Authors: Wendy Doniger
The Hindus (130 page)
CHAPTER 23. HINDUS IN AMERICA
2
Stephen Prothero of Boston University, cited in “Poll Finds a Fluid Religious Life in U.S.,”
New York Times,
February 26, 2008. Reported by Neela Banerjea. Report of the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life,
http://religions.pewforum.org
.
Stephen Prothero of Boston University, cited in “Poll Finds a Fluid Religious Life in U.S.,”
New York Times,
February 26, 2008. Reported by Neela Banerjea. Report of the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life,
http://religions.pewforum.org
.
6
Kripal, “Western Popular Culture, Hindu Influences On.”
Kripal, “Western Popular Culture, Hindu Influences On.”
12
Ibid., 146, 214-15.
Ibid., 146, 214-15.
13
Kripal, “Western Popular Culture, Hindu Influences On.”
Kripal, “Western Popular Culture, Hindu Influences On.”
14
O’Brien, “Sweetheart,” 110.
O’Brien, “Sweetheart,” 110.
17
Rajesh Priyadarhi, on BBC News, June 9, 2004.
Rajesh Priyadarhi, on BBC News, June 9, 2004.
18
Rama Lakshmi, “In India, Gods Rule the ‘Toon’ Universe; Hindu Myth a Fount of Superheroes,”
Washington Post Foreign Service,
January 9, 2008, A11.
Rama Lakshmi, “In India, Gods Rule the ‘Toon’ Universe; Hindu Myth a Fount of Superheroes,”
Washington Post Foreign Service,
January 9, 2008, A11.
19
Mr. Boffo cartoon by Joe Martin, Inc., distributed by Universal Press Syndicate, published in the September 29, 2000,
Chicago Tribune.
Mr. Boffo cartoon by Joe Martin, Inc., distributed by Universal Press Syndicate, published in the September 29, 2000,
Chicago Tribune.
21
“Tantric Sex Class Opens Up Whole New World of Unfulfillment for Local Couple,”
Onion
(March 30-April 5, 2000), 8.
“Tantric Sex Class Opens Up Whole New World of Unfulfillment for Local Couple,”
Onion
(March 30-April 5, 2000), 8.
22
Spayde, “The Politically Correct Kama Sutra,” 56.
Spayde, “The Politically Correct Kama Sutra,” 56.
23
The musical was conceived by Terry Abraham-son and directed by Arnie Saks, with music by Stephen Joseph.
The musical was conceived by Terry Abraham-son and directed by Arnie Saks, with music by Stephen Joseph.
24
Britt, “Avatar.”
Britt, “Avatar.”
25
American School of Laughter Yoga, e-mail advertisement, June 2, 2005.
American School of Laughter Yoga, e-mail advertisement, June 2, 2005.
27
Ibid., xii.
Ibid., xii.
28
Ibid., xii, 109.
Ibid., xii, 109.
29
Statements made in public hearings before the California Board of Education and the Fairfax County School Board between 2000 and 2005.
Statements made in public hearings before the California Board of Education and the Fairfax County School Board between 2000 and 2005.
30
Kripal, “Western Popular Culture, Hindu Influences On.”
Kripal, “Western Popular Culture, Hindu Influences On.”
31
Ibid.
Ibid.
34
Kripal, “Western Popular Culture, Hindu Influences On.”
Kripal, “Western Popular Culture, Hindu Influences On.”
35
Jason Overdorf, “Saving the Raja’s Horse: British Horsewoman Francesca Kelly Brings India’s Fiery Marwari to the United States in Hopes of Reviving the Breed.”
Smithsonian,
June 2004. See also
www.horsemarwari.com
and Kelly and Durfee,
Marwari: Legend of the Indian Horse.
Jason Overdorf, “Saving the Raja’s Horse: British Horsewoman Francesca Kelly Brings India’s Fiery Marwari to the United States in Hopes of Reviving the Breed.”
Smithsonian,
June 2004. See also
www.horsemarwari.com
and Kelly and Durfee,
Marwari: Legend of the Indian Horse.
