The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn (82 page)
Read The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn Online
Authors: Eric Ives
63
Cal. S. P. Span., 1531-33
, pp. 556-7
[LP,
v.1579].
Cal. S. P. Span., 1531-33
, pp. 556-7
[LP,
v.1579].
64
This is the probability; Anne had conceived by the beginning or at least the middle of December; see p. 170.
This is the probability; Anne had conceived by the beginning or at least the middle of December; see p. 170.
1
Cranmer,
Letters
, p. 246.
Cranmer,
Letters
, p. 246.
2
LP
, vi.230, 242.
LP
, vi.230, 242.
3
Cal. S. P. Span.
,
1531-33,
pp. 609, 625 [LP, vi.180, 296];
Cal. S. P. Ven., 1527-33, 870.
Cal. S. P. Span.
,
1531-33,
pp. 609, 625 [LP, vi.180, 296];
Cal. S. P. Ven., 1527-33, 870.
4
For the following see
LP
, v.1685;
Cal. S. P. Span., 1531-33
, pp. 566-7 [
LP
, v.1633].
For the following see
LP
, v.1685;
Cal. S. P. Span., 1531-33
, pp. 566-7 [
LP
, v.1633].
5
Cal.
S. P.
Ven., 1527-33,
846; MacCulloch,
Cranmer,
pp. 75-8, 83-6; Ridley,
Cranmer,
pp. 52-3. Cranmer may have been approached prior to Warham’s death.
Cal.
S. P.
Ven., 1527-33,
846; MacCulloch,
Cranmer,
pp. 75-8, 83-6; Ridley,
Cranmer,
pp. 52-3. Cranmer may have been approached prior to Warham’s death.
6
Lehmberg,
Reformation Parliament
, pp. 161, 168.
Lehmberg,
Reformation Parliament
, pp. 161, 168.
7
Cal. S. P. Span.
,
1531-33,
pp. 598- 600, 602 [
LP
, vi.142, 160].
Cal. S. P. Span.
,
1531-33,
pp. 598- 600, 602 [
LP
, vi.142, 160].
8
Ibid., p. 602 [
LP
, vi.160]. Chapuys seems to have believed that what was being proposed was a bill to approve the marriage to Anne.
Ibid., p. 602 [
LP
, vi.160]. Chapuys seems to have believed that what was being proposed was a bill to approve the marriage to Anne.
9
Friedmann,
Anne Boleyn
, i.189 n.2, 190 n.1.
Friedmann,
Anne Boleyn
, i.189 n.2, 190 n.1.
10
Cal. S. P. Span
.,
1531-33, p.
617
[LP,
vi.212].
Cal. S. P. Span
.,
1531-33, p.
617
[LP,
vi.212].
11
Ibid., p. 618 [
LP
, vi.235]; Lehmberg,
Reformation Parliament,
pp. 174-8. Cranmer presided at Convocation for the first time on 1 April but appears to have been preparing the divorce for some weeks previously: MacCulloch,
Cranmer,
pp. 84-9.
Ibid., p. 618 [
LP
, vi.235]; Lehmberg,
Reformation Parliament,
pp. 174-8. Cranmer presided at Convocation for the first time on 1 April but appears to have been preparing the divorce for some weeks previously: MacCulloch,
Cranmer,
pp. 84-9.
12
The annulment of Katherine’s marriage postdated the public recognition of Anne, and was achieved at an archiepiscopal court at Dunstable, 10-23 May. It was followed on 28 May by a hearing which confirmed the legality of the union already effected between Anne and Henry.
The annulment of Katherine’s marriage postdated the public recognition of Anne, and was achieved at an archiepiscopal court at Dunstable, 10-23 May. It was followed on 28 May by a hearing which confirmed the legality of the union already effected between Anne and Henry.
13
Cal. S. P. Span
.,
1531-33
, p. 625 [
LP
, vi.296].
Cal. S. P. Span
.,
1531-33
, p. 625 [
LP
, vi.296].
14
Ibid., p. 629
[LP,
vi.324].
Ibid., p. 629
[LP,
vi.324].
15
5 Ibid., p. 643
[LP,
vi.351];
Cal. S. P.
hen.,
1527 33,
870.
