The Last Empire (90 page)

    
SALT II,
6

    
Soviet republics and new union,
41
,
48
,
49
,
61–62
,
134
,
136–137
,
144
,
162
,
163
,
184
,
185
,
219
,
220–223
,
248–251
,
264
,
281

    
START I,
4
,
9
,
15
,
17
,
20–23
,
47

    
START II,
211

    
See also
NATO
; specific treaties

Truman, Harry,
330
,
331

Tsereteli, Zurab,
338

Turkmenistan,
192
,
249

    
CIS and,
322
,
352–353

    
gas in,
353

    
new union treaty and,
264

    
Niyazov and,
224
,
352–353

    
population,
353

    
U.S. and,
382

Tutwiler, Margaret,
328

Udovenko, Hennadii,
265

Ukraine,
10
,
112
,
192

    
Almaty summit and,
358–359
,
362–364

    
Belavezha Agreement and,
298
,
299–301
,
303–310
,
312–316
,
320
,
324

    
borders,
172
,
176

    
Bush, George H. W., Kyiv and,
47–53
,
55
,
57–59
,
60–69
,
165–166

    
Chernobyl nuclear catastrophe and,
55
,
62

    
CIS and,
358–359

    
with commerce and investment,
208

    
coup d'état of August 1991 and,
155–162
,
169

    
Crimea transfer from Russia to,
176–177
,
280–281

    
economic treaty between Russia and,
206

    
electoral democracy in,
xviii

    
Great Ukrainian Famine of 1932–33,
401

    
Jews in,
285–286

    
most-favored-nation trade status and,
62

    
NATO and,
406

    
new union treaty and,
162
,
184
,
222–223
,
295–296
,
303
,
304–305

    
nuclear disarmament and,
363
,
371

    
as nuclear republic,
xix

    
as nuclear-free state,
265
,
287

    
Orange Revolution of 2004 and,
407

    
population,
xvii
,
62–63

    
post-Soviet space and influence of,
328
,
407

    
referendum in,
275–294
,
303–304
,
399
,
402

    
religion in,
286

    
Rukh and,
59–61
,
63–64
,
67–68
,
156
,
160–161
,
178
,
179–180
,
266
,
278
,
285–286
,
304

    
Russia and relations with,
xx
,
xxii
,
172
,
175–182

    
sovereignty and,
37
,
48–50
,
53–54
,
57
,
59–62
,
64–65
,
153–155
,
163–182
,
184
,
187
,
206–207
,
255–256
,
258–270
,
272–274
,
275–294
,
295–297
,
299
,
303–304
,
363–364
,
402

    
Soviet military in,
286–287

    
with Ukrainian American support,
52
,
64–65
,
206
,
261
,
265–267
,
292

    
Ukrainian military and,
289–291
,
362

    
UN and,
393

    
U.S. and,
359
,
382

    
USSR membership and,
48–49
,
50
,
52

    
See also
Kravchuk, Leonid

Ukrainian Weekly
(Ukrainian American newspaper),
261
,
266
,
279
,
292

UN.
See
United Nations

Union of Sovereign States,
251

United Nations (UN),
62
,
104
,
110
,
112
,
185
,
237

    
Security Council,
357
,
371

    
Stalin and,
393

United States (U.S.)

    
Armenia and,
382

    
Azerbaijan and,
382

    
Baltic republics and,
191
,
192–198

    
Belarus and,
382

    
CIS and reaction of,
322
,
323–324
,
327–333
,
335–343
,
348

    
Cold War and,
192
,
381
,
389–390
,
391–392
,
408

    
coup d'état of August 1991 and reaction of,
74–77
,
81
,
105–108
,
114–115
,
200

    
covert operations led by,
123–124
,
369

    
with economic aid,
202–203
,
237
,
329
,
331–332

    
economy,
331

    
with efforts to prevent Soviet Union's collapse,
xiv–xvi
,
xx
,
xxii
,
10
,
73
,
78–79
,
123–124
,
205–209
,
211
,
381
,
404

    
Georgia and,
382

    
as global power,
xvi
,
xvii
,
374

    
Gorbachev and support from,
xiv–xv
,
xx
,
xxi
,
10
,
200

    
with Gorbachev's resignation,
379–383

    
with humanitarian aid,
206
,
207
,
237
,
329
,
331
,
340
,
341
,
347
,
371

    
Israel and,
233

    
Kazakhstan and,
346–349
,
351
,
382

    
Kyrgyzstan and,
345–346
,
382

    
Middle East and,
232–233

    
military service of Bush, George H. W.,
191–192

    
Moldova and,
382

    
with most-favored-nation trade status,
21
,
62

    
official stance on Soviet Union's collapse,
xiii–xiv
,
76–77
,
328–329
,
379
,
380–381
,
389–390

    
Russia in post-Soviet space with support from,
xv

    
Soviet relations with,
78
,
199–206
,
208
,
232
,
234–235
,
237
,
238–239
,
337–338
,
379
,
404
,
407

    
Tajikstan and,
382

    
technical aid from,
194
,
341
,
347

    
Turkmenistan and,
382

    
Ukraine and,
359
,
382

    
Ukrainian Americans in,
52
,
64–65
,
206
,
261
,
265–267
,
292

    
Ukrainian sovereignty and,
259–262
,
263–270

    
Uzbekistan and,
382

    
wiretapping by,
123–124

    
Yeltsin, Boris, on,
42

Urals,
27

“Uzbek Case” (“Cotton Case”),
353–355

Uzbekistan

    
CIS and,
322
,
345
,
353–356

    
corruption in,
353–355

    
cotton in,
354–355
,
356

    
economic reform and,
230

    
Karimov and,
230
,
345
,
353
,
355–356
,
366
,
396

    
new union treaty and,
264

    
population,
353

    
sovereignty and,
173

    
U.S. and,
382

Varennikov, Valentin,
81
,
85
,
119
,
154–156
,
157
,
286
,
400

Vienna,
32

Vigranskaia, Anatolii,
80

Vigranskaia, Irina,
80
,
82
,
133
,
385

Vikulina, Tamara,
81

Vinnytsia,
293

Violence

    
border,
50–51
,
194

    
CIS and territorial,
360
,
361

    
Operation Thunder and,
119–120

    
sovereignty demonstrations and,
38–39
,
117

Voice of America (VOA),
115–116
,
161

Volhynia,
280

Voshchanov, Pavel,
178
,
179
,
181–182
,
282

    
Chechnia and,
247

    
sovereignty and,
176–177

    
on Yeltsin,
213

Vremia
(Time),
99
,
157

Washington, D.C.,
xix

“We Welcome the Fall of the Empire” (Afanasiev and Bonner),
178

Weapons of mass destruction,
408

Weinstein, Allen,
113

Wilder, Thornton,
210

Wiretapping

    
by Soviet Union,
84
,
88–89

    
by U.S.,
123–124