The Illusion of Conscious Will (70 page)

Sherif, M., 188-189

Shimizu, A., 86

Shor, R. E., 115, 283

Short, P., 4, 5

Showalter, E., 281, 284

Sidis, B., 300

Siegel, B., 197

Siegel, R. K., 221

Silberman, E. K., 262

Silverberg, E. L., 296

Simeon, D., 254

Simmel, M., 16, 17

Simon, H. A., 67

Simons, R. C., 33

Simpson, R. L., 197

Singer, J. E., 329n, 331

Skinner, B. F., 324, 329n, 334

Sletten, I., 293

Smart, L., 162-164

Smyth, G. E., 40-41

Snyder, C. R., 56, 97

Snyder, M., 179, 192

Snyder, M. L., 186, 194

Sokolov, A. N., 44n

Solier, R. G., 72

Solomons, L. M., 9n, 105, 107

Spanos, N. P., 6, 66, 223, 238n, 248n,252, 286-287, 296, 298-299, 304

Sparrow, B., 80

Spelke, E. S., 107

Spellman, B. A., 307

Spence, S. A., 31, 54, 66, 89n

Sperry, R. W., 36, 182

Spiegel, D., 260, 304n, 305

Spinoza, B., 28

Spitz, H. H., 103n, 192

Stanislavski, C., 228

Starkstein, S., 4

Steele, C. M., 163

Stein, D. J., 254

Stein, G., 9n, 105, 107

Stenstrom, R. J., 296

Stephan, W. G., 186

Stephens, G. L., 86

Stern, J. A., 293

Stevenson, R. L., 255

Stillwell, F. A. M., 341

Stoller, P., 223

Stone, J., 174n

Stone, J. I., 181

Storms, M. D., 209

Stotland, E., 233

Stratton, G. M., 125

Strauss, J., 161n

Stuss, D. T., 30, 233, 234n

Suler, H. J., 229

Surman, O. S., 296

Sutcliffe, J. P., 256, 305

Swaminathan, S., 197

Swann, W., 194, 210, 254

Szechtman, H., 303

Szempruch, J., 197

Szulecka, T. K., 233

Tabachnik, N., 70, 80

Tanford, S., 195

Taylor, E., 131n

Taylor, M., 156, 225

Taylor, S. E., 17n, 208, 329n, 331,332

Taylor, W. S., 256, 262

Teasdale, N., 39

Tellegen, A., 283

Tesser, A., 167

Thigpen, C. H., 257

Thomason, S. G., 239

Thompson, S., 48

Thurber, J., 145

Tice, D. M., 13n, 92

Tillman, J. G., 262

Tranel, D., 327

Trezise, L., 162

Tucker, M. A., 123-124

Tulving, E., 265-266

Turkle, S., 228

Twachtman-Cullen, D., 197, 200-201

Twain, M., 319-322

Uleman, J. S., 26

Ulett, A., 293

Valins, S., 17n

Vallacher, R. R., 18, 67, 73, 79, 159-160, 161n, 254, 329n, 337

Valls-Sole, J., 47-49

van Knippenberg, A., 128, 164

Vazquez, M., 72

Veith, I., 106

Velmans, M., 56

Vendemia, J. M. C., 303

Victor, J. S., 260n

Vinokur, A., 307

Vogt, E. Z., 117-118, 136, 139

Voltaire, 323

von Holst, E., 36

Vygotsky, L. S., 153

Wadden, T. A., 293

Wafer, J., 243

Wagstaff, G. F., 304

Wandas, T., 197

Ward, W. C., 80

Washington, P., 102

Watters, E., 259, 260n

Watts, F. N., 162

Watzlawick, P., 210

Wayment, H. A., 332

Weary, G., 329n

Weekes, J. R., 6, 287, 304

Wegner, D. M., 4, 7, 9n, 18, 54, 57,64, 67, 69, 72-80, 88, 94, 97, 116,139-142, 159-164, 201-202, 205, 209, 213-216, 232, 254,294-295, 310-311, 314, 334, 337, 325n, 329n

