The Sun King (34 page)

Macaulay, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Lord (1800–59), quoted,
17
,
130

Madame,
see
Henrietta of England; Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate

Madame la Duchesse,
see
Bourbon, Louise-Françoise, Duchesse de

Madrid,
112
,
131
,
137
,
145

Maine (Anne-) Louise-Bénédicte de Bourbon-Condé, Duchesse de (1676–1753) (Mlle de Charolais): marriage,
89
,
133

Maine, Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, Duc du (1670–1736), eldest son of Louis XIV and Mme de Montespan,
91
,
127
,
132
,
150
,
153
,
164
,
167
; birth,
29
; given a title,
30
; his cowardice,
38
,
89f
; the King's favourite child,
42
,
78
,
85
,
87
,
89f
; ill-health,
44
,
48
; cleverness,
46
; childhood essays,
49–50
,
90
; his hounds,
64
; governor of Languedoc,
89
; marriage,
89
,
132–3
; Saint-Simon on,
98
; at the King's death-bed,
169

Maintenon (Eure-et-Loir),
44
,
47

Maintenon, François d'Aubigné, Madame Scarron, Marquise de (1635–1719): at the
Divertissement du Roi
,
15
; Louis XIV's early dislike of,
15
,
29
; given charge of Montespan's children,
29f
,
37
,
90
; quoted,
43
,
75
; ‘The Governess',
43–52
; created Marquise de Maintenon,
44
; and Mme de Montespan,
47–51
,
62
,
132
; King falls in love with,
51
; at Versailles,
67f
,
82
; appointed lady to the Dauphine,
72
; flat at Versailles,
75
,
77
; marriage to the King,
78f
; early life,
79–81
; character,
81–2
; dislike of the Dauphine,
83
; attitude to the young people,
85
,
90f
; new rules at Versailles,
92
; and Fénelon,
94f
,
96
; and Protestants,
96f
; hated by Saint-Simon,
98
; and the doctors,
101
; in old age,
101
; and the school at Saint-Cyr,
106–9
passim
; Fénelon on her character,
115
; letter to Elise de La Maisonfort,
116f
; and Mme
Guyon,
117f
; offends the King,
120
; and Mary of Modena,
125
; Portland's Embassy and,
129
; and the Duchesse de Bourgogne,
133–5
,
136
; on the generals,
136
; and on the females of the day,
140
; Monsieur's death and,
141
; behaviour to Madame,
142
; Racine and,
142
; and King James's death,
144
; complains to her confessor of ‘these painful occasions',
145–6
; reproves the Duchesse de Bourgogne,
148
; weeps at Montespan's death,
150
; tries to reduce expenditure at Versailles,
155
; and Mlle de Choin,
158
; death of the Dauphin,
159
; on the new Dauphine,
160
; and death of Dauphine,
161–2
; persuades the King to declare his bastards eligible to reign,
163
; behaviour in the King's last days,
166
,
167
,
168
,
169

Malplaquet, Battle of (1709),
155
,
164

Mancini, Marie, Princess of Colonna (1640–1715),
10

Mansart, Jules Hardouin (1646–1708), architect,
23
; designs Clagny,
30
; builds Marly,
40
; takes over construction of Versailles,
63
,
155
; designs Saint-Cyr,
107

Mansera, Marquis de, dies at age of 107: 101

Mantegna, Andrea (1431–1506),
39

Marbre, Cour de, Versailles,
32
,
65
,
68

Maréchal de Bièvre, Georges (1658–1736), King's chief surgeon in succession to Félix,
101
,
102
; examines bodies of Duc and Duchesse de Bourgogne,
162
; death of Louis XIV and,
166
,
167

Margaret Theresa, Empress, daughter of Philip IV of Spain (half-sister of Marie-Thérèse, Queen of Louis XIV), wife of Leopold I,
71

Maria Ana of Neuburg, second wife of Charles II of Spain,
122
,
137

Marie-Adelaide of Savoy,
see
Bourgogne, Marie-Adelaide, Duchesse de

Marie-Anne de Bourbon,
see
Conti, Marie-Anne, Princesse de

Marie-Anne-Christine-Victoire, Princess of Bavaria,
see
Victoire, Princess of Bavaria