5 Ibid., p. 643
[LP,
vi.351];
Cal. S. P.
hen.,
1527 33,
870.
16
Wriothesley states that Anne was proclaimed queen at Greenwich, but it is not clear whether he meant publicly or to the court. There is a similar crux about the proclamation of Jane Seymour, though his references to Katherine Howard and Katherine Parr suggest the latter:
Chronicle,
i.17, 44, 122, 143. Philip and Mary were publicly proclaimed on 25 July after their marriage at Winchester [ibid., ii.121] and also in London on 1 Aug., but Philip was not merely a consort:
Diary of Henry Machin,
ed. J. G. Nichols (Camden Society, 42, 1848), p. 67.
Wriothesley states that Anne was proclaimed queen at Greenwich, but it is not clear whether he meant publicly or to the court. There is a similar crux about the proclamation of Jane Seymour, though his references to Katherine Howard and Katherine Parr suggest the latter:
Chronicle,
i.17, 44, 122, 143. Philip and Mary were publicly proclaimed on 25 July after their marriage at Winchester [ibid., ii.121] and also in London on 1 Aug., but Philip was not merely a consort:
Diary of Henry Machin,
ed. J. G. Nichols (Camden Society, 42, 1848), p. 67.
17
Parliament was prorogued by commission on 4 Nov., on the excuse of the king’s absence in Calais; that problem had been realized in July, but the decision to prorogue was only taken during the week before 2 Oct.:
LP,
v. 1187, 1406, 1514-15, 1518. The alleged reason would have justified a brief prorogation (the Calais meeting was over by 29 Oct.), but hardly for three months. Plague was possibly a factor. Lehmberg,
Reformation Parliament
, p. 217. An understanding with France had been reached by 1 Sep.:
LP,
v.1292.
Parliament was prorogued by commission on 4 Nov., on the excuse of the king’s absence in Calais; that problem had been realized in July, but the decision to prorogue was only taken during the week before 2 Oct.:
LP,
v. 1187, 1406, 1514-15, 1518. The alleged reason would have justified a brief prorogation (the Calais meeting was over by 29 Oct.), but hardly for three months. Plague was possibly a factor. Lehmberg,
Reformation Parliament
, p. 217. An understanding with France had been reached by 1 Sep.:
LP,
v.1292.
18
Cal. S
.
P Span.
,
1531-33, p.
699 [
LP
, vi 556].
Cal. S
.
P Span.
,
1531-33, p.
699 [
LP
, vi 556].
19
Ibid., p. 405 [
LP
, v.850]. G. Redworth is unwilling to see any political significance:
Church Catholic
, pp. 41-2. Yet though Norfolk and Gardiner had different motivation, each loathed the implications of the Supplication: ‘misery acquaints a man with strange bedfellows.’
Ibid., p. 405 [
LP
, v.850]. G. Redworth is unwilling to see any political significance:
Church Catholic
, pp. 41-2. Yet though Norfolk and Gardiner had different motivation, each loathed the implications of the Supplication: ‘misery acquaints a man with strange bedfellows.’
20
Ibid., pp. 476-7
[LP,
v.1131].
Ibid., pp. 476-7
[LP,
v.1131].
21
Ibid., p. 699 [LP, vi.556]. Chapuys’ report ‘that... the Lady taking a piece of material, as is the custom with pregnant women here to add to gowns which are too tight, her father said to her that she should take it out and thank God to find herself in such a condition’ is often interpreted as criticism of Anne by Wiltshire. The advice not to disguise the pregnancy only makes sense if interpreted as proposed. The alternative reading in Friedmann,
Anne Boleyn,
i.158 n.1, amounts to much the same.
Ibid., p. 699 [LP, vi.556]. Chapuys’ report ‘that... the Lady taking a piece of material, as is the custom with pregnant women here to add to gowns which are too tight, her father said to her that she should take it out and thank God to find herself in such a condition’ is often interpreted as criticism of Anne by Wiltshire. The advice not to disguise the pregnancy only makes sense if interpreted as proposed. The alternative reading in Friedmann,
Anne Boleyn,
i.158 n.1, amounts to much the same.
