The Sun King (32 page)

Académie des Sciences,
21

Académie Française,
20
,
93

Adéláide de France, Princess (1732–1800), daughter of Louis XV,
36
,
68

Aix-la-Chapelle, Peace of (1668),
15

Albemarle, Arnold Joost van Keppel, 1st Earl of (d. 1718),
124
,
125
,
131
,
165

Albert, Prince Consort of Queen Victoria (1819–60),
123

d'Allone, secretary to Portland,
124

d'Alluye, Marquise: involved in poisons scandal,
58

Alsace: surrender by France demanded by the Grand Alliance,
155

Ambassadors' Staircase, Versailles,
67
,
68

America,
16
,
20
,
25
; gold and bullion from,
137
,
164
; North,
122
; South,
122
,
129
,
136

Amsterdam, United Provinces,
16
,
20

amusements at Versailles,
40
,
92

Andrea del Sarto (1486–1531),
39

Andromaque
(Racine) (1667),
109

d'Angoulême, Marie-Françoise,

Duchesse (1630–96), and poisons scandal,
56

d'Anjou, Philippe
see
Philip V

Anne (1665–1714), Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1702,
143
,
145

Anne of Austria (1601–66), daughter of Philip III of Spain, m. Louis XIII of France (1615),
9
,
14
,
23
,
32f
,
73
,
87
,
148

Antilles, the,
122

d'Antin, Louis-Antoine de Gondrin de Pardaillon, Marquis, later Duc,
86
,
90
,
163

appartement at Versailles
,
40
,
68
,
145

Aragon ancestors of Louis XIV,
13
,
14

Arcueil, Aqueduct of (Seine),
25

d'Arnauld, Mère (Jacqueline Marie), Angélique (1591–1661),
98

Arnaulds of Port Royal,
117

Arran, Milord,
86

Asia,
16

Athalie
(Racine: 1690),
114

Atlantic coast frozen (1709),
153

d'Aubigné, Agrippa (Mme de Maintenon's grandfather),
80

d'Aubigné, M. (Mme de Maintenon's father),
80

d'Aubigné, Mme de,
80

d'Aubigné, Charles, Comte (1634–1703)

(Mme de Maintenon's brother),
80
,
81
,
93
; his wife,
81
,
93
,
129
; for his daughter,
see
Noailles, Françoise, Duchesse de

d'Aubigné family,
80f
.

Augsburg, League of (1686),
98

Augustine of Hippo, Saint (354–430): Dames of Saint-Cyr transformed into nuns of the community of,
116

Augustus II (1670–1733), Elector of Saxony, King of Poland from 1697,
89

Austria,
112
,
136
,
145
,
164
; Archduchess of,
see
Margaret Theresa, Empress

d'Auvergne, Prince,
124

Avignon (Vaucluse),
125

d'Ayen, Comte,
see
Noailles, Adrien-Maurice, Duc de

Bains, Appartement des, Versailles,
36
; given to Mme de Montespan,
82

Balbien, Nanon (Mme de Maintenon's maid),
62
,
148

Balearic Islands,
122

Barbary Wars,
20
,
137

Barclay, Sir George (fl. 1696),
126

Barèges, Haute-Pyrénées, spa,
49
,
103

Bart, Jean (1650–1702),
89

Bartet, Isaac (King's secretary),
101

Bassano, Jacopo (c. 1510–92),
39
,
75

bassette: game played at Versailles,
51

Bastille,
58
,
86
,
97
; Mme Guyon in,
121

Baulot (or Baulieu), Jacques (1650–1720), quack,
102

Bavaria, Elector of,
see
Maximilian II; Joseph Ferdinand, Prince of (1692–99),
122
,
131
,
136
; coat of arms,
83

Beaumont, Marquis de (a heavy gambler),
40

Beauvilliers, Henriette-Louise Colbert, Duchesse de (1657–1733),
93ff,
118
,
138
,
166

Beauvilliers, Paul, Comte de Saint-Aignan, Duc de (1648–1714),
38
,
93ff,
118
,
120
,
136
,
149
,
152
,
159
; death of two sons from smallpox,
166
; his death,
166