CHAPTER 24. THE PAST IN THE PRESENT
1
Gough, “Harijans in Thanjavur,” 234.
Gough, “Harijans in Thanjavur,” 234.
2
Lubin, “Veda on Parade,” 398.
Lubin, “Veda on Parade,” 398.
3
Ibid., 394.
Ibid., 394.
4
Frederick M. Smith, “Indra Goes West,” 259-60, citing Madhava.
Frederick M. Smith, “Indra Goes West,” 259-60, citing Madhava.
5
Lubin, “Veda on Parade,” 394.
Lubin, “Veda on Parade,” 394.
6
Ibid., 393-94; in Solapur in 1978 and in Pune in 1955.
Ibid., 393-94; in Solapur in 1978 and in Pune in 1955.
7
Smith, “Indra Goes West,” 259.
Smith, “Indra Goes West,” 259.
8
Lubin, “Veda on Parade,” 394.
Lubin, “Veda on Parade,” 394.
14
Appadurai, “Gastro Politics,” 506.
Appadurai, “Gastro Politics,” 506.
15
White, “Dogs die.”
White, “Dogs die.”
16
Personal communication from Nagaraj Paturi, Chicago, January 2007.
Personal communication from Nagaraj Paturi, Chicago, January 2007.
17
Sontheimer, “King of Warriors,” 52-53.
Sontheimer, “King of Warriors,” 52-53.
18
Elison, “Immanent Domains.”
Elison, “Immanent Domains.”
19
BBC news, November 8, 2007.
BBC news, November 8, 2007.
21
New York Times,
March 7, 2008, “Kashmir: City Plans to Poison 100,000 Dogs”; March 8, 2008, “Kashmir: Strays Saved from Poisoning.”
New York Times,
March 7, 2008, “Kashmir: City Plans to Poison 100,000 Dogs”; March 8, 2008, “Kashmir: Strays Saved from Poisoning.”
23
Cohn, “The Changing Status of a Depressed Caste,” 285.
Cohn, “The Changing Status of a Depressed Caste,” 285.
26
Ann Grodzins Gold, personal conversation, August 2007.
Ann Grodzins Gold, personal conversation, August 2007.
27
I owe this concern, and much of its wording, to Arshia Sattar, personal communication, August 13, 2006.
I owe this concern, and much of its wording, to Arshia Sattar, personal communication, August 13, 2006.
28
BBC News, December 7, 2007. The judge was Sunil Kumar Singh.
BBC News, December 7, 2007. The judge was Sunil Kumar Singh.
29
He bought it from New York dealer Ben Heller for David L. Shirey. “Norton Simon Bought Smuggled Idol,”
New York Times,
May 12, 1973.
He bought it from New York dealer Ben Heller for David L. Shirey. “Norton Simon Bought Smuggled Idol,”
New York Times,
May 12, 1973.
30
Davis,
Lives of Indian Images,
252, citing N. Vidyasagar, “Back Home—but Not Yet,”
Aside,
August 31, 1991.
Davis,
Lives of Indian Images,
252, citing N. Vidyasagar, “Back Home—but Not Yet,”
Aside,
August 31, 1991.
32
S. Balakrishnan, “Ayodhya: The Communal Tinderbox,”
Illustrated Weekly of India,
vol. 11, no. 5 (1989), 30.
S. Balakrishnan, “Ayodhya: The Communal Tinderbox,”
Illustrated Weekly of India,
vol. 11, no. 5 (1989), 30.
36
Dalrymple, “India: The War over History.”
Dalrymple, “India: The War over History.”
37
BBC News, September 12, 2007.
BBC News, September 12, 2007.
38
Romila Thapar, “Opinion,” in
The Hindu,
September 28, 2007; reprinted in
Economic and Political Weekly
(September 29, 2007).
Romila Thapar, “Opinion,” in
The Hindu,
September 28, 2007; reprinted in
Economic and Political Weekly
(September 29, 2007).