22
Cal. S. P. Span., 1531-33
, pp. 487-9 [
LP
, v.1202]; Starkey,
Six Wives
, pp. 454-5.
Cal. S. P. Span., 1531-33
, pp. 487-9 [
LP
, v.1202]; Starkey,
Six Wives
, pp. 454-5.
23
Cal.
S. P.
Ven.,
1527-33, 761; 25 Henry VIII, c.32; LP, v.1139(11), 1183, 657. This last should be dated post 8 June 1532, the date of the election of the abbot of Northampton: ibid., v.1139(23).
Cal.
S. P.
Ven.,
1527-33, 761; 25 Henry VIII, c.32; LP, v.1139(11), 1183, 657. This last should be dated post 8 June 1532, the date of the election of the abbot of Northampton: ibid., v.1139(23).
24
Cal. S. P. Ven., 1527-33,
792, 802;
Cal. S. P. Span.
,
1531-33,
pp. 509, 512, 613 [
LP,
v.1292, 1316; vi.212].
Cal. S. P. Ven., 1527-33,
792, 802;
Cal. S. P. Span.
,
1531-33,
pp. 509, 512, 613 [
LP,
v.1292, 1316; vi.212].
25
It is more likely that she was in her final illness. She died in June 1533; cf.
LP,
vi.693.
It is more likely that she was in her final illness. She died in June 1533; cf.
LP,
vi.693.
26
Vienna, Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv, England Korrespondenz Karton 5, Konvolut 1532, ff. 81-2; Friedmann,
Anne Boleyn,
i.159-61;
LP
, x.864.
Vienna, Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv, England Korrespondenz Karton 5, Konvolut 1532, ff. 81-2; Friedmann,
Anne Boleyn,
i.159-61;
LP
, x.864.
27
LP
, v.1524, 1679;
Cal. S. P. Span
.,
1531-33,
p. 986
[LP,
v.1256];
Cal.
S.
P. Ven., 1527-33
, 803, 811, 816.
LP
, v.1524, 1679;
Cal. S. P. Span
.,
1531-33,
p. 986
[LP,
v.1256];
Cal.
S.
P. Ven., 1527-33
, 803, 811, 816.
28
Ibid., 824; the Milanese envoy in France even called Anne ‘the king’s beloved wife’:
Cal. S. P. Milan,
ed. A. B. Hinds (1912), 900.
Ibid., 824; the Milanese envoy in France even called Anne ‘the king’s beloved wife’:
Cal. S. P. Milan,
ed. A. B. Hinds (1912), 900.
29
LP,
v.1538;
Cal. S. P. Ven., 1527-33
, 822; ibid.,
1534-54,
1035.
LP,
v.1538;
Cal. S. P. Ven., 1527-33
, 822; ibid.,
1534-54,
1035.
30
LP
, xiii(1), pp. 317-18.
LP
, xiii(1), pp. 317-18.
31
Cal. S. P. Span., 1531-33, p.
527
[LP,
v.1377].
Cal. S. P. Span., 1531-33, p.
527
[LP,
v.1377].
32
Ibid., p. 495 [
LP
, v.1256].
Ibid., p. 495 [
LP
, v.1256].
33
LP
, v.1538.
LP
, v.1538.
34
BL, Harleian MS 303, f. 1; cf. LP, v.1370(1).
BL, Harleian MS 303, f. 1; cf. LP, v.1370(1).
35
The patent was proclaimed by Gardiner.
The patent was proclaimed by Gardiner.
36
Friedmann,
Anne Boleyn,
i.162-3.
Friedmann,
Anne Boleyn,
i.162-3.
37
MacCulloch,
Cranmer,
pp. 76-7.
MacCulloch,
Cranmer,
pp. 76-7.
38
LP,
v.1493;
Cal. S. P. Span.
,
1531-33,
pp. 585, 599 [LP, vi.89, 142].
LP,
v.1493;
Cal. S. P. Span.
,
1531-33,
pp. 585, 599 [LP, vi.89, 142].
39
Ibid., 585-7 [
LP
, vi.89] ;
LP,
vi.91.
Ibid., 585-7 [
LP
, vi.89] ;
LP,
vi.91.
40
Cal
.
