The Man Who Couldn’t Stop (33 page)

‘
lampreys
',
M. Stephenson-Jones
et al
., ‘Evolutionary Conservation of the Basal Ganglia as a Common Vertebrate Mechanism for Action Selection',
Current Biology
, 21 (2011), pp. 1081–91.

‘
Mr V
',
D.
Laplane
et al
., ‘Pure Psychic Akinesia with Bilateral Lesions of Basal Ganglia',
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry
, 47 (1984), pp. 377–85.

‘
whistle
',
Polak
et al
., ‘Compulsive Carnival Song Whistling Following Cardiac Arrest: A Case Study',
BMC Psychiatry
, 12 (2012).

‘
Pandas
',
S. Swedo
et al
., ‘Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated With Streptococcal Infections: Clinical Description of the First 50 Cases',
American Journal of Psychiatry
, 155 (2 February 1998), pp. 264–71.

‘
replacing the plasma
',
S. Perlmutter
et al
., ‘Therapeutic Plasma Exchange and Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Tic Disorders in Childhood',
The Lancet
, 354 (1999), pp. 1153–8.

‘
Disagreement
',
S. Swedo
et al
., ‘From Research Subgroup to Clinical Syndrome: Modifying the Pandas Criteria to Describe Pans',
Paediatrics and Therapeutics
, 2 (2012).

‘
green anoles
',
L. Baxter, ‘Basal Ganglia Systems in Ritualistic Social Displays: Reptiles and Humans; Function and Illness',
Physiology & Behavior
, 79 (2003), pp. 451–60.

‘
supported other research
',
N. Greenberg
et al
., ‘Role of the Paleostriatum in Species-Typical Display Behaviour of the Lizard (
Anolis carolinensis
)',
Brain Research,
172 (1979), pp. 229–41.

‘
something like this
',
D. Mataix-Cols and O. van den Heuvel, ‘Neuroanatomy of Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders', in G. Steketee,
The Oxford Handbook of Obsessive Compulsive and Spectrum Disorders
(Oxford University Press, 2012), pp. 126–7.

ELEVEN:
Daddy's little helper

‘
six hours
',
‘International Programme on Chemical Safety Poisons Information Monograph',
Pharmaceutical
, 177 (1997).

‘
Heroin
',
S. Everts, ‘Brain Barricade',
Chemical and Engineering News
(4 June 2007), pp. 33–6.

‘
gateway proteins
',
For overview see M. Alavijeh
et al
., ‘Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, the Blood-Brain Barrier and Central Nervous System Drug Discovery',
NeuroRx
,
2 (4) (2005), pp. 554–71.

‘
consistent picture
',
D. Dougherty
et al
., ‘Pharmacological Treatments for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder' in G. Steketee,
The Oxford Handbook of Obsessive Compulsive and Spectrum Disorders
(Oxford University Press, 2012), pp. 293–5.

‘
Guyotat
',
D. Healy,
The Psychopharmacologists
, vol. 3 (Arnold, 1998), pp. 40–45.

‘
table tennis
',
D
.
Healy,
The Psychopharmacologists
, vol. 2 (Arnold, 1998), pp. 412–15.

‘
Beaumont
',
D. Healy,
The Psychopharmacologists
, vol. 1 (Arnold, 1998), pp. 310–15.

‘
Rapoport
',
J. Rapoport,
The Boy Who Couldn't Stop Washing
(Penguin, 1991), p. 115.

‘
rapid relapse
',
D. Dougherty
et al
., ‘Pharmacological Treatments for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder' in G. Steketee,
The Oxford Handbook of Obsessive Compulsive and Spectrum Disorders
(Oxford University Press, 2012), pp. 296–7.

‘
serotonin hypothesis
',
For overview see D. Stein and N. Fineberg,
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
(Oxford University Press, 2007), pp. 18–19.

‘
PET
',
D. Perani
et al
., ‘In Vivo PET Study of 5HT(2A) Serotonin and D(2) Dopamine Dysfunction in Drug-Naïve Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder',
Neuroimage
,
42 (2008), pp. 306–14.

