The Spy with 29 Names (42 page)

Falaise, France 230, 232, 234

Falange, Spanish 55

FBI 242, 250

Feuchtinger, Edgar 175

Final Solution 109

First Word War, 1914–18 1, 18, 24, 115, 132, 144, 212

Fleming, Ian 137, 140

Fleming, Peter 140, 292

Flight 777 115–16

Fortitude, Operation, 1943–44 133–4, 137, 140–1, 158, 168, 177, 179, 185, 192, 211, 242, 284, 285, 286

Fortitude North, Operation 133, 138, 169

Fortitude South, Operation 133, 138, 175

Fraguas, Rafael 54

France 1–4, 50, 57, 58, 73, 74, 100, 101, 104, 109, 110, 122, 126, 131–5, 136, 140, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148–50, 159, 163, 164–5, 166, 169, 170, 171, 173–7, 178–83, 184–7, 191–7, 201–2, 204, 206–8, 217, 219–37, 241–2, 265, 266, 275, 276, 277, 285, 286, 287
see also under individual area or place name

Franco, General 22–3, 25, 28–9, 48, 56, 74, 117, 138, 145, 146, 194, 233, 242, 248, 250, 263, 277

Francoist army, Spanish Civil War 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 263, 267

Free French 147, 235

Fremde Heere West (FHW) (German military intelligence) 177, 200, 201, 207, 290

French Army units 146, 147, 241

2nd Armoured Division 147, 233, 234, 235, 237, 276

La Nueve company 145, 147, 233–4, 235–6, 237, 276, 277

French Foreign Legion 146

GARBO (codename for Juan Pujol):

‘Artist’ disappearance and 158–61, 178

‘Alaric’ (code name given by Germans) 11, 14, 19, 26–7, 33, 95, 97, 171, 211, 216, 276, 291

Arabal/Arabel network (German codename) 11, 13, 14, 15, 19, 19
n
, 20, 27, 33, 36, 37–8, 64, 76, 77, 88, 97, 123, 195, 199, 208, 211, 215, 237, 243, 291

arrest stories, fake 118–20, 213–16, 241

becomes star player in double-cross system 116

Buénaga threat to reveal identity of 242–4

bureaucracy involved in drawing up messages 127

Churchill’s announcement of D-Day landings in Parliament endangers validity of 179

continues deception after fall of Paris 241, 247–8

D-Day, supplies Germans with information on build up to 137–40

D-Day, warns Germans of coming assault 167–72, 178, 181–3

Eisenhower’s radio broadcast of D-Day as ‘initial assault’ endangers validity of 179–81

explanation for pause in letters on arrival in London 85

first letter from London (first Garbo letter) 85–6, 87, 93

FUSAG, supplies information on fictitious army group 141, 168, 177, 191, 192, 193, 197, 202, 203, 207, 208, 241, 242, 243

Garbo code name given to 38–9

German failure to order reinforcements to Normandy area during Allied landings, influence upon 134, 135, 137, 141, 175–7, 191, 192, 193–7, 200–5, 206–8, 241

halting of attacks on civilian planes on Lisbon route after KLM Flight 777 and 115–16

Hitler, influence upon
see
Hitler, Adolf

Iron Cross awarded to 215, 242, 252

Knappe, post-war visit to 251
see also
Knappe-Ratey, Friedrich

Kühlenthal sends photographs of new cypher tables to 115

Kühlenthal, post-war visit to 251–2
see also
Kühlenthal, Karl–Erich

last German message sent to 248–9

last messages sent by 247

more specific and sensational messages receive more attention 127

need for coordination of messages with media 127

network of agents/sub-agents
see
GARBO network agents

never a member of MI5 84–5

Operation Cockade and 122–8

Operation Fortitude and 137–237

Operation Overlord and 131–237

payments from Germans 26, 29–30, 62, 65, 76, 87, 91–2, 95–6, 102, 114

payments from MI5 253, 262

pícaro
(lovable rogue)/picaresque novel character/language of mischief, use of in communication 5, 8, 80–1, 288

prose style/tone of letters to German intelligence 5, 8, 26–7, 66, 80–1, 82, 88, 93–4, 99–100, 114

pseudonyms used in letters 87

Pujol’s wife’s unhappiness/marriage problems and 116–20, 122, 157, 210, 213, 244, 245–6
see also
Pujol, Araceli

secret arms depot in Chislehurst Caves story 114–15

sends ‘most important report of his career’ on FUSAG absence from Normandy landings 193–7, 200–5, 206–8

sends RAF recognition handbook to Germans 95–7

sent German Abwehr cypher table 114

time as double-agent comes to end 253

the 29 names 291–2

urgent messages reach Berlin within an hour 127

V weapons and 157, 158, 208, 209–15

what if? (counterfactual historical scenario) 284–8

wireless communication 82, 92, 93, 94, 114, 119, 124, 140, 169

workload 81–2

see also
Pujol, Juan

GARBO network agents:

J’s (Juan’s) network:

