The Illusion of Conscious Will (71 page)

Inaction fiction, 218

Intention, 18-20, 154.
See also
Children and development of intent

memory, 166-171

and misperception, 185-186

and post-action invention, 145-146, 149-151

Intentional exclusion, 139

Intentional stance, 25

Interpreter, left brain, 181-184

Involuntariness, feeling of, 6, 9, 306-307, 309-310

Ironic process of mental control, 116, 310-311

Jekyll and Hyde, 255-256

King, B. B., 83

Knew-it-all-along effect, 156

Kreskin (the Amazing), 125

Launching effect, 70-71

Left-brain interpreter theory, 146

Low-ball sales technique, 275

Lucid dreaming, 229

Magic, 26

Mechanistic approach, 1-2, 21, 26

Memory

continuity, 264-268

episodic, 265-266

in hypnosis, 295-296

implicit, 261

for intention, 166-171

prospective, 166-167

retrospective (
see
Retrospective memory)

semantic, 265-266

source, 231

synchronous (
see
Synchronous memory)

Mental explanatory system, 21-22, 26

Mesmerism, 278-281

Mimicry, 127-128

Mind perception, 24, 146, 152

in autism, 25

intentional stance, 25

Mind reading, 112

Mindblindness, 25

Misdirection, 135

Monroe, Marilyn, 222

Morality, 334-341

Motor tics, 91

Movement confusion, 135-137

Movement potential, 50

MUDs, 228

Multiple personality disorder.
See
Dissociative identity disorder

Murphy, Bridey, 231

Muscle reading, 125-126

Muscle sense, 36-39

Nervous tics, 87

Obedience, 94, 291-292

Obscured monitoring, 135-136

Odd person theory, 131, 132

Open head studies, 45-46

Operating systems, 268-269

Other minds, 11

Ouija board, 100, 108-111, 138.
See also
I Spy experiment

and coaction, 93, 112

and desire, 138

and expectant attention, 133

outside agency, attribution to, 113, 120, 188

and preview neglect, 113

Outside agency, 142-143, 199

Pendulum, 100, 113

and answering questions, 114

expectation and unintentional movement, 115

ironic effect of, 116

and movement confusion, 135-136

Perceived control, 329-331

Personal causation, 17

Phantom limb, 40-44, 60

Phenomenism, 79

Phenomenon
, 63

Placebo effect, 282

Planchette, 103, 105

Plans, 19

Positive illusion, 332-333

Possession.
See
Spirit possession

Posthypnotic suggestion, 149-151

Preconscious mental processes, 57-58

Presley, Elvis, 239

Priority principle, 70-78.
See also
I Spy
experiment

and expectant attention, 134

and optimum timing, 72

Prisoners of Silence
, 206

Processor, 147

Prospective memory, 166-167

Psychological mechanisms, 1-2, 21, 26

Punctuation of interaction, 210

Radiesthesia, 114

Random answering, 204

Reaction fiction, 218

Readiness, 162

Readiness potential, 50-55

Reality cues, 229-230

emotional impact, 232-233

perceptual detail, 230-231, 232

uncontrollability, 234-235, 333

Resistance, 139-142

Responsibility, 334-341

Retrospective memory, 166, 170

and invention of intent, 171 (
see also
Cognitive dissonance; Self-perception)