42
Richman, “E. V. Ramasami’s Reading of the Ramayana.”
Richman, “E. V. Ramasami’s Reading of the Ramayana.”
52
Mahesh Rangarajan, “Enemies of Open Society Threaten the Idea of India,”
Economic and Political Weekly,
February 23, 2008; Ramachandra Guha, “Devotions Destructive and Divine,”
The Hindu,
March 2, 2008.
Mahesh Rangarajan, “Enemies of Open Society Threaten the Idea of India,”
Economic and Political Weekly,
February 23, 2008; Ramachandra Guha, “Devotions Destructive and Divine,”
The Hindu,
March 2, 2008.
55
Kishwar, “Yes to Sita, No to Ram,” 300 ff.
Kishwar, “Yes to Sita, No to Ram,” 300 ff.
59
Ibid.
Ibid.
60
Sumanta Banerjee, “Women’s Popular Culture in Nineteenth Century Bengal,” in Sangari and Vaid,
Recasting Women,
138-39.
Sumanta Banerjee, “Women’s Popular Culture in Nineteenth Century Bengal,” in Sangari and Vaid,
Recasting Women,
138-39.
61
Chakravarti,
Themes in Indian History,
78, citing the short story entitled “Kunti O Nishadi” by Mahashweta Devi.
Chakravarti,
Themes in Indian History,
78, citing the short story entitled “Kunti O Nishadi” by Mahashweta Devi.
63
Ibid., 78, quoting an untitled poem by Waman Nimbalkar (called “Just Poem”),
Vagartha,
12 (January 1976), trans. Graham Smith.
Ibid., 78, quoting an untitled poem by Waman Nimbalkar (called “Just Poem”),
Vagartha,
12 (January 1976), trans. Graham Smith.
64
Ibid., 8, citing Shashikant Hingonekar, “Ekalavya,”
Asmitadarsh,
no. 12 (April-May-June 1989), trans. Gail Omvedt and Bharat Patankar.
Ibid., 8, citing Shashikant Hingonekar, “Ekalavya,”
Asmitadarsh,
no. 12 (April-May-June 1989), trans. Gail Omvedt and Bharat Patankar.
65
Anand and Zelliot,
Anthology of Dalit Literature,
152. This poem (from
Surung
) was translated by Eleanor Zelliot.
Anand and Zelliot,
Anthology of Dalit Literature,
152. This poem (from
Surung
) was translated by Eleanor Zelliot.
66
Surekha Bhagat, “The Lesson.” Personal communication from Eleanor Zelliot, 2005.
Surekha Bhagat, “The Lesson.” Personal communication from Eleanor Zelliot, 2005.
68
Associated Press, November 9, 2006.
Associated Press, November 9, 2006.
71
Personal communication from William Dalrymple, January 6, 2008.
Personal communication from William Dalrymple, January 6, 2008.
72
Hudson, “Siva, Minaksi, Visnu.”
Hudson, “Siva, Minaksi, Visnu.”
74
Kurtz,
All the Mothers Are One,
18; Lutgendorf, “Who Wants to Be a Goddess?
Jai Santoshi Maa
Revisited.”
Kurtz,
All the Mothers Are One,
18; Lutgendorf, “Who Wants to Be a Goddess?
Jai Santoshi Maa
Revisited.”
75
Ritter, “Epiphany in Radha’s Arbor,” 181-84, 199, 201.
Ritter, “Epiphany in Radha’s Arbor,” 181-84, 199, 201.
76
Omvedt,
Dalit Visions,
19-20, citing Jotiba Phule,
Gulamgiri
(in Marathi, with an English introduction), 1885.
Omvedt,
Dalit Visions,
19-20, citing Jotiba Phule,
Gulamgiri
(in Marathi, with an English introduction), 1885.
77
Ibid., 85.
Ibid., 85.
78
Youngblood, “Cultivating Identity,” 275, 319-20.
Youngblood, “Cultivating Identity,” 275, 319-20.
85
Inglis, “Night Riders,” 298, 302, 304.