Weiner, B., 17n, 329n

Weiskrantz, L., 49

Weitzenhoffer, A. M., 283

Welch, K., 45

Welch, L., 32n

Wellman, H. M., 23-24, 152n, 155

Wenzlaff, R., 88, 139, 162, 294, 311

Werner, H., 24

West, J., 122-123, 129

Wheatley, T., 64, 69, 74-77, 334

Wheeler, D. L., 197

White, T., 141

Whorf, B. L., 210

Whyte, L. L., 131n

Wick, W., 74

Wicklund, R. A., 65, 167, 173n, 175,209

Wilkes, K. V., 223, 258, 264n

Williams, K., 113

Willingham, D. B., 261

Wilson, L., 295

Wilson, T. D., 58, 67, 94, 181

Wimmer, H., 155

Winerman, L., 80

Winkleman, M., 252

Winter, A., 280, 335

Wittgenstein, L., 12n

Wittrock, D., 197

Wolpert, D. M., 170

Wood, R., 160n

Woodruff, G. G., 23, 152n

Woody, E. Z., 293, 301, 303, 311

Woolley, J. D., 225

Wortman, C. B., 330

Wright, E. W., 52, 54

Wright, J. W., 228

Wundt, W., 271

Yost, C. S., 112n

Young, A. W., 234

Young, M. E., 70, 307

Young, P. C., 290

Zaidel, E., 6

Zaidel, W., 6

Zajonc, R. B., 58

Zamansky, H. S., 295-296

Zanakos, S., 141

Zanna, M. P., 179

Zeigarnik, B., 166

Zelazo, P. D., 152

Ziehen, T., 65

Zimbardo, P. G., 214, 284

Zivin, G., 44n, 153

Zuzne, L., 114

Subject Index

Accessibility, 162-164

Action identification, 18-19,159-161

Action projection, 187-220.
See also
Authorship

Activation, 162-164

Agentive presence, 148-149

Alien hand syndrome, 4-6, 9, 106

Amplification, 135-136

Animism, 23

Anthropomorphism, 225

Apparent mental causation, 64-67, 69, 96, 144.
See also
Consistency, principle of; Exclusivity, principle of; Priority principle

and authorship, 187

causal path, 67-68

and intent, 165

and hypnosis, 273

and outside agency, 223

previews, importance of, 97-98

Aristotle

and identity, 264n

on spirit possession, 223

Artificial intelligence, 147

Attribution, 66, 208-209

Atun-Re, 239

Auditory hallucinations, 84-89

Authorship, 187-188, 211-212

belief, role of, 207

collaboration, estimate of, 220

emotion, 325-328

and group will, 212-215, 216

in interpersonal relationships, 210,215-216

loss of, 188-189

and outside agency, 223

and self-fulfilling prophecy, 193-194

in social interaction, 208-209

and stereotyping, 194

stimulation, estimate of, 219

and subliminal stimuli, 209

and unconscious behavior, 218-219

Autism, 25

Autokinetic effect, 188-189

Automatic processes, 9, 56-58

Automatic writing, 103-106

and expectant attention, 133

lack of consciousness, 108

under hypnosis, 284

and limb anesthesia, 106

and movement confusion, 107

planchette, use of, 103

Automatisms, 9, 11, 99- 100, 102, 130-131, 164

desire to perform, 137-138

and dissociation, 131-133

expectant attention, 133-135

and hypnosis, 272

ironic effects, 139

and movement confusion, 135-137

odd person theory, 131-132

outside agency, attribution to, 142-143

social magnification, 112

Automatograph, 123-124

Bambi, 233

Barbie, 239

Beauchamp, Christine, 255,257-258, 262

Behaviorism, 324

Belief, 18, 199

Bergen, Edgar, 221-222, 223

Brain stimulation, 45-49

Capgras’ syndrome, 233

Carrie
, 63

Causal agency, 15, 20, 24.
See also
Apparent mental causation; Mind perception

belief, role of, 18

desire, role of, 18-19

development in children, 22-24

and dogs, 16-17

geometric objects, attribution to, 16-17

intention, role of, 18, 20, 66, 68

and magic, 26-27

Causality, perception of, 64-66, 69-71.
See also
Apparent mental Causation

in objects, 13

Channeling, 236-239, 242.
See also
Spirit mediums

how-to guides, 240-241

linguistic analysis, 239-240

Chevreul pendulum.
See
Pendulum

Children and intent development, 22-23

and false belief, 155

and nonsocial speech, 153

and postaction intent, 153-154

and reaching toward objects, 152

Clever hands experiment, 201-207.
See also
Facilitated communication

action projection in, 203

Clever Hans, 189-192

Cognitive dissonance, 146, 172-174

fait accompli
effects, 175

as revision of intent, 174

Collaboration fiction, 220

Complex motor tics, 91

Conation, 12

Confabulation of intention, 171-184

Conscious mind, 11

Conscious will.
See
Will

Consistency, principle of, 78-90, 112, 140.
See also
Creative insight; Helping hands experiment