S. P. Span.
,
1531-33,
pp. 592-8 [
LP
, vi.142].
Cal
.
S. P. Span.
,
1531-33,
pp. 592-8 [
LP
, vi.142].
41
Ibid., p. 594 [LP, vi.142].
Ibid., p. 594 [LP, vi.142].
42
Sander,
Schism,
pp. 93-4; Harpsfield,
Pretended Divorce
, pp. 234-5; BL, Sloane MS 2495, ff. 13-14.
Sander,
Schism,
pp. 93-4; Harpsfield,
Pretended Divorce
, pp. 234-5; BL, Sloane MS 2495, ff. 13-14.
43
Harpsfield,
Pretended Divorce,
p. 235.
Harpsfield,
Pretended Divorce,
p. 235.
44
Cal. S
.
P. Span.
,
1531-33,
p. 608 [
LP
, vi.180]. Starkey, Six
Wives,
p. 475, has shown that Henry slipped away from Greenwich on 24th, spent the night at Whitehall and returned to Greenwich on the 25th.
Cal. S
.
P. Span.
,
1531-33,
p. 608 [
LP
, vi.180]. Starkey, Six
Wives,
p. 475, has shown that Henry slipped away from Greenwich on 24th, spent the night at Whitehall and returned to Greenwich on the 25th.
45
LP
, v. p. 327; vi. p. 14; Brereton,
Letters and Accounts
, pp. 243, 248.
LP
, v. p. 327; vi. p. 14; Brereton,
Letters and Accounts
, pp. 243, 248.
46
LP
, viii.121.
LP
, viii.121.
47
Pocock,
Records
, i.25.
Pocock,
Records
, i.25.
48
Elizabeth believed in a papal bull covering her mother’s marriage and set Matthew Parker to search for it. He at first reported no success, but later found ‘matter of that bull’ and sent William Cecil ‘some quires’: Parker,
Correspondence,
pp. 414, 420. Even Cranmer did not know the exact date of the marriage: ‘about St. Paul’s Day’.
Elizabeth believed in a papal bull covering her mother’s marriage and set Matthew Parker to search for it. He at first reported no success, but later found ‘matter of that bull’ and sent William Cecil ‘some quires’: Parker,
Correspondence,
pp. 414, 420. Even Cranmer did not know the exact date of the marriage: ‘about St. Paul’s Day’.
49
Seep. 184.
Seep. 184.
50
Hall,
Chronicle
, p. 794, gives St. Erkenwald’s Day, 14 Nov. 1532. On the date of a marriage ceremony c.25 Jan. 1533, Friedmann’s arguments
(Anne
Boleyn, ii.338-9) are conclusive.
Hall,
Chronicle
, p. 794, gives St. Erkenwald’s Day, 14 Nov. 1532. On the date of a marriage ceremony c.25 Jan. 1533, Friedmann’s arguments
(Anne
Boleyn, ii.338-9) are conclusive.
51
Sander,
Schism,
pp. 92-4.
Sander,
Schism,
pp. 92-4.
52
Kelly,
Matrimonial Trials,
p. 40n. I am pleased that this conjecture is now supported by MacCulloch,
Cranmer,
pp. 637-8.
Kelly,
Matrimonial Trials,
p. 40n. I am pleased that this conjecture is now supported by MacCulloch,
Cranmer,
pp. 637-8.
53
Scarisbrick,
Henry VIII,
pp. 305-7. Cf. Francis I’s complaint late in 1533, ‘as fast as I study to win the pope, ye study to lose him’:
LP
, vi.1427.
Scarisbrick,
Henry VIII,
pp. 305-7. Cf. Francis I’s complaint late in 1533, ‘as fast as I study to win the pope, ye study to lose him’:
LP
, vi.1427.
54
Original Letters
, ii.552-3.
Original Letters
, ii.552-3.
55
Cavendish,
Metrical Visions
, p. 41; cf. also BL, Sloane MS 2495, f. 2v.
Cavendish,
Metrical Visions
, p. 41; cf. also BL, Sloane MS 2495, f. 2v.
56
St. Pap.
vii. 454
[LP,
vi.438].
St. Pap.
vii. 454
[LP,
vi.438].
1
Cal
.
