The Spy with 29 Names (44 page)

‘Alaric’, Germans payments to 60, 61, 62, 65, 76

‘Alaric’ shipping convoy messages 14–15, 19, 26, 35, 37–8, 78

approaches British in Lisbon 29, 35, 63, 64–5

approaches British in Madrid 57–8, 66, 67

approaches Germans in Madrid 26, 58–60

art dealings, post-war 262–5, 281–2

background/family and birth 43–7

becomes Nazi spy 62

‘Bovril’ name given by MI6 35, 37, 38, 76

Bristow reveals name of 259

British security services bring to London 37–9

couriers invented by 26, 64, 65, 85, 93, 116, 243, 291

daily life in Britain during Garbo deception 83–4

death 282

death faked 266

death of daughter 268

diary 82

diplomatic passport 60–1

discovery by British 11, 13–15, 19–21, 28–32, 34–9

divorce 267

dreamer, cheat, liar 8, 29, 58

English classes, takes 84

Europe, visits 1979 268–9

family
see under individual family member name

fiancée Margarita 47, 48, 49

first meetings with Germans 26–7, 58–60

fortieth anniversary of Normandy landings, attends 260, 280–3

Garbo work
see
GARBO

gift shop in Venezuela, opens 267, 268, 269

as greatest double agent in history 8

heart bypass 268

hotel business in Venezuela 267–8

interviewed by MI5 on arrival in England 75–9

Knappe, post-war visit to 251
see also
Knappe-Ratey, Friedrich

Kühlenthal, post-war visit to 251–2
see also
Kühlenthal, Karl-Erich

Majestic Hotel, Madrid, manager of 28, 55–6, 250

MBE, awarded 244, 245, 281

MI5 payoff 253

motives for spy work 57–8

Nigel West search for 258–61, 269, 280–3

Official Secrets Act, signs 167–8

opens newsagent in Venezuela 266–7

passport 57, 59

plan to infiltrate a group of Czech expatriates in Venezuela and 265–6

post-war life, 1945–84 257–69, 280–3

Prince Philip, meets 280

return to Spain, post-war 249, 250–1, 267

reunion with surviving members of deception group, 1984 280–1

second wife and 266–7, 268

as Soviet agent 54

Spanish Civil War and 47–54, 55, 58, 138, 146, 147, 233, 263, 264, 267, 271, 277

starts inventing intelligence 65–6

time as double-agent comes to end 253

United States, visits post-war 249–50

Venezuela, post-war life in 260–1, 262–8, 269, 281

Pujol González, Jorge (son) 83, 116

Pujol González, Juan (son) 28, 31, 116

Pujol Pena, Juan (father) 43–5, 46–7, 55, 56, 57

Radio Security Service 195

RAF (Royal Air Force) 37, 78, 88, 93, 95–7, 124, 126, 127, 177, 193, 223, 232, 291

Reagan, Ronald 282

Real Madrid 22

Red Army 10, 122, 151, 229, 234, 287
see also under individual battle or area of conflict name

Robertson, Major Thomas Argyll (‘Tommy’ ‘Tar’) 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 78, 80, 99, 104, 117, 119, 142, 159, 160, 169, 171, 183, 210, 244, 253, 280, 281, 289

Rock, Margaret 10, 11

Rohleder, Joachim 23

Rome, Italy, fall of 166, 179

Rommel, Field Marshal Erwin 149, 150, 164–5, 166, 174–5, 185, 186, 202

Rönne, Colonel Alexis Baron von 177, 200, 201, 202, 203, 290

Rothschild, Victor 36

Rousseau Jr., Theodore 30, 31, 32, 68

Royal Navy 78, 100, 127, 281

Rumi 255

Rundstedt, Field Marshal Gerd von 126, 149, 150, 165, 175–6, 177, 185, 186, 202, 204

Salerno, Italy 132

Sardinia 37

Scheldt River, Belgium 165, 205

Schellenberg, Walter 199–200, 289

Schweppenburg, General Leo Freiherr Geyr von 149, 175

Scotland 88, 124, 138, 169, 170, 171, 220

Scotland Yard 15

Second World War, 1939–45 1–4 7–39, 56–253

birth of 56, 57

D-Day
see
D-Day, 6th June, 1944

Eastern Front 10, 71–4, 95, 109–13, 134, 151, 163, 166, 187, 205, 208, 225, 226, 229, 287

Normandy landings
see
Overlord, Operation
and
Normandy

North Africa 91–2, 97, 133, 144, 163, 164

Second Front 1, 3, 115, 122, 131, 163, 167, 171, 185, 192, 193, 249

see also under individual area, battle and operation name

Seetzen, Heinz 73

Seville, Spain 33, 47, 77

Shebbeare, Major Bill 224, 225, 227, 228

Shell 267

Sherman tank 133, 143, 147, 150, 220, 221, 222, 225, 226, 227, 233

Sicily 126, 132, 141

‘Snow’ (double-cross agent) 16, 137

Socorro Blanco 49, 50

SOE (Special Operations Executive) 33, 121

Souza, Jaime 60–1

Soviet Union 10, 25, 54, 71–4, 109–13, 122, 132, 133, 136, 138, 148, 151, 169, 224, 234, 258, 259, 265, 266, 270, 271, 272–3, 287