and chance events, 80

and inconsistent thoughts, 88 (
see also
Schizophrenia, andauditory hallucinations)

and Ouija board, 112

and thought suppression, 88-89

Corollary discharge, 36

Creative insight, 81

and sense of effortlessness, 82

and lack of will, 83-84

Current act register, 167

Deep cognitive activation, 163-164

Defensive rationalization, 151

Deindividuation, 214

Depersonalization, 254

Desire, 19

Development of intention, 151-156

Diets, 20

Dissociation, 131, 284

Dissociative Experiences Sc

Dissociative identity disorder, 222, 223, 255-258

as cultural construction, 259

development of, 262-263

evidence for, 260-261

and hypnosis, 272, 284

Divining.
See
Dowsing

Dowsing, 100, 116-117

and expectant attention, 133

L-rod, use of, 118-119, 135-136

and mind-reading, 120

and movement confusion, 118, 135-136

and outside agency, 120

Dr. Strangelove
, 4-5

Dreams, 229-230

Dungeons and Dragons
, 228

Ear wiggling, 31-14

Echolalia, 196

Effector, 147

Efference copy, 36

Effort, 36

Einstein, Albert, 321

and creative insight, 83

and determinism, 333

and illusion of will, 342

Empathy, 233

Episodic memory, 265-266

Exclusivity, principle of, 90-95

and group action, 93, 94

and habit, 92

and hypnosis, 308

and impulsivity, 91

and Ouija board, 112

and self-control, 92-93

and spirit possession, 94-95

Executive control, 30

Facial expressions, 33-35

Facilitated communication, 195-201

challenge to, 197-198

desire, role of, 200

and exclusivity principle, 199

explanation for, 198-199

ironic effects, 204-205

outside agent, attribution to,199-200

Fait accompli
effects, 175, 180

Faith healers, 281

False belief situation, 155

Feeling of doing, 4, 11, 29, 44, 49

Foot in the door, 274

Free will vs. determinism, 26

classic argument, 318-322

as false dichotomy, 322

Free willer, 322-324

Fregoli syndrome, 233

Freud, Sigmund

and hypnotic susceptibility, 284

and hysteria, 131, 281

and posthypnotic suggestion, 151

and seduction theory, 262

and unconscious mind, 162

Frontal lobe damage, 30-31, 122

Full cognitive activation, 163

Glossolalia, 222.
See also
Speaking in tongues

Goal seeking, 16, 20-21

God as ideal agent, 148

Group will, 212-215, 216

Helping hands experiment, 80-81

Hidden observer, 298-299

Human action, basic conditions of, 8-11

Hypnosis

and apparent mental causation, 305-306

experience of, 285-287

faking theories, 303-305

induction, 273-278, 285

involuntariness, feeling of, 6, 9, 306-307, 309-310

and ironic processes, 311

and memory retrieval, 295-296

and mental control, 293-294

and mimicry of psychopathology, 284

and obedience, 290-291

origins of, 274-281

and pain control, 293

and past lives, 231-232, 293

and personality correlates, 283-284

posthypnotic suggestion, 149

rapid reinduction, 281-282

and self-induction theory, 305

and social influence, 288-293,313-315

on the stage, 272, 282

susceptibility, 283, 285

trance theories, 300-302, 305

and wart control, 295-296

Hysteria, 131, 284-285

I Spy
experiment, 74-78, 93, 334

Ideal of conscious agency, 146.
See also
Intention

and confabulation, 145-147

construction of ideal agent,147-149

and manufacturing intent, 179-181

and memory for intent (
see
Prospective memory; Retrospective memory; Synchronous memory)

and posthypnotic suggestion,149-151

and split brain patients, 181-184

Identity.
See
Subjective self

Ideomotor action, 100, 120-121

and absentmindedness, 121

and automatograph, 122-124

and EMG, 124-125

and frontal lobe damage, 122

and intent (lack of), 129-130

and mimicry, 126-128

and muscle reading, 125-126

and stereotype priming, 128-129

Illusion of control, 9-10

and social influence, 10-11

Imaginary agents, 224-235.
See also
Virtual agents

Imaginary companions, 225

Implicit memory, 261