and revision of intent, 180-181

Robotics, laws of, 339

Role playing, 228

Ruth, Babe, 239

Schizophrenia

and auditory hallucinations, 84-88

and motor control, 89-90

Schneiderian symptoms, 85

and synchronous memory impairment, 168-170

Self-consciousness, 65

Self-efficacy

and treatment of phobias, 331-332

Self-fulfilling prophecy, 192

Self-induction theory, 252-254, 305

Self-perception, 146, 175-176

and amnesia for preaction intent, 178

and privileged access, 176

and observation of self and others, 177

Semantic memory, 265-266

Sensor, 147

Sequential agreement, 274-275

Slip of the tongue, 87

Simple motor tics, 91

Smiles, genuine vs. fake, 34-35

Social magnification of automatism, 112

Somatic marker, 326

Somnambulism, 286

Source memory, 231

Speaking in tongues, 222, 247-248, 251

Speech mediation theory, 153

Spirit mediums, 236-242

Spirit possession, 222-223, 242

and belief, 246

in the Bible, 242

experience of, 249-251

and hypnosis, 272, 284

motivating factors, 246

in non-Western cultures, 243-246

and rhythm, 246, 248

and ritual, 246-247

and self-induction theory, 252-253

and social interaction, 246, 249

and Susto (loss of self), 254

Spirit rappings, 101

Spiritualist movement, 100.
See also
Automatisms

and trickery, 101-102

Split brain, 182

Springsteen, Bruce, 328

Stereotype priming, 128-129

Stimulation fiction, 219

Stimulus contingency, 70

Stroke, experience of, 38-39

Subjective self

as knower, 254-255

and memory continuity, 264-268

Subliminal priming, 209

Surface cognitive activation, 163

Susto, 254

Svengali, 290

Sybil
, 257, 260, 262

Synchronous memory, 166-167, 170

impairment in schizophrenia, 168-170

Table turning, 7-9, 100

and co-action, 93

and expectant attention, 133

and outside agency, 188

Thermostat, 147-148

Thought suppression, 88, 139

Three Faces of Eve
, 257, 259, 260,262

Tooth fairy, 225

Trance channeling, 238-242

Transcranial magnetic stimulation, 47-49

Trilby
, 290

Umbanda Pura ceremony, 244-245

Unconscious action, 156-158.
See also
Action identification

accessibility to consciousness, 162

deep activation, 163-164

full activation, 163-164

and mental representation, 158

as readiness for consciousness, 162

surface activation, 163, 164

Unconscious mental processes, 67

Unconscious mimicry, 126

Unintended behaviors, 145-146.

See also
Ideal of conscious

agency

Utilization behavior, 122

Ventriloquism, 221-222

Virtual agents, 224, 269-270.
See also
Channeling; Reality cues; Spirit possession

and anthropomorphism, 225-226

imaginary playmates, 225

and imagined roles, 227-228

and method acting, 228

and misidentification syndromes, 233-234

and operating systems, 268-269

and role-play in gaming, 228-229

and source memory, 231-232

Volition.
See
Will, force of

Voluntary action, 29-30, 35.
See also
Will, experience of

and automatic processing,57-59, 97

and ear wiggling, 31-34

and facial expression, 33-35

and frontal lobe damage, 30

learning, effect of, 33

mental effort of, 44

and mirror neurons, 44

nature of, 35-36

and phantom limbs, 40-44, 60

and reaction times, 56

and readiness potential, 50-55, 59

and visual feedback, 38-39, 41-44

Voodoo death, 288-289

Waterman, Ian, 37

We-feeling, 94, 213

Will

as accounting system, 327-328

and achievement, 328-329

as authorship emotion, 325, 327

as cognitive feeling, 326

as a compass, 317-318

and crime, 337-338

empirical, 14-15, 28, 327

experience of, 2-4, 6-11, 60, 96 (
see also
Voluntary action)

force of, 3, 12, 14-15

intuition of, 2, 15

and the legal system, 335-336, 338,340

and moral responsibility, 334, 341

phenomenal, 14-15, 28

and psychological health, 332-334

and religion, 335-336

and robots, 320, 339-340

as somatic marker, 326

Willing game, 126

Willpower, 92.
See also
Will, force of

Y-rod, 116-120

Zeigarnik effect, 166-167, 169

Table of Contents

Coverpage

Halftitle

Title

Copyright

Dedication

Contents

Preface

The Illusion of Conscious Will

1 The Illusion

Conscious Will

The Experience of Conscious Will

The Force of Conscious Will

Mind Perception

Causal Agency

Mechanisms and Minds

The Illusion Exposed

2 Brain and Body

Where There’s a Will

Voluntary and Involuntary Systems

Sensing Effort

Phantom Limbs

Brain Stimulation

When There’s a Will

Lifting a Finger

Acting Quickly

The Missing Lightbulb

3 The Experience of Will

A Theory of Apparent Mental Causation

The Priority Principle

The Window of Time

The I Spy Study

The Consistency Principle

Causes Should Relate to Effects

Creative Insight

Hearing Voices

The Exclusivity Principle

Internal Alternatives to Intention

External Alternatives to Intention

Perception and Reality

4 An Analysis of Automatism

The Classic Automatisms

Automatic Writing

Ouija Board

Chevreul Pendulum

Dowsing

Ideomotor Action

Conditions of Automatism

Dissociative Personality

Expectant Attention

Movement Confusion

Desire for Automatism

Resistance to Action

Potential Outside Agency

The Rule and the Exception