Spain 11, 12

Abwehr in 22–7

Civil War
see
Spanish Civil War

Franco and
see
Franco, General

German post-war spy network in 247–50

post-war years (La Posguerra) 22–7, 28, 55–6

Pujol’s life in
see
Pujol, Juan

Second World War and 22–7, 56–62, 67, 97, 145

Spanish Art Gallery, London 20, 33, 262, 264, 271

Spanish Blue Division 25

Spanish Civil War, 1936–9 12, 13, 22–3, 24, 28, 47–54, 55, 57, 58–9, 138, 146, 147, 233, 250, 263, 264, 267, 271, 277

Spanish Club, London 117

Spanish Embassy, Caracas 263

Spanish Embassy, London 117, 118, 210

Spanish Legión 145–6

Spanish Re/files/13/03/76/f130376/public/Republicans 22, 23, 46, 47–53, 89, 114, 125, 146, 147, 182, 213, 214, 234, 235, 250, 267, 271, 277
see also
Spanish Civil War

Special Branch 15

Speer, Albert 166

Spring, Operation, 1944 230–1

St Albans 12–15, 21, 75, 77

Stalin, Joseph 122, 133, 287

Stalingrad, battle of, 1942–3 95, 110, 112, 232

Stanbrook
, HMS 146

Starkey, Operation, 1943 124–7

Stephens, ‘Tin-eye’ 16

‘Stichling’ (‘stickleback’) message 210–11

Supreme Headquarters of the Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) 142, 169, 191, 242, 289

Sword beach, Normandy 173, 174, 219

Tehran Conference, 1943 133

Thatcher, Margaret 282

Tiger tank 112, 133, 150, 193, 221, 222, 225, 227, 229, 274

Times, The
12, 54

Tindall, Operation, 1943 124

Titoff, Mrs 75, 77

Trevor-Roper, Hugh 11

‘Tricycle’ (double-cross agent) 16, 136–7, 158, 160, 209
see also
Popov, Dusan Dusko’

Twain, Mark 107

Typhoon aircraft, RAF 193, 223, 232

U-boats 14, 24, 37, 66

UGT (socialist trade union) 50, 146

Ukraine 110, 151

United States 7, 10, 24, 30, 32, 56, 64, 67, 68, 122, 126, 131, 138, 152, 163, 177, 192, 244, 249–50, 275, 287

U.S. Army 138, 145, 147, 150, 151, 152, 171, 184–5, 219, 220, 231, 232, 233, 235, 237, 241, 244, 274, 282–3

1st Army 171, 173

1st Infantry Division 174

First US Army Group (FUSAG) (fictitious army group) 141, 168, 177, 194, 204, 212, 231, 233, 241, 242, 285

3rd Army 341

4th Infantry Division 168, 235, 237

6th Armored Division 195

16th Infantry Regiment 283

28th Division 195

82nd Airborne Division 173

101st Airborne Division 173

Army Service of Supply 138, 194

see also under individual battle and operation name

US Embassy, Lisbon 28–32, 68

USAAF 177, 225, 226

Utah beach, Normandy 168, 173, 174, 184, 219, 233

V weapons 163, 208, 209–16

Varela (fictitious Spanish policeman in Lisbon) 61

VE Day, May 8, 1945 248, 249

Venezuela 260–1, 262–8, 269, 281

Venlo Incident, The, 1939 121, 200

Vire, River, Normandy 184

Wadham, Operation, 1943 124

War Office, UK 139, 143, 157

Welsh nationalism, fictitious sub-agents and 16, 102, 124, 292

West, Nigel 258–61, 269, 270–1, 280, 281, 283

Wiesenthal, Simon 275

Wild, Noel 142

Wilde, Oscar 41

Williams, Gwilym (‘G.W.’) 16, 17

Wilson-Bareau, Juliet 263, 264, 271, 272, 273

Wilson, Peter 271

Wingate, Ronald 142, 206, 207

Wisch, General Theodor ‘Teddy’ 151, 187, 225–6

Wolf’s Lair (Hitler’s Eastern Front military headquarters) 166

Wolff, Werner 222–3

Zossen, Germany 200, 203, 207

Many thanks to Mavis Batey, Nigel West, Arne Molfenter and Juliet Wilson-Bareau for sharing their insights into this wonderful story with me.

Ana Domínguez Rama proved to be an excellent researcher and assistant when delving into the labyrinths of the Barcelona city archives. My thanks to the ever resourceful Enrique Murillo for facilitating things.

