The Norman Conquest (59 page)

Abbreviations

(Unless otherwise indicated, the place of publication is London)

Notes

INTRODUCTION

1
  Nor as many books and articles, of which there are thousands. For older publications, see S. A. Brown, The Bayeux Tapestry: History and Bibliography (Woodbridge, 1988). For more recent research, see
The Bayeux Tapestry: Embroidering the Facts of History,
ed. P. Bouet, B. Levy and F. Neveux (Caen, 2004);
King Harold II and the Bayeux Tapestry
, ed. G. R. Owen-Crocker (Woodbridge, 2005);
The Bayeux Tapestry: New Interpretations
, ed. M. K. Foys, K. E. Overbey and D. Terkla (Woodbridge, 2009);
The Bayeux Tapestry: New Approaches
, ed. M. J. Lewis, G. R. Owen-Crocker and D. Terkla (Oxford, 2011).

2
  D. J. Bernstein,
The Mystery of the Bayeux Tapestry
(London, 1986), 71–2.

3
  The contributors to the 1999 conference at Caen were unanimous in declaring for Odo:
Bayeux Tapestry
, ed. Bouet et al., 406. For the Canterbury connection, see C. Hart, ‘The Bayeux Tapestry and Schools of Illumination at Canterbury’,
ANS
, 22 (2000), 117–67 and idem, ‘The Cicero-Aratea and the Bayeux Tapestry’,
King Harold II
, ed. Owen-Crocker, 161–78. If the Tapestry was commissioned by Odo, it was presumably commissioned before his imprisonment in 1082, though later dates have been proposed.

4
  C. Hicks,
The Bayeux Tapestry: The Life Story of a Masterpiece
(London, 2006).

5
  M. J. Lewis,
The Real World of the Bayeux Tapestry
(Stroud, 2008); L. Ashe,
Fiction and History in England
(Cambridge, 2007), 35–45.

6
  M. Morris,
A Great and Terrible King: Edward I and the Forging of Britain
(2008);
Itinerary of Edward I
, ed. E. W Safford (3 vols., List and Index Society, 103, 132, 135, 1974–7);
RRAN
, 76–8.

7
  There are several different modern translations of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. I have used
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
, ed. G. N. Garmonsway (new edn, London, 1972), and also the translation by Whitelock in
EHD
, ii, 107–203. Both are cited by year rather than page number.

8
  M. Chibnall,
The Debate on the Norman Conquest
(Manchester, 1999), 59.

9
  WP, 26–7;
The Life and Letters of Edward A. Freeman
, ed. W. R. W. Stephens (2 vols., London, 1895), ii, 216. For Freeman’s character, see his entry in the
DNB
.

10
  D. Bates, ‘1066: Does the Date Still Matter?’,
Historical Research,
78 (2005), 446–7.

11
  P. Stafford, ‘Women and the Norman Conquest’,
TRHS
, 6th ser., 4 (1994), 221–49.

12
  Bates, ‘1066: Does the Date Still Matter?’, 447–51; R. Barber, ‘The Norman Conquest and the Media’,
ANS
, 26 (2004), 1–20; J. Gillingham, ‘“Slaves of the Normans?”: Gerald de Barri and Regnal Solidarity in Early Thirteenth-Century England’,
Law, Laity and Solidarities: Essays in Honour of Susan Reynolds
, ed. P. Stafford, J. L. Nelson and J. Martindale (Manchester, 2001), 160―70. More generally, see Chibnall,
Debate, passim
.

13
  E. g. R. A. Brown,
The Normans and the Norman Conquest
(2nd edn, Woodbridge, 1985), 5.

14
  ‘Change of a magnitude and at a speed unparalleled in English history’: Garnett,
Short Introduction
, 5. For a general discussion, see Bates, ‘1066: Does the Date Still Matter?’,
passim
.

15
  See in particular the work of John Gillingham, much of which is reprinted in his
The English in the Twelfth Century
(Woodbridge, 2000).

16
  See in particular R. R. Davies,
The First English Empire: Power and Identities in the British Isles, 1093–1343
(Oxford, 2000).

CHAPTER 1

1
  E. Bozoky, ‘The Sanctity and Canonisation of Edward the Confessor’,
Edward the Confessor: The Man and the Legend
, ed. R. Mortimer (Woodbridge, 2009), 173–86.

2
 
The Anglo-Saxons,
ed. J. Campbell (1982), remains a fine introduction.

3
  In general, see M. Arnold,
The Vikings: Culture and Conquest
(2006).

4
  S. Foot, ‘The Making of
Angelcynn:
English Identity before the Norman Conquest’,
TRHS
, 6th ser., 6 (1996), 25–49; P. Wormald,
‘Engla lond:
The Making of an Allegiance’,
Journal of Historical Sociology
, 7 (1994), 1–24.

5
  See
The Battle of Maldon AD 991
, ed. D. Scragg (Oxford, 1991).

6
  All the information about Æthelred in this chapter can be found in his
DNB
entry. For more extensive treatments, see R. Lavelle,
Aethelred II: King of the English, 978–1016
(Stroud, 2008) and A.Williams,
Æthelred the Unready: The Ill-Counselled King
(2003).

7
  On the early history of Normandy, see D. Bates,
Normandy before 1066
(Harlow, 1982).