Bedford, John Russell, 4th Duke of (1710–71),
130

Belle-Isle, Charles-Louis-Auguste Fouquet, Duc et Maréchal de (1684–1761),
10

Bérain, Jean (1639–1711),
90

Bernard, Samuel (1651–1739), financier,
154

Bernini, Giovanni Lorenzo (1598–1680): designs for Louvre not approved 13; bust of Louis XIV,
13f
; and statue,
13f

Berri, Charles de France, Duc de (1685–1714), 3rd son of the Grand Dauphin,
41
,
83
,
135
,
160
; Fénelon appointed his tutor,
115
; suggested by Louis XIV as heir to a Spanish crown,
129
,
138
; his marriage,
146
; and behaviour and character,
146–7
,
149–50
; grief at death of his father,
158
; death,
166

Berri, Marie-Louise d'Orléans (Mlle de Valois: 1695–1719), m. Charles Duc de Berri (1710),
146
,
162
,
167
; and the Grand Dauphin's death,
158
; birth of dead daughter,
160
; King's dislike of,
162
; birth and death of a son,
162–3
,
166

Berry, Province of,
116

Berwick, James Fitzjames, Duke of (1670–1734),
116
,
145

Béthune, Marie Fouquet, Duchesse de (1650–1716),
10

Béthune-Charost, Armand II, Duc de (1663–1747),
66

billiards: Louis XIV's preferred game,
40

‘black daughter' of the King and Queen,
33

black masses,
45
,
48
,
59
,
61

Black Prince, Edward, the (1330–76),
149

Blainville, Marquis de (son of Colbert),
21

Blenheim, Battle of (1704),
145
,
150

Blois, Mlle de:
see
d'Orléans, Françoise Marie, Duchesse

Boileau (called Boileau-Despréaux), Nicolas (1636–1711),
107
,
109f

Bolingbroke, Viscountess Marie Claire Deschamps de Marcilly (1665–1750), Marquis de Villette: married Henry St John, Viscount Bolingbroke (1678–1751),
111

Bolognese school of painting,
39

Boneuil, M. de, and the Duke of Portland,
127–8

Bontemps, Alexandre (1626–1701), Louis XIV's head valet, and his family,
25
,
78
,
142–3

Bordes, Père,
97

Boose, Mme: involved in poisons scandal,
55f
; death by burning,
57
,
60

Bossuet, Jacques Bénigne (1627–1704), Bishop of Meaux from 1681: 23,
34
,
43f
,
76
,
94
,
112
,
132
; tutor of the Grand Dauphine,
42
,
84
; praises Revocation of Edict of Nantes,
95
; death,
102
and Saint-Cyr,
116
,
118–20
; portrait,
155
; quotes,
63
,
157

Boucherat, Louis (1616–90),
55
,
58

Boufflers, Louis-François, Marquis, later Duc and Maréchal de (1644–1711),
123
,
125

Bouillon, Emmanuel-Théodore de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duc d'AIbret (1645–1715), Cardinal de,
85f
,
90

Bouillon, Marie-Anne Mancini, Duchesse de (1646–1714),
56
,
58

Bouillon, Godefroid-Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duc de (1641–1721),
58
,
85f

Boulle (or Buhl), André-Charles (1642–1732), cabinet maker,
71

Bourbon, spa,
46
,
102
,
111
,
143
,
150

Bourbon, Louis III de Condé, Duc de (1668–1710), Monsieur le Duc,
64
,
104
; marries daughter of the King and Mme de Montespan,
87f
; appearance and character,
88
,
104
; madness and death,
154
,
159

Bourbon, Louise-Françoise (Mlle de Nantes), Duchesse de (1673–1743), eldest daughter of the King and Mme de Montespan, Madame la Duchesse,
47
,
91
,
132
,
158
,
159
,
163
,
164
,
168
; marries Monsieur le Duc,
87–8
; nursed through smallpox by the Grande Condé,
88
,
104
; love for François Louis, Prince de Conti,
88–9
,
152
,
154

Bourbon family,
10
; as
parvenus
,
31

Bourdaloue, Père Louis (1632–1704), preaches at court,
76
,
115

Bourgogne, Louis de France, Duc de (1682–1712), eldest son of the Grand Dauphin,
41
,
157
,
163
,
166
,
169
; birth,
73–4
,
78
; Fénelon appointed tutor to him and his brothers,
115
,
120
; marriage,
124
,
133
,
134–5
; his brother Anjou's love for him,
138
; birth of a son,
145
; in love with his wife,
147
; character,
147
,
148–50
,
161
; at the war,
150–2
; his father's death,
158–9
; becomes Dauphin,
160
; death from measles,
161–2

