The Social Animal (61 page)

21
Chinese subjects were more
Bruce E. Wexler,
Brain and Culture: Neurobiology, Ideology, and Social Change
(Cambridge, MA:
MIT
Press, 2006), 149.

22
Americans tend to exaggerate
Timothy D. Wilson,
Strangers to Ourselves: Discovering the Adaptive Unconscious
(Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2002), 38.

23
choose between three computers
Nisbett, 185.

24
The Chinese eyes perform
John Roach, “Chinese, Americans, Truly See Differently, Study Says,”
National Geographic News
, August 22, 2005,
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/08/0822_050822_chinese.html
.

25
East Asians have a tougher time
Rachel E. Jack et al., “Cultural Confusions Show that Facial Expressions Are Not Universal,”
Current Biology
19, no. 18 (August 13, 2009), 1543-48,
http://www.cell.com/current-biology/retrieve/pii/S0960982209014778
.

26
“The country of my childhood”
Wexler, 175.

27
As Michael Tomasello
Roy F. Baumeister,
The Cultural Animal: Human Nature, Meaing, and Social Life
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 31.

28
You can teach a chimpanzee
Baumeister, 131.

29
“What sets him off most graphically”
Clifford Geertz,
The Interpretation of Cultures
(New York: Basic Books, 1973), 46.

30
“We build ‘designer environments’ ”
Andy Clark,
Being There: Putting Brain, Body, and World Together Again
(Cambridge, MA:
MIT
Press, 1998), 191.

31
Human brains, Clark believes
Clark, 180.

32
If the culture adds
Baumeister, 53.

33
Children born without sight
Wexler, 33.

34
Donald E. Brown lists traits
Donald E. Brown,
Human Universals
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991).

35
Plays written and produced
Wexler, 187-88.

36
Half of all people in India
David P. Schmitt, “Evolutionary and Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Love: The Influence of Gender, Personality, and Local Ecology on Emotional Investment in Romantic Relationships,” in
The New Psychology of Love
, eds. Robert J. Sternberg and Karin Sternberg (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006), 252.

37
Nearly a quarter of Americans
Helen Fisher,
Why We Love: The Nature and Chemistry of Romantic Love
(New York: Henry Holt & Co., 2004), 5.

38
Craig MacAndrew and Robert B. Edgerton
Craig MacAndrew and Robert B. Edgerton,
Drunken Comportment: A Social Explanation
(Clinton Corners, NY: Percheron Press, 2003).

39
couples having coffee
Dacher Keltner,
Born to Be Good: The Science of a Meaningful Life
(New York: W.W. Norton & Co., Inc., 2009), 195.

40
But if you bump
Steven Pinker,
The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature
(New York: Penguin Books, 2002), 328.

41
Cities in the South
Marc D. Hauser,
Moral Minds: The Nature of Right and Wrong
(New York: Harper Perennial, 2006), 134.

42
A cultural construct
Guy Deutscher, “You Are What You Speak,”
The New York Times Magazine
, August 26, 2010, 44.

43
Her head was filled
Douglas Hofstadter,
I Am a Strange Loop
(New York: Basic Books, 2007), 177.

44
They seem to be growing
David Halpern,
The Hidden Wealth of Nations
(Cambridge: Polity Press, 2010), 76.

45
“Cultures do not exist”
Thomas Sowell,
Migrations and Cultures: A World View
(New York: Basic Books, 1996), 378.

46
Haitians and Dominicans share
Lawrence E. Harrison,
The Central Liberal Truth: How Politics Can Change a Culture and Save It from Itself
(Cambridge: Oxford University Press, 2006), 26.

47
In Ceylon in
1969 Thomas Sowell,
Race and Culture: A World View
(New York: Basic Books, 1994), 67.

48
In Chile, three-quarters
Sowell,
Race and Culture
, 25.

49
By the time they enter kindergarten
Margaret Bridges, Bruce Fuller, Russell Rumberger, and Loan Tran, “Preschool for California’s Children: Unequal Access, Promising Benefits,”
PACE
Child Development Projects, University of California Linguistic Minority Research Institute (September 2004): 7,
http://gse.berkeley.edu/research/pace/reports/PB.04-3.pdf
.

50
Roughly 54 percent of Asian Americans
Abigail Thernstrom and Stephan Thernstrom,
No Excuses: Closing the Racial Gap in Learning
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003), 85.

51
The average Asian American in New Jersey
David Brooks, “The Limits of Policy,”
New York Times
, May 3, 2010,
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/04/opinion/04brooks.html
.

52
“Cultures of Corruption”
Fisman, Raymond, and Edward Miguel, “Corruption, Norms and Legal Enforcement: Evidence from Diplomatic Parking Tickets,”
Journal of Political Economy
115, no. 6 (2007): 1020-48,
http://www2.gsb.columbia.edu/faculty/rfisman/parking_20july06_RF.pdf
.

53
People in progress-prone
Harrison, 53.

54
People in trusting cultures
Francis Fukuyama,
Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity
(New York: Free Press, 1996), 338.

55
Germany and Japan have high
Edward Banfield,
The Moral Basis of a Backward Society
(New York: Free Press, 1967).

56
The merging of these two idea spaces
Richard Ogle,
Smart World: Breakthrough Creativity and the New Science of Ideas
(Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 2007), 8-10.