S
.
P. Ven., 1527-33,
878.
Cal
.
S
.
P. Ven., 1527-33,
878.
2
Hall,
Chronicle
, p. 798.
Hall,
Chronicle
, p. 798.
3
e.g.
LP
, vi.396.
e.g.
LP
, vi.396.
4
Ellis,
Letters
, 1 ii.32-3.
Ellis,
Letters
, 1 ii.32-3.
5
Edward Hall was one of the organizing committee [Kipling, in Civic
Ritual,
pp. 46-7], which makes his
Chronicle,
pp. 798-805, the most authoritative source. The following also relies on
The noble tryumphant coronacyon of Quene Anne,
Wynkyn de Worde (1533); Dublin, Trinity College MS 518, ff. 30-2; BL, Harleian MS 41
[LP,
vi.561, 601]; RO, PRO 31/8 ff. 50v-54 [
LP
, vi.585]; Spelman,
Reports
, i.68-70 [
LP
, vi.583]; Wriothesley,
Chronicle
, i.18-22;
Cal. S. P. Ven.
,
1527-33,
p. 912;
Ordinances for the Household
, pp. 123-211; LP, vi.396, 562-3, 584, 701; Cranmer,
Letters,
pp. 245-6; cf. Anglo,
Spectacle
, pp. 246-61.
Edward Hall was one of the organizing committee [Kipling, in Civic
Ritual,
pp. 46-7], which makes his
Chronicle,
pp. 798-805, the most authoritative source. The following also relies on
The noble tryumphant coronacyon of Quene Anne,
Wynkyn de Worde (1533); Dublin, Trinity College MS 518, ff. 30-2; BL, Harleian MS 41
[LP,
vi.561, 601]; RO, PRO 31/8 ff. 50v-54 [
LP
, vi.585]; Spelman,
Reports
, i.68-70 [
LP
, vi.583]; Wriothesley,
Chronicle
, i.18-22;
Cal. S. P. Ven.
,
1527-33,
p. 912;
Ordinances for the Household
, pp. 123-211; LP, vi.396, 562-3, 584, 701; Cranmer,
Letters,
pp. 245-6; cf. Anglo,
Spectacle
, pp. 246-61.
6
K. N. Palmer,
Ceremonial Barges on the River Thames
(1997), p. 5.
K. N. Palmer,
Ceremonial Barges on the River Thames
(1997), p. 5.
7
LP,
vi.563.
LP,
vi.563.
8
Dublin, Trinity College MS 518, f. 30v; Wriothesley,
Chronicle
, i.18.
Dublin, Trinity College MS 518, f. 30v; Wriothesley,
Chronicle
, i.18.
9
For Arundel and Saville, see
House of Commons
, i.337; iii.280.
For Arundel and Saville, see
House of Commons
, i.337; iii.280.
10
Wynkyn de Worde in
The noble tryumphant coronacyon
gives 46 names;
LP,
vi.563 gives a figure of 63.
Wynkyn de Worde in
The noble tryumphant coronacyon
gives 46 names;
LP,
vi.563 gives a figure of 63.
11
Also in securing exemptions; cf.
LP,
vi.746.
Also in securing exemptions; cf.
LP,
vi.746.
12
Cf. the engraving of Edward VI’s coronation procession after a lost fresco from Cowdray: Society of Antiquaries, London.
Cf. the engraving of Edward VI’s coronation procession after a lost fresco from Cowdray: Society of Antiquaries, London.
13
Actes de François Ier,
ii. 590, no. 6639.
Actes de François Ier,
ii. 590, no. 6639.
14
The procession was half a mile long: LP, vi.661.
The procession was half a mile long: LP, vi.661.
15
R. Marius,
Thomas More
(1985), pp. 438-40.
R. Marius,
Thomas More
(1985), pp. 438-40.
16
RO, PRO31/8 f. 51 [
LP
, vi.585].
RO, PRO31/8 f. 51 [
LP
, vi.585].
17
Cronica del Rey Enrico,
pp. 17-18 [
Chronicle
, ed. Hume, p. 14].
Cronica del Rey Enrico,
pp. 17-18 [
Chronicle
, ed. Hume, p. 14].
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