Bourgogne, Marie-Adélaide of Savoy, Duchesse de (1685–1712),
14
,
127
,
138
,
154
,
158–9
,
160
,
161
; character and appearance,
133–5
; lessons at Saint-Cyr,
135–6
; grief at Monsieur's death,
141
; birth of a son,
145
; becomes a star at court,
146
; way of behaving,
146–8
; and the Marquis de Maulévrier,
147
; change in her character,
148
; Spannheim's estimate of her character,
149–50
; insists on disgrace of Vendôme,
152
; stops balls at Versailles,
155
; catches measles,
161–2
,
169

Boyne, Battle of the (1690),
97

Brancas, Louise-Françoise de

Clermont-Gallerande, Duchesse de, widow of Louis Antoine, Duc de Villars-Branca,
64

Brandenburg,
96

bread riots in Paris,
154

Brémond, Abbé Henri (1865–1933),
118

Bretagne, Louis, Duc de (1707–12), elder brother of Louis XV,
157
,
160
; catches measles and dies,
162

Breteuil (magistrate),
56

Breteuil, Louis-Nicolas Le Tonnelier, Baron de (1648–1728),
112

Brinon, Marie de (d. 1701): and the Saint-Cyr school,
160–11
passim
; writes words of ‘God Save the King',
108f
; removed by a
lettre de cachet
,
111
,
120

Brinvilliers, Antoine Gobelin, Marquis de,
54

Brinvilliers, Marie-Madeleine d'Aubray, Marquise de (1639–76), poisoner,
53f

Brouais, Comte de: defender of Lille (1667),
66

Brown, John (d. 1883): Scottish servant of Queen Victoria,
23

Brussels: flight of Comtesse de Soissons and Marquise d'Alluye to,
58

Buckingham Palace, London: author's presentation at,
36

Bussy, Roger de Rabutin, Comte (1618–93),
57

Cabinet Doré, Versailles,
36

Calais, Pas-de-Calais,
30

Cambrai (Nord): Fénelon made Archbishop of (1695),
119f

Candida, Saint: Pope Innocent XI sends Mme de Maintenon relics of,
78
; taken to Saint-Cyr,
108

Caravaggio, Michelangelo Amerighi da (c. 1570–1609),
39

Carmelite, Louise de La Vallière becomes a,
39

Carracci, Annibale (1560–1609),
39

Carracci Gallery, Palazzo Farnese, Rome,
22

Cassini, Giovanni Domenico (1625–1712), astronomer,
21

Cavendish, Lord,
124

Cavoye, Louis d'Oger, Marquis de (c. 1639–1716),
110

Caylus, Marthe Marguerite Le Valois de Villette de Murçay, Marquise de (1673–1729), cousin of Mme de Maintenon,
79

Cessac, Comte de: involved in poisons scandal,
56
,
58

Chaillot, Convent of,
28
,
31
; Palais de,
28

Chambord (Loir-et-Cher),
9

Chambre Ardents (1679–82),
55f
,
59f

Chamillart, Michel I (1652–1721), contrôleur-général des Finances, 1699, ministre d'état, 1700,
95
,
136

Champagne, Duc de Vivonne made governor of,
30

Champs-Elysées, Paris,
23

Chantilly (Oise),
23
,
86

chapel at Versailles,
155

Chapelin, abortionist,
60

Charles II (1630–85), King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1660,
16
,
86
,
97
,
126

Charles II (1661–1700), King of Spain from 1665,
113
,
122
,
128–9
; death,
136
; leaves everything to Anjou,
137
; for his wives
see
(1) Marie-Louise d'Orléans; (2) Maria Anna of Neuburg

Charles V
(Abbé de Choisy),
149

Charles V (1500–58), Holy Roman

Emperor from 1519, King Charles I of Spain (1516–56),
14

Charles VI
(Abbé de Choisy),
149

Charles VI (1685–1740), Archduke of Austria, Holy Roman Emperor from 1711,
122
,
137
,
145
,
155
,
164

