressants,
143
,
163
,
164
,
166
,
175

anti-psychiatry movement,
168

Apple,
37
,
135
,
159

apps,
3
,
5
,
26
,
64
,
135
,
221
,
228
,
230
,
232
,
274

Ariely, Dan,
238
,
257

Aristotle,
5
,
20

Ashton, John,
274

Atos,
110
,
112
,
113

attitudinal research,
100
,
147

Ayd, Frank,
164

Back, Les,
269

Bain, Alexander,
48

Barclays Bank,
178

Basu, Sanjay,
252

Beating the Blues,
222

Beck, Aaron,
165
,
175

Beck Depression Inventory,
165
,
175

Becker, Gary,
149
,
151
,
160

behaviour,
31–2
,
262
.
See also
verbal behaviour

behavioural activation courses,
111

behavioural economics,
182–3
,
184
,
189
,
210
,
214
,
219
,
256
,
257

Behavioural Insights Unit (Britain),
88

behavioural monitoring,
38

behavioural psychology,
97
,
234

behaviourism,
87–92
,
93
,
96
,
97
,
100
,
101
,
102
,
232
,
233
,
234
,
236
,
237
,
255
,
258
,
259
,
264
,
266
,
267
,
268

Beihang University,
196

Beijing, advertising-free spaces,
275

‘On Being Sane in Insane Places',
168

Bentall, Richard,
268

Bentham, Jeremy

aim of,
56

and Chicago School of economics,
150

childhood,
14–15

as developer of utilitarianism,
13

distrust of language,
19
,
32
,
104

on emotion,
74

followers of,
232

as godfather of public sector outsourcing,
35

on happiness,
113

influence of,
48

as lawyer,
15

on measuring subjective feelings,
241

on measuring utility,
46

on minds as mathematical calculators,
56

on money,
57
,
114

as monist,
33

on pain,
19–20

on pain and pleasure as measurable,
262
,
263

as philosopher,
14
,
16
,
26
,
48

on politics,
18
,
23–6
,
32
,
37
,
76–7
,
155

on psychic optimization,
177

on psychology,
29
,
230
,
267

on punishment,
16
,
19
,
23
,
179
,
183
,
239

and scientific politics,
77
,
88

on sexual freedoms,
15

shaping of,
178

as technocrat/technician,
14
,
16
,
48

as theorist,
54

tyranny of sounds,
22
,
32
,
97
,
147
,
225
,
261

Benthamism/Benthamites,
20
,
22
,
26
,
48
,
55
,
64
,
76
,
84
,
104
,
145
,
177
,
183
,
257
,
261
,
267
,
276

Bethlehem Steel,
118

big data,
219–20
,
222
,
223
,
226
,
233
,
237
,
260

blackboard economics,
155
,
158

Blair, Tony,
140
,
141

Blink
(Gladwell),
72

bodily-monitoring devices,
137

Booth, Charles,
98

Bourke, Joanna,
19

brain research,
255
,
256

British Airways,
10

British Office for National Statistics,
245

Brookings Institute,
98

Brown, Gordon,
140
,
192

Buddhism,
2
,
38
,
265

burn-out,
106
,
113
,
116
,
133

Bush, George, Sr.,
255

businesses

American psychology and,
85

craze for psychological analysis in,
97

democratic business structures,
272

as obsessed with being social,
187

power relations within,
273

as producing, managing, and influencing social relationships,
190

as professionally managed,
82

relationships of with universities,
82

thank-yous to customers,
186–7

buy button,
73
,
256

buzz,
189

Cacioppo, John,
193–4

Cameron, David,
191

Cantril, Hadley,
99
,
101
,
146
,
147

capitalism,
8–10
,
25
,
50
,
51–2
,
57
,
58
,
59
,
103
,
105
,
107
,
108
,
116
,
123
,
210
,
250

care farming,
246
,
248

Carnegie Foundation,
97

CBS,
99

CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy),
2
,
35
,
111
,
124
,
165
,
222
,
258

celebrity endorsements/celebrities,
1
,
95
,
190

Cheltenham Literature Festival (Britain),
36

Chicago School of economics,
149
,
150
,
153
,
154–5
,
156
,
157
,
158
,
159
,
160
,
161
,
167
,
177
,
179
,
223

chief happiness officers,
4
,
113

choice, science of,
237

Christakis, Nicholas,
192
,
194
,
196
,
203

Cialdini, Robert,
238
,
257

Clausius, Rudolf,
115

Clean City Law (São Paolo),
275

clinical psychology,
250
,
254

Coase, Ronald,
153–8

Coase's Theorem,
158
,
159
,
161

Coca-Cola,
187

cocaine,
68

cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT),
2
,
35
,
111
,
124
,
165
,
222
,
258

Cold War,
256

Commercial Alert,
275

community psychology,
250
,
254

competition and competitive culture, effects of,
141–3

competitive-depressive society,
148

complaints/complaining,
107
,
133
,
165
,
269–70

conservation of energy, principle of,
28–9
,
30
,
115

consumer culture,
100
,
104

consumer intelligence,
217

consumer neuroscientists,
74

consumer profiling,
216

consumer psychology,
74
,
85

consumer voice,
102

consumerist philosophy,
76

consumption, as driven by emotions,
72

contagion,
189
,
193
,
196
,
212
,
225
,
257

co-operation,
119
,
125
,
224
,
271
,
272

Cornell University,
257

Corporate Athlete Course,
112

cortisol,
133
,
252

Crary, Jonathan,
79

Cromby, John,
267

Cumulated Index Medicus,
43

Curtis, Ian,
120

Damasio, Antonio,
72

Dartmouth College,
227

Darwin, Charles,
59

Darwinists,
84

data analytics,
102
,
119
,
223
,
227
,
230
,
237

data collection,
218

data euphoria,
238

data mining,
220
,
233
,
260
,
261

data science/scientists,
219
,
230
,
237

Davos meetings,
1–3

day reconstruction method,
64
,
229

decision research,
256

Decision Science Research Group (UC Berkeley),
182

decision-making,
17
,
68
,
85
,
182
,
224
,
235
,
237
,
242
,
243
,
248
,
252
,
256

Decline of the West
(Spengler),
121

deliberation,
88
,
102
,
260
,
268
,
272
,
273

Denny's,
187

Department of Veterans Affairs (US),
227

depression,
141
,
142–3
,
164
,
165
,
166
,
171
,
175
,
176
,
178
,
194
,
208
,
231

Depression Anxiety Stress Scales,
175

depressive-competitive disorder,
179

Descartes, René,
27
,
30

Descartes' Error
(Damasio),
72

desire, science of,
74
,
96

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V (DSM-V),
177
,
178
,
204

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders II (DSM-II),
167
,
168
,
171
,
172
,
174

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders III (DSM-III),
173–4
,
176
,
204
,
271
,
290–291n30

dialogue,
125
,
132
,
136
,
225

digital monitoring/tracking,
135
,
260

Director, Aaron,
149
,
153
,
156
,
157
,
160

Director, Rose,
149

disempowerment,
243
,
250

dopamine,
66–7
,
68