‘
glutamate
',
C. Pittenger
et al
., ‘Glutamate Abnormalities in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Neurobiology, Pathophysiology and Treatment',
Pharmacology and Therapeutics
,
132 (2011), pp. 314–32.

‘
squirts
',
C. Neill Epperson
et al
., ‘Intranasal Oxytocin in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder',
Biological Psychiatry
, 40 (1996), pp. 547–9.

‘
Turkey … measured as smaller
',
M. Atmaca
et al
., ‘Hippocampus and Amygdala Volumes in Patients with Refractory Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder',
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
,
32 (2008), pp. 1283–6.

TWELVE:
The helicopter view

‘
Solomon
',
V. LoLordo, ‘Experimental Psychologist Richard L. Solomon (1918–1995)',
APS Observer
,
9 (2) (1996).

‘
dogs
',
J. Abramowitz
et al
., ‘Exposure-Based Treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder' in G. Steketee,
Oxford Handbook of Obsessive Compulsive and Spectrum Disorders
(Oxford University Press, 2012), p. 323.

‘
semen
',
S. Rachman and R. Hodgson,
Obsessions and Compulsions
(Prentice Hall, 1980), p. 304.

‘
hamster
',
S. Rachman
et al.
,
‘The Treatment of Chronic Obsessive-Compulsive Neurosis',
Behaviour Research and Therapy
, 9 (1971), pp. 237–47.

‘
tamed
', J. Abramowitz, ‘Effectiveness of Psychological and Pharmacological Treatments for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Quantitative Review',
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
, 65 (1997), pp. 44–52.

‘
Simon
',
M. Williams
et al
., ‘Treatment of Sexual-Orientation Obsessions in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Exposure and Ritual Prevention',
Clinical Case Studies
,
10 (1) (2011), pp. 53–66.

‘
Meyer
',
R. Levy and V. Meyer, ‘Ritual Prevention in Obsessional Patients',
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine
, 64 (1971), pp. 1115–18.

‘
especially tolerant
',
D. Hezel
et al
., ‘Emotional Distress and Pain Tolerance in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder',
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
, 43 (2012), pp. 981–7.

‘
David
',
B. Bruce and V. Stevens, ‘AIDS-Related Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Treatment Dilemma',
Journal of Anxiety Disorders
, 6 (1992), pp. 79–88.

‘
meta-analysis
',
B. Olatunji
et al
., ‘Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Meta-analysis of Treatment Outcome and Moderators',
Journal of Psychiatric Research
, 47 (1) (2013), pp. 33–41.

‘
smart drugs
',
M. Norberg
et al
., ‘D-Cycloserine for Treatment Nonresponders with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Case Report',
Cognitive and Behavioral Practice
,
19 (2012), pp. 338–45.

‘
shows up
',
S. Vázquez Rivera
et al
., ‘Effects on the Brain of Effective Psychological Treatments for Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review',
Actas españolas de psiquiatría
, 38 (4) (2010), pp. 239–48.

THIRTEEN:
Long live lobotomy

‘
Mr V
',
P. Doshi, ‘Anterior Capsulotomy for Refractory OCD: First Case as per the Core Group Guidelines',
Indian Journal of Psychiatry
, 53 (2011), pp. 270–73.

‘
miner
',
M. Wainwright, ‘Snapshot Revisited: The Miner and the Copper',
The Guardian
(23 February 2009).

‘
my report
',
D. Adam, ‘Open Your Mind',
The Guardian
(11 November 2004).

‘
banned the surgery
',
N. Li
et al
., ‘Nucleus Accumbens Surgery for Addiction',
World Neurosurgery
,
80 (3) (2013), pp. S28.e9–S28.e19.

‘
doctor who treated
',
J. Harlow, ‘Recovery from the Passage of an Iron Bar Through the Head',
Bulletin of the Massachusetts Medical Society
, 2 (1868), p. 327.

‘
Burckhardt
',
S. Manjila
et al
., ‘Modern Psychosurgery Before Egas Moniz: A Tribute to Gottlieb Burckhardt',
Neurosurgery Focus
, 25 (2008), pp. 1–4.