Agent J(1) – the courier 64, 243, 291

Agent J(2) – the aviator 291

Agent J(3) – the work colleague (known to Germans as ‘Ameros’. Role played by W.B. McCann) 65, 89, 138–9, 180, 181, 291

Agent J(4) – the censor 291

Agent J(5) – the mistress (known to the Germans as ‘Amy’) 125, 139, 157, 194, 196, 291

Agent 1 – Senhor Carvalho (the Portuguese) 14, 65, 88, 124, 125, 291

Agent 2 – William Maximilian Gerbers (the German-Swiss) 14, 65, 88, 91–2, 96, 291

2(1) Mrs Gerbers, The Widow 92, 96–7, 171, 182, 213, 214, 291

Agent 3 – Pedro (known to Germans as ‘Benedict’. Role played by Harris) 65, 66, 88, 89, 92, 95, 96, 124, 125–6, 138, 139, 140, 141, 157, 194, 213, 214, 243, 291, 292

3(1) RAF NCO 95, 96, 291

3(2) – the Lieutenant in the 49th Infantry Division 292

3(3) – The Greek Seaman (known to the Germans as ‘Ben’) 138, 169, 170, 171, 292

Agent 4 Fred (known to the Germans as ‘Camillus’) 89, 92, 114, 115, 124, 138, 170–1, 181, 194, 247, 292

4(1) – the Operator (role played by Charlie Haines) 157, 171, 292

4(2) – the Guard at the Chislehurst Caves 292

4(3) – the American NCO (known to the Germans as ‘Castor’) 138, 140, 194, 292

Agent 5 – the Brother (known to the Germans as ‘Ahorn’ or ‘Moonbeam’. Role played by from Canada by Cyril Mills) 89–90, 139, 140, 157, 292

5(1) – Con, Agent 5’s cousin (known to the Germans as ‘Prescot’) 292

Agent 6 – Dick the South African 90, 292

Agent 7 – Stanley, the Welsh nationalist (known to the Germans as ‘Dagobert’) 102, 103, 124, 125, 139, 243, 292

7(1) – the Soldier in the 9th Armoured Division 103, 292

7(2) – David (known to the Germans as ‘Donny’) 103, 139, 194, 195, 292

7(3) – Theresa Jardine (known to the Germans as ‘Javelin’. Role played by Peter Fleming in Ceylon) 104, 139, 140, 194, 292

7(4) – Rags the Indian poet (known to the Germans as ‘Dick’) 103–4, 139, 194, 195, 292

7(5) – the Relative of 7(2) (known to the Germans as ‘Drake’) 139, 292

7(6) – the Low Grade Spy (known to the Germans as ‘Drommond’) 139, 292

7(7) – the Treasurer (known to the Germans as ‘Dorrick’) 139, 194, 195, 203, 292

García Guijarro, Mercedes (mother) 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 262

Garibaldi’s restaurant, Jermyn Street, London 84, 259

Gaswagen
73, 74

German Army units:

2nd SS Panzer Division (Das Reich) 110, 186

6th Army 110

7th Army 149, 165, 185, 232, 234

7th Tank Company 222

9th SS Panzer Division 202

10th SS Panzer Division 202

12th SS Panzer Division Hitler Youth 149, 151, 176, 177, 186, 219–20, 221

15th Army 149, 204, 229, 241, 242, 286

21st Panzer Division 175, 186

116th Panzer Division 186, 207

320th Infantry Division 110–11

Army Group B 149, 164

Einsatzgruppen
(Nazi special murder squads) 25

Einsatzkommando 10a 73

Gestapo 25, 58, 118, 122, 159

High Command 88, 126, 142, 176, 181, 185, 186, 191, 196, 197, 198, 200, 201, 202, 223, 290

Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler (LAH) (1st SS Division) 72, 73, 109, 110, 112, 149, 151–3, 186–7, 193, 204, 205, 207, 220, 222, 223, 224, 225–6, 228, 229, 231, 232, 234, 274, 285

III Battallion (Blowtorch Battalion) 110, 111, 112, 113

Panzer Lehr Division 148, 176, 177, 186

Sicherheitsdienst (SD) 25, 159, 199, 200

Totenkopf (Death’s Head) (3rd SS Division) 110

Waffen-SS 72, 112, 133–4, 149, 152, 274

Wehrmacht 7, 72, 110, 111, 122, 126, 132–3, 144, 148, 149, 161, 174, 185, 199, 200, 216, 226, 232

German Cross in Gold 111

German Embassy, Lisbon 159

German Embassy, Madrid 23, 58, 61, 199

Glasgow, Scotland 14, 19, 65, 66, 92, 95, 124, 214

Godfrey, Admiral 10

Goebbels, Joseph 165, 166

Goering, Hermann 165

Gold beach, Normandy 173, 174, 219

González Carballo, Araceli (wife) 62, 261, 281

accuses Juan Pujol of involvement in faking old master paintings 264–5

airbrushed out of Juan Pujol’s autobiography 57, 264–5

approaches U.S. Embassy in Lisbon 28–32, 57, 68

asks Juan Pujol for a divorce 267, 281

Bristow and 264, 265

celebrations for Juan Pujol’s MBE and 244, 245

children and 61, 63, 82

delivers letter by hand to Knappe 66–7

forms attachment to an Allied naval officer 157

leaves Portugal for London 83

marriage problems 157, 244, 245, 246, 250

marries Juan Pujol 56

meets Juan Pujol 54

returns to Spain 248

split with Juan Pujol 265

struggles to settle in England 116–17, 118, 119–20, 122, 210, 213

threatens to go to Spanish Embassy in London and reveal husband’s work for British 117–20, 122

told her husband had died in Africa 266

Venezuela, post-war life in 262, 263

Goodwood, Operation, 1944 224–8, 229, 230, 231, 276

Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS), Bletchley Park 71, 140, 278, 279, 289