Marie-Antoinette (1755–93), Queen of Louis XVI,
33
,
68
,
134

Marie de Médici (1573–1642), Queen of of Henri IV,
23
,
73

Marie Leczinka (1703–68), Queen of Louis XV,
32

Marie-Louise d'Orléans (1662–80), first Queen of Charles II of Spain, daughter of Monsieur and Henrietta of England,
112
,
122
,
137

Marie-Louise-Gabrielle of Savoy (1688–1714), first Queen of Philip V of Spain, granddaughter of Monsieur and Henrietta of England,
35
,
138
,
161

Marie-Thérèse of Spain (1638–83), Queen of Louis XIV,
10
,
71
,
76–7
,
86
,
122
,
138
,
139
; and the Queen Mother,
14
; goes with the King to the front,
27
,
30
; tries to assert herself,
33
; liking for baths,
36
; and La Vallière,
37
; love of gambling,
40
; at Versailles,
46
,
67f
; at the siege of Ghent,
50
; and Mme de Montespan,
44
; and Mme de Maintenon,
77
; death,
77
,
127

Marlborough, John Churchill, 1st Duke of (1650–1722),
126
,
145
,
146
,
151

Marly, King's house at,
22
,
23
,
40f
,
86
,
126
,
135
,
142
,
145
,
150
,
158
,
159
,
161
,
166
,
167

Marseilles, soap for Versailles made at,
36

Martinique, d'Aubigné family taken to,
80

Martinozzi, Laura (1735–87), niece of Mazarin, mother of Mary of Modena,
125

Mary II (1662–94), Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1689,
123
,
131

Mary of Modena (1658–1718), second Queen of James II (m. 1673),
84
,
103
,
112
,
125
,
129
; and Mme de Maintenon,
144

Mascaron, Jules de (1634–1703), Bishop of Tulle (1671), of Agin (1679),
155

Massillon, Jean-Baptiste (1663–1742),
155

Maubeuge (Nord),
155

Maulévrier, François-Edouard Colbert, Marquis de (1675–1706),
147

Maximilian II (1679–1726), Elector of Bavaria,
71
; son's claim to Spanish throne,
129
,
131
; and son's death,
131

Mazarin, Jules (1602–61), Cardinal 1641: 9,
10
,
14
,
18
,
31
,
33
,
42
,
56
,
84
,
87
,
125
,
138

Les Mazarins
(diamonds),
18
measles, deaths from,
161–2

Meaux (district of Paris),
23
,
119
,
120

medical faculty,
100–5

Mediterranean trade,
129

Melun (district of Paris),
33

ménagerie, Versailles,
135

Menin (Belgium),
155

Mesmes, Jean-Antoine III de (1661–1723), Premier Président du Parlement de Paris,
167

Meudon (district of Paris),
87
,
126
,
157–8
,
159

Mexico,
122

Middleton, Charles Middleton, 2nd Earl of (d. 1719),
126

Mignard, Pierre (1610–95),
80

Milan,
129
,
136

Le Misanthrope
(Molière),
93

Mistresses of Louis XIV,
see
Doré, Mlle; Fontanges, Mlle de; La Vallière, Mme de; Ludres, Mme de; Montespan, Mme de; Oeillets, Mlle des; Soubise, Princesse de; Thianges, Mme de

Modena, Italy,
125
; Duchess of,
see
Martinozzi, Laura; Mary of,
see
Mary of Modena

mole-catchers (Liard family),
25

Molière, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, called (1622–73),
15
,
84
,
93
,
100
,
101

Molinism,
118

Mongrédien, Georges Adolphe Marcel (1901–),
61

Monmouth, James Scott, Duke of (1649–85),
86

Mons lost by the French (1709),
155

Monseigneur,
see
Louis (1661–1711)

Monsieur,
see
d'Orléans, Philippe I, Duc

Monsieur le Comte,
see
Soissons, Comte de

Monsieur le Duc,
see
Bourbon, Louis III de Condé, Duc de

Montargis (Loire),
133

Montauban, Mlle de,
130

Montausier, Charles de Sainte-Maure, Marquis, later Duc de (1610–90), governor to the Dauphin (1668–79),
42