‘
Pavlov
',
E. Reynolds, ‘The John Hughlings Jackson 1935 Centenary Congress Medal',
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry
, 76 (2005), pp. 858–9.

‘
sever pathways
',
G. Mashour
et al
., ‘Psychosurgery: Past, Present and Future',
Brain Research Reviews
, 48 (2005), pp. 409–19.

‘
quietly returned
',
E. Valenstein,
Great and Desperate Cures: The Rise and Decline of Psychosurgery and Other Radical Treatments for Mental Illness
(Basic Books, 1986), p. 112.

‘
roast a pig
',
J. Pressman,
Last Resort: Psychosurgery and the Limits of Medicine
(Cambridge University Press, 1998), pp. 83–4.

‘
400,000 patients
',
G. Mashour
et al
., ‘Psychosurgery: Past, Present and Future',
Brain Research Reviews
, 48 (2005), pp. 409–19.

‘
two years
',
B. Kopell and A. Rezai, ‘Psychiatric Neurosurgery: A Historical Perspective',
Neurosurgery Clinics of North America
, 14 (2003), pp. 181–97.

‘
defended them
',
J. Pressman,
Last Resort: Psychosurgery and the Limits of Medicine
(Cambridge University Press, 1998), p. 146.

‘The Lancet
',
‘
Prefrontal Leucotomy',
The Lancet
(5 July 1941), p. 13.

‘
Freeman alone
',
B. Kopell and A. Rezai, ‘Psychiatric Neurosurgery: A Historical Perspective',
Neurosurgery Clinics of North America
, 14 (2003), pp. 181–97.

‘
Iowa … 4-year-old
',
B.
Goodman,
The Lobotomist
, American Experience PBS Documentary (2008).

‘
shotgun
',
J
.
Pressman,
Last Resort: Psychosurgery and the Limits of Medicine
(Cambridge University Press, 1998), p. 342.

‘
Perón
',
D. Nijensohn
et al
., ‘New Evidence of Prefrontal Lobotomy in the Last Months of the Illness of Eva Perón',
World Neurosurgery
,
77 (3/4) (2012), pp. 583–90.

‘
published the results
',
‘Prefrontal Leucotomy: Report on 1000 Cases',
The Lancet
(15 February 1947), p. 265.

‘
Bristol
',
R. Hemphill, ‘Return of Virility After Prefrontal Leucotomy with Enlargement of Gonads',
The Lancet
(9 September 1944), pp. 345–6.

‘
Mary Lou Zimmerman
',
The court docket is a matter of public record and can be accessed online at
http://cpdocket.cp.cuyahogacounty.us/CV_CaseInformation_Docket.aspx?q=Rw1eHnTVIqL0oQenQx7mcg2
. Case was
Mary Lou and Sherman Zimmerman v. Cleveland Clinic Foundation
, Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Case No. CV-00-399411.

‘
in Germany
',
I. Rieber and V. Sigusch, ‘Psychosurgery on Sex Offenders and Sexual “Deviants” in West Germany',
Archives of Sexual Behaviour
, 8 (1979), pp. 523–7.

‘
Russian
',
N. Walsh, ‘Russia Bans Brain Surgery on Drug Addicts',
The Guardian
(9 August 2002), p. 12.

‘
obesity
',
‘
Stereotaxy for Obesity',
The Lancet
(4 May 1974), p. 867.

‘
editorial
',
Susanne Bejerot,
‘
Psychosurgery for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder – Concerns Remain',
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
, 107 (2003), pp. 241–3.

‘
rare analysis
',
C. Rück
et al
., ‘Capsulotomy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Long Term Follow-up of 25 Patients',
Archives of General Psychiatry
, 65 (8) (2008), pp. 914–22.

‘
Radano
',
freeofocd.com
and
http://www.ocfoundation.org/radano.aspx
.

‘
hopes to restart
',
S. Rasmussen, personal communication with the author (14 March 2013).

‘
Iran
',
S. Hosseini
et al
., ‘Suppression of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms After Head Trauma',
Case Reports in Medicine
(26 August 2012).