Nigel Jones and Roger Moorhouse gave useful background information and advice on Second World War matters, for which I am very grateful.

My father, John, leaped gleefully out of retirement to become my research assistant for much of the writing of the book. My thanks for his input and advice.

Thanks also to Lisa Abend, Sabine Kern, Francisco Centofanti, William Ryan, D.E. Meredith, Mike Ivey and Gijs van Hensbergen.

This book would probably not have been written without the support of Peter Ettedgui, who has shared my fascination with the Garbo story from the start. Many years have passed since our first conversation about it at a terrace café in the Plaça de Catalunya, and now, finally, here we are.
Gràcies
.

Everyone at Random House has been very helpful – and patient. Thanks to all there. Mary Chamberlain remains the best copy-editor
one could wish for. And Jenny Uglow, as ever, gracefully helped guide things along.

My thanks to Peter Robinson, for his unwavering support and good advice.

And finally to Salud,
por todo
.

Primary sources

Arxiu Municipal de Barcelona (Barcelona city archive)

Harris, Tomás,
Garbo, the Spy who Saved D-Day
, with an introduction by Mark Seaman, 2000

Interviú
(Spanish news magazine) Nos 435–440: interviews with Juan Pujol, 1984

The Guy Liddell Diaries
(ed. Nigel West), two Volumes, 2005

The National Archives, Kew, files KV 2/39 to KV 2/42, and KV 2/63 to KV 2/71; KV 2/101 and KV 2/102

Pujol García, Juan and West, Nigel,
Operation Garbo
, 1985 (republished 2011)

TV3 (Catalan TV station):
Encontres
interview with Juan Pujol 1984

Other sources

Ambrose, Stephen E.,
Ike’s Spies: Eisenhower and the Espionage Establishment
, 1981 (2012 edn)
   
Citizen Soldiers: From the Normandy Beaches to the Surrender of Germany
, 1997 (2002 edn)

Andrew, Christopher,
The Defence of the Realm: the authorised history of MI5
, 2009

Bailey, Roderick,
Forgotten Voices of D-Day
, 2009

Batey, Mavis,
Dilly
, 2009

Beevor, Anthony,
D-Day: the battle for Normandy
, 2009
   
Paris after the Liberation
(with Artemis Cooper), 1994 (2007 edn)

Bennet, Ralph,
Ultra in the West
, 1979 (2009 edn)

Blacker, Cecil,
Monkey Business
, 1993

Blunt, Anthony, introduction to Tomás Harris catalogue for art exhibition held at Courtauld Institute, 1975

Brenan, Gerald,
The Literature of the Spanish People
, 1951 (1976 edn)

Bristow, Desmond,
A Game of Moles: deceptions of an MI6 officer
, 1993

Burns, Jimmy,
Papa Spy
, 2009

Carter, Miranda,
Anthony Blunt
, 2001

Cave Brown, Anthony,
Bodyguard of Lies: the extraordinary true story behind D-Day
, 1975 (2002 edn)

Collins, Larry and Lapierre, Dominique,
Is Paris Burning?,
1965 (1991 edn)

Cowley, Robert (ed.),
What If?
, 1999

Crowdy, Terry,
Deceiving Hitler
, 2008

Daglish, Ian,
Goodwood
, 2005

Delmer, Sefton,
The Counterfeit Spy
, 1973

d’Este, Carlo,
Decision in Normandy
, 1983 (2004 edn)

Elliott, Geoffrey,
Gentleman Spymaster
, 2011

Ford, Ken,
Dieppe 1942: prelude to D-Day
, 2003

Fraguas, Rafael,
Espías en la transición
, 2003

Giangreco and Moore (eds),
Eyewitness D-Day
, 2005

Gilbert, Martin (ed.),
Churchill: the power of words
, 2012

Handel, Michael (ed.),
Strategic and Operational Deception in the Second World War
, 1987 (2004 edn)

Hastings, Max,
Overlord: D-Day and the battle for Normandy 1944
, 1984
All Hell Let Loose
, 2011

Haufler, Hervie,
The Spies Who Never Were
, 2006

Hesketh, Roger,
Fortitude: the D-Day deception campaign
, 1999

Holt, Thaddeus,
The Deceivers: allied military deception in the Second World War
, 2004

Howard, Michael,
British Intelligence in the Second World War, Vol. 5 (Strategic Deception)
, 1990

Irving, David,
Hitler’s War
(online edn)

Jeffrey, Keith,
MI6: the history of the Secret Intelligence Service 1909–1949
, 2010

Jones, R.V.,
Most Secret War
, 1978

Juárez, Javier,
Juan Pujol, el espía que derrotó a Hitler
, 2004

Kahn, David,
Hitler’s Spies: German military intelligence in World War II
, 1978 (2000 edn)

Keegan, John,
Six Armies in Normandy
, 1982 (1992 edn)

Knightley, Phillip,
Philby: K.G.B. masterspy
, 1988 (2003 edn)