Montchevreuil, Mme de,
95
,
132

Montespan, Françoise-Athénais de Mortemart, Marquise de (1641–1707),
141
; attracts the King's attention,
15
,
36
; her cook,
25
; comes to court (1660),
26
,
27
; gains the King's love,
27f
,
39
; chooses Mme Scarron to take charge of her children by the King,
29
; birth of Duc de Maine,
29
; accompanies the King and Queen to the front,
30
; her family,
30–1
; and the second ‘Madame',
35
; her character,
37
; and Mme de Maintenon,
42f
,
44f
,
47–51
,
75
,
81–2
; and Bossuet,
45
; Mme de Sevigné on,
46
; goes to the siege of Ghent,
50
; and Mlle de Fontanges,
51–2
; and the poisons scandal,
56
,
57
,
59–62
; at Versailles,
67
; turned out of her Versailles flat,
82
; her daughters,
87f
,
90
; her sons,
90
; visits Saint-Cyr school,
108
; and
Esther
,
110ff
; at sixty,
132
; grief at the death of Monsieur,
141
; death,
150
; for her brothers,
see
Mortemart et de Vivonne, Duc de; for her sisters, Fontevrault, Mme de; Thianges, Marquise de

Montespan, Louis-Henri de Pardaillon de Gondrin, Marquis de (d. 1701),
26
,
28
,
78
; death,
132

Montpensier, Anne-Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchesse de (1627–93), called La Grande Mademoiselle,
89

Moro, Antonio (c. 1512–c. 1575),
39

Morocco: Marie-Anne, Princesse de Conti, sought in marriage by the King of,
86
,
122

Mortemart, Gabriel de Rochechouart, Duc de (1600–71), father of Mme de Montespan),
30

Mortemart, Duc de (nephew of Mme de Montespan),
94

Mortemart et de Vivonne, Louis-Victor de Rochechouart (1636–88), Maréchal de France 1675 (brother of Mme de Montespan),
26
,
30f

Mortemarts, the,
26–31
,
87

Mouthiers, family of cooks,
25

Le Moyen Court de Faire l'Oraison
(Mme Guyon),
118

Munich,
72

Nangis, Louis Armand de Brichanteau, Marquis de (1682–1742), Maréchal de France (1741),
147
,
152

Nanon,
see
Balbien

Nantes, Revocation of the Edict of (1685),
54
,
85
,
95f
,
97f
,
109
,
136

Naples,
136

Napoleon I (1769–1821), Emperor of the French (1804–15),
33
,
165
; his liking for reversi,
40

Napoleon II (Napoléon François Joseph Charles, 1811–32, Duc of Reichstadt),
33

Navy, manning the French,
20

Neerwinder (Belgium), Battle of (1693),
84

Netherlands, Spanish,
see
Spanish Netherlands

Nevers, Philippe-Julien Mancini, Duc de (1641–1707),
31
,
43
,
46

Nevers, Diane-Gabrielle Damas, Duchesse de,
31
,
46

Newfoundland awarded to England (1713),
165

New World,
see
America

Nice,
165

Nimeguen, Peace of (1679),
17

Nivernais, Louis-Jules Mancini Mazarini, Duc de (1716–98),
130

Noailles, Adrien-Maurice, 3rd Duc de (1678–1766), Maréchal de France,
93
,
129

Noailles, Anne-Jules, Duc de (1650–1729), Maréchal de France,
51
,
81
,
93
,
129

Noailles, Françoise d'Aubigné, Duchesse de,
93

Noailles, Louis-Antoine de (1651–1729), Archbishop of Paris (1695), Cardinal (1700),
95
,
119
,
164
,
168

Nobles' Wing, Versailles,
64f

Normandy,
9
,
45

Norway,
20

Notre-Dame, Paris: priest gives warning of confessions to murder by poison,
54

Nottingham, Tallart a prisoner at,
150

Nova Scotia awarded to England (1713),
165

‘nursery garden', Madame's household as the,
26
,
51