Inglis, “Night Riders,” 298, 302, 304.
87
Personal communication from Stephen Inglis, January 8, 1987.
Personal communication from Stephen Inglis, January 8, 1987.
88
Inglis, “The Craft of the Velar,” 14-19.
Inglis, “The Craft of the Velar,” 14-19.
90
Lynn Hart, paper presented at the South Asian Conference at the University of Wisconsin at Madison, November 8, 1986.
Lynn Hart, paper presented at the South Asian Conference at the University of Wisconsin at Madison, November 8, 1986.
92
Brown, “Contested Meanings.”
Brown, “Contested Meanings.”
93
Vequaud, “The Colors of Devotion.”
Vequaud, “The Colors of Devotion.”
95
Ibid., 31-37.
Ibid., 31-37.
96
Ibid., 61-67; Szanton, “Mithila Painting: The Dalit Intervention.”
Ibid., 61-67; Szanton, “Mithila Painting: The Dalit Intervention.”
97
Ibid., 69-71.
Ibid., 69-71.
98
“Renuka’s Revenge,” Reuters report from Bangalore, March 7, 1995; “Naked Worshippers Lay Bare Dignity of Police and Press,”
Times
of London, March 15, 1986; cited in full in Doniger,
Splitting the Difference,
214-216.
“Renuka’s Revenge,” Reuters report from Bangalore, March 7, 1995; “Naked Worshippers Lay Bare Dignity of Police and Press,”
Times
of London, March 15, 1986; cited in full in Doniger,
Splitting the Difference,
214-216.
CHAPTER 25. INCONCLUSION, OR, THE ABUSE OF HISTORY
BIBLIOGRAPHY: WORKS CITED AND CONSULTED
SANSKRIT, GREEK, PALI, AND HINDI TEXTS, BY TITLEAdhyatma-Ramayana
, with the commentaries of Narottama, Ramavarman, and Gopala Chakravarti. Calcutta: Metropolitan Printing & Publishing House, 1935. Calcutta Sanskrit series, no. 11.
, with the commentaries of Narottama, Ramavarman, and Gopala Chakravarti. Calcutta: Metropolitan Printing & Publishing House, 1935. Calcutta Sanskrit series, no. 11.
Agni Purana
. Poona: Anandasrama Sanskrit Series, 1957.
. Poona: Anandasrama Sanskrit Series, 1957.
Aitareya Brahamana
, with the commentary of Sayana. Calcutta: Bibliotheca Indica, 1895.
, with the commentary of Sayana. Calcutta: Bibliotheca Indica, 1895.
Anagatavamsa
of Kassapa. Ed. J. Minayeff.
Journal of the Pali Text Society
. London, 1886. Pp. 33-54.
of Kassapa. Ed. J. Minayeff.
Journal of the Pali Text Society
. London, 1886. Pp. 33-54.
Apastamba Dharma Sutra
. Ed. G. Bühler. Bombay: Bombay Sanskrit Series 44 and 50, 1892-94.
. Ed. G. Bühler. Bombay: Bombay Sanskrit Series 44 and 50, 1892-94.
Arthashastra
of Kautilya. Ed. and trans. R. P. Kangle. Vol. 1: text. Vol. 2: translation. Bombay: University of Bombay, 1960.
of Kautilya. Ed. and trans. R. P. Kangle. Vol. 1: text. Vol. 2: translation. Bombay: University of Bombay, 1960.
Atharva Veda,
with the commentary of Sayana. 5 vols. Hoshiarpur: Vishveshvaranand Vedic Research Institute, 1960.
with the commentary of Sayana. 5 vols. Hoshiarpur: Vishveshvaranand Vedic Research Institute, 1960.
Basava Purana
.
See
Narayana Rao.
.
See
Narayana Rao.
Baudhayana Dharma Sutra
. Ed. C. Sastri. Benares: Kashi Sanskrit Series 104, 1934.
. Ed. C. Sastri. Benares: Kashi Sanskrit Series 104, 1934.
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