Abwehr messages, deciphering of 10–11, 114

community spirit within 9

‘Case Three’ scenario and 206–7, 210

‘Cottages’ 8–9

D-Day and 162, 163

decipher messages stating Kühlenthal’s happiness with Garbo intelligence 127, 167

‘Dilly’s Girls’ 8–9

discovery of ‘Arabal undertaking’ 11, 15, 20, 35, 36, 37

Enigma Codes and
see
Enigma codes/machine

Hut Six 162

identification of Juan Pujol and 78, 79

Intercept messages describing actions of Garbo sub-agents 65, 97

ISK (‘Illicit Services Knox’) 13

ISOS (Illicit Services Oliver Strachey) 13, 15

Italian naval codes, breaking of 9–10

Jebsen arrest and 159, 160, 161

Juan Pujol not allowed to read intercepts from 84–5

Kühlenthal passing photographs of new Enigma cypher tables to Juan Pujol speeds up code cracking 115

‘rodding’ system 10

see also
GARBO

Granell, Lieutenant Amado 145–6, 147, 233, 234, 235–6, 237, 276–7

Gruhle, Hans 230

Guernica 23

Guerra, Mr and Mrs 116–17

Haines, Charlie 114, 119, 157, 169, 170, 171, 172, 178, 183, 194, 195–6, 197, 202, 253, 281

Hansen, Georg 208

Harris, Enriqueta 273

Harris, Hilda 33, 77, 119, 244, 253, 258–9, 271, 272, 273

Harris, Lionel 33, 271

Harris, Tomás (Tommy) 114, 142, 237, 251, 253, 260, 284, 288, 289

allegations of faking old master paintings 264–5

appearance 34

Araceli Pujol and 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 245, 246, 264–5

‘Artist’ (Jebsen) and 158, 159, 160–1

award of Iron Cross to Garbo and 215

background 20, 33, 77

birth of Garbo work and 79, 80–1, 82, 84–5, 88

Blunt and 34, 259, 264, 265, 270, 273–4

Bristow and 76–7

Burgess as friend of 33

combination of Juan Pujol and in Garbo deception 80–1, 82, 84–5

D-Day misinformation and 168, 169–70, 171, 172, 173, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183

daily routine during Garbo 84, 85,

damning assessment of Kühlenthal 276

Eisenhower comments on importance of Garbo to 286

fake arrest of Garbo and 213, 214

first meets Juan Pujol 38, 39, 76

Garbo’s final message to Madrid and 248

Garbo’s temperament and 93

interviewing of Juan Pujol by MI5 and 77–8

joins MI5 33

Juan Pujol visits in Mallorca 266, 267

Juan Pujol’s MBE and 244

Juan Pujol’s post-war involvement in art world and 263–4

killed 258–9, 270, 271–3, 277

leaves security service 271

‘lives’ the Garbo deception 100

Mayfair home 35–6, 77

move to Mallorca 271

moves to Logan Place 157–8

Normandy landing Garbo misinformation and 191, 192, 193, 197, 202, 203, 207, 208, 241, 242, 243

OBE 271

observes Garbo messages reaching Berlin within an hour 127

on German gullibility 121

on importance of obtaining new Enigma cypher tables 115

on Juan Pujol’s imagination 99

Operation Overlord and 131, 137–8

Philby and 35–6

plan for Pujol to infiltrate a group of Czech expatriates in Venezuela and 265–6

plays role of Agent 3 – Pedro 139, 140, 157, 213, 243, 291

post-war spy work 247, 248

regarded as one of the most talented officers involved in double-cross 167

search for Arabal and 34–6, 38

as Soviet spy 270–4, 273
n

Spanish Art Gallery, London and 20, 33, 264, 271

spreads rumour that Garbo had passed away 266

strong character 34

sub-agent stories and 90, 101–5

United States, post-war visit to 250

V weapons and 157–8, 209, 210, 212

visits Juan Pujol in Venezuela 262, 263–4

wine cellar 36, 77

Hart, Herbert 14, 19

Hasselt, Belgium 152, 186–7

Hastings, Max 132–3

Healey, Denis 224, 228

Heine, Heinrich 9

Hendon 75, 76, 77, 84, 116, 117, 157, 170, 173, 193, 196, 260

Herrlingen, Germany 164–5, 166

Hesketh, Roger 142, 169, 171, 183, 280, 284, 285