57
Ronald Burt
Ronald Burt,
Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992).

CHAPTER
10: INTELLIGENCE

1
“The Dunsinane Reforestation”
Christopher Hitchens,
Hitch 22
(New York: Twelve, 2010), 266. This exchange is based on a conversation the author witnessed between Hitchens and Salman Rushdie, two masters of these kinds of games.

2
Male babies make less
Matt Ridley,
The Agile Gene: How Nature Turns on Nurture
(New York: Perennial, 2004), 59.

3
a person’s emotional state
Daniel Goleman,
Social Intelligence: The New Science of Human Relationships
(New York: Bantam Dell, 2006) 139.

4
verbal memory and verbal fluency
John Medina,
Brain Rules: 12 Principles for Surviving and Thriving at Work, Home, and School
(Seattle, WA: Pear Press, 2008), 262.

5
They don’t necessarily talk more
Michael S. Gazzaniga,
Human: The Science Behind What Makes Us Human
(New York: Harper Perennial, 2008), 96.

6
Varieties of Capitalism
Peter A. Hall and David W. Soskice, “An Introduction to the Varieties of Capitalism,” in
Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage
, eds. Peter A. Hall and David W. Soskice (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), 1-70.

7
People who are really good
Arthur Robert Jensen,
The G Factor: The Science of Mental Ability
(Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1998), 34-35.

8
The single strongest predictor
Robin Karr-Morse and Meredith S. Wiley,
Ghosts from the Nursery: Tracing the Roots of Violence
(New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1997), 28.

9
Dean Hamer and Peter Copeland
Dean H. Hamer and Peter Copeland,
Living with Our Genes: Why They Matter More Than You Think
(New York: Anchor Books, 1999), 217.

10
black children in Prince Edward County
Richard W. Nisbett,
Intelligence and How to Get It: Why Schools and Cultures Count
(New York: W.W. Norton & Co., Inc., 2009), 41.

11
They have to divide their
Bruce E. Wexler,
Brain and Culture: Neurobiology, Ideology, and Social Change
(Cambridge, MA:
MIT
Press, 2006), 68.

12
Between 1947 and
2002 Nisbett, 44.

13
“Today’s children”
James R. Flynn,
What Is Intelligence?: Beyond the Flynn Effect
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 19.

14
They are not better
David G. Myers,
Intuition: Its Powers and Perils
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002), 35.

15
“IQ predicts only about 4 percent”
Richard K. Wagner, “Practical Intelligence,” in
Handbook of Intelligence
, ed. Robert J. Sternberg (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 382.

16
There is great uncertainty
John D. Mayer, Peter Salovey and David Caruso, “Models of Emotional Intelligence,” in
Handbook of Intelligence
, ed. Robert J. Sternberg (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 403.

17
“What nature hath joined together”
Nisbett, 18.

18
They were the ones who
Daniel Goleman, “75 Years Later, Study Still Tracking Geniuses,”
New York Times
, March 7, 1995,
http://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/07/science/75-years-later-study-still-tracking-geniuses.html?pagewanted=all
and Richard C. Paddock, “The Secret IQ Diaries,”
Los Angeles Times
, July 30, 1995,
http://articles.latimes.com/1995-07-30/magazine/tm-29325_1_lewis-terman
.

19
As Malcolm Gladwell demonstrated
Malcolm Gladwell,
Outliers: The Story of Success
(New York: Little, Brown & Co., 2008) 81-83.

20
National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
John Tierney, “Smart Doesn’t Equal Rich,”
New York Times
, April 25, 2007,
http://tierneylab.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/04/25/smart-doesnt-equal-rich/
.

21
“The tendency to collect information”
Keith E. Stanovich,
What Intelligence Tests Miss: The Psychology of Rational Thought
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009), 31-32.

22
distinctions between clocks and clouds
Jonah Lehrer, “Breaking Things Down to Particles Blinds Scientists to Big Picture,”
Wired
, April 19, 2010,
http://www.wired.com/magazine/2010/04/st_essay_particles/
.

23
“Many different studies involving”
Stanovich, 34-35.

24
Firsthand Technology Value mutual fund
Stanovich, 60.

25
GED
recipients are much
James J. Heckman and Yona Rubinstein, “The Importance of Noncognitive Skills: Lessons from the
GED
Testing Program,”
American Economic Review
91, no. 2 (May 2001): 145-49, “
http://www.econ-pol.unisi.it/bowles/Institutions%20of%20capitalism/heckman%20on%20ged.pdf
“:http://www.econ-pol.unisi.it/bowles/Institutions%20of%20capitalism/heckman%20on%20ged.pdf.

26
“The words of the language”
Robert Scott Root-Bernstein and Michèle Root-Bernstein,
Sparks of Genius: The Thirteen Thinking Tools of the World’s Most Creative People
(New York: First Mariner Books, 2001), 3.

27
Others proceed acoustically
Root-Bernstein and Root-Bernstein, 53-54.

28
Others do so emotionally
Root-Bernstein and Root-Bernstein, 196.

CHAPTER
11:
CHOICE
ARCHITECTURE

1
Grocers know that shoppers
“6 Ways Supermarkets Trick You to Spend More Money,”
Shine
, March 1, 2010,
http://shine.yahoo.com/event/financiallyfit/6-ways-supermarkets-trick-you-to-spend-more-money-974209/?pg=2
.