| 64. For the theory of the national convenant see Miller, From Colony To Province .
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| 65. The quotations are in Stoddard, Doctrine of Instituted Churches , 25-26, 27. See also 28-32.
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| 66. Stoddard, Safety of Appearing , 119-21; An Appeal To The Learned , 21, and passim .
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| 67. Stoddard, An Appeal To The Learned , 21-22.
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| 68. Ibid . For Mather's views about saints and sinners in the land, see above, Chapter 6.
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| 69. Increase Mather, Dissertation Wherein The Strange Doctrine , 85, asks "But would he [Stoddard] bring the Churches in New-England back to the Imperfect Reformation in other Lands, and so deprieve us of our Glory for ever?"
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| 70. The quotation is from A Discourse Concerning The Danger of Apostasy , 56.
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| 1. Quoted in Perry Miller, The New England Mind: The Seventeenth Century (New York, 1939, reissued Cambridge, Mass., 1954), 207.
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| 2. Quoted in Ibid . 212.
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| 3. Increase Mather, Heavens Alarm To The World , "To the Reader." The comet was first noticed in New England on November 14, 1680; it could not be seen after the middle of the following February. Mather gave this sermon January 20, 1681.
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| 4. Ibid . "To the Reader" for the measurement of the comet's "radiant Locks." Increase Mather read the following by Hooke: Lectures and Collections Made By Robert Hooke, Secretary of the Royal Society (London, 1678).
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| 5. Hooke, Lectures and Collections , 7-10, 15. Hooke discusses Brahe and Kepler on 17-19.
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