Charost, Duc de,
see
Béthune-Charost, Duc de

Chartres (Eure-et-Loir), Bishop of:
see
Godet des Marais, Paul

Chartres, Duc de,
see
d'Orléans, Philippe II, Duc

Chartres, Duchesse de,
see
d'Orléans, Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, Duchesse

Château d'Anet,
151

Chateaubriand, François René, Vicomte de (1768–1848), quoted,
18
,
132

Châtelet, Gabrielle-Emilie Le

Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise de (1706–49),
112

Chevreuse, Charles-Honoré d'Albert, Duc de (1646–1712),
93
,
118
,
120
; death,
166

Chevreuse, Jeanne-Marie Colbert, Duchesse de (1652–1743),
38
,
93
,
118
,
120

childbirth,
101

Choin, Marie Thérèse Joly de (c. 1670–c. 1732): marries the Grand Dauphin,
87
,
157–8
,
159–60

Choisy, Abbé de,
149

Churchill, Arabella (1648–1730), sister of Marlborough,
126

Churchill, Sir Winston (Leonard Spencer: 1874–1965),
146
,
151

Citizen King,
see
Louis-Philippe

Clagny, Château de, near Versailles,
9
; Mme de Montespan's house at,
30
,
44f
,
46
,
50
,
59
,
62
,
63
; appropriated by the Duc du Maine,
132

Clement XI, Giovanni Francesco Albani (1649–1721), Pope from 1700,
144

Clément, surgeon, delivers the Dauphine,
72–4

Clérambault, Mme de,
101

Clermont-Chaste, François-Alphonse, Comte de (1661–1740),
56
,
87

Clermont-Chaste, Comtesse de,
87

Colbert, Jean-Baptiste (1619–83),
11
,
13
,
18ff,
28
,
63
,
76
,
89
,
93
,
136
,
139
,
145
; descent and relations,
21
; affected by the poisons scandal,
61

Colbert de Croissy:
see
Croissy,
Charles Colbert, Marquis de

Condé (Nord),
155

Condé, Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de (1621–86), Le Grand Condé,
16f
,
70
,
84
,
104
,
136
,
155
; one of his cooks,
25
; crossing the Rhine (1672),
66
; marries his granddaughter to François-Louis, Prince de Conti,
86
; marriage of his grandson to daughter of the King and Mme de Montespan,
86
; she captivates him,
88
; death,
105

Condé, Louis III, Prince de,
see
Bourbon, Louis III de Condé, Duc de

Condé family,
84

confessor of Louis XIV,
see
La Chaise, François de; Le Tellier, Père Michel

Constantinople,
85

Conti, Armand, Prince de (1629–66),
84

Conti, François, Louis de Bourbon,

Prince de (1664–1709),
140
,
152
; character,
84f
; goes to fight the Turks,
85
; succeeds brother, marries granddaughter of the Grand Condé, exiled from Versailles,
86
,
104
; restored to favour,
88f
; in love with the Duchesse de Bourbon,
88
; fails to secure crown of Poland,
89
; death,
153–4
,
159

Conti, Louis-Armand de Bourbon, Prince de (1661–95),
84
; goes to fight the Turks,
85
; death,
86

Conti, Louise-Marie Martinozzi, Princesse de (niece of Mazarin),
84

Conti, Marie-Anne de Bourbon, Princesse de (1666–1739), daughter of Louis XIV and Mme de la Vallière,
14
,
28
,
84
,
86
,
88
,
91
,
132
,
134
,
135
,
138
,
157
,
159
,
163
,
168
; refused as wife by William III of Orange, m. to Louis-Armand, Prince de Conti,
16
; on the Dauphine,
83
; rebuked by the King,
84
,
85
; contracts smallpox, widowed at 19,
86
; nurses the Dauphin in smallpox,
158

Conti, Marie-Thérèse de Bourbon-Condé, Princesse de (1666–1732), granddaughter of the Grand Condé,
87ff

Coypel, Antoine (1661–1722), artist,
155

Coysevox, Antoine (1640–1720), sculptor,
13

Crenan, Mlle de, sent to the Bastille,
86

Croissy, Charles Colbert, Marquis de (c. 1626–96),
21f
,
71f
,
76
,
125

Cromwell, Oliver (1599–1658), Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1653,
126

Crozat, Antoine, Marquis du Châtel (1655–1738), financier,
151

Cuthbert, Saint (c. 635–687),
21