The Sword And The Olive (71 page)
Read The Sword And The Olive Online
Authors: Martin van Creveld
42
Life in the camp is described by A. Krinitsi,
Be-Koach Ha-maase
[By the Deed] (Tel Aviv: Masada, 1959), pp. 182-190. In the end, since nothing could be definitely proven against them, almost all the detainees were released.
Life in the camp is described by A. Krinitsi,
Be-Koach Ha-maase
[By the Deed] (Tel Aviv: Masada, 1959), pp. 182-190. In the end, since nothing could be definitely proven against them, almost all the detainees were released.
43
Figures from Slutski,
Kitsur Toldot Ha-hagana
, p. 426.
Figures from Slutski,
Kitsur Toldot Ha-hagana
, p. 426.
44
Avidar,
Ba-derech Le-TSAHAL
, pp. 238-239.
Avidar,
Ba-derech Le-TSAHAL
, pp. 238-239.
45
Cf. J. Heller, “Neither Masada—Nor Vichy: Diplomacy and Resistance in Zionist Politics, 1945-1947,”
The International History Review
3:4 (October 1981): 558-559.
Cf. J. Heller, “Neither Masada—Nor Vichy: Diplomacy and Resistance in Zionist Politics, 1945-1947,”
The International History Review
3:4 (October 1981): 558-559.
46
M. Begin,
The Revolt
(New York: Dell, 1977), pp. 285-287.
M. Begin,
The Revolt
(New York: Dell, 1977), pp. 285-287.
47
LECHI poster printed in Y. Nedavah,
Mi Geresh et Ha-Britim Me-erets Yisrael
[Who Expelled the British from the Land of Israel] (Tel Aviv: Ha-amuta Le-hafatsat Todaah Leumit, 1988), p. 60.
LECHI poster printed in Y. Nedavah,
Mi Geresh et Ha-Britim Me-erets Yisrael
[Who Expelled the British from the Land of Israel] (Tel Aviv: Ha-amuta Le-hafatsat Todaah Leumit, 1988), p. 60.
48
A book-length account of this episode is A. Eshel,
Shvirat Ha-gadromim: Parashat Chatifatam Ve-tliyatam shel Ha-serjentim im Chasifat Mismechei Ha-hagana
[Breaking the Gallows: The Kidnapping and Hanging of the British Sergeants in the Light of Hagana Documents] (Tel Aviv: Zmora Bitan, 1990).
A book-length account of this episode is A. Eshel,
Shvirat Ha-gadromim: Parashat Chatifatam Ve-tliyatam shel Ha-serjentim im Chasifat Mismechei Ha-hagana
[Breaking the Gallows: The Kidnapping and Hanging of the British Sergeants in the Light of Hagana Documents] (Tel Aviv: Zmora Bitan, 1990).
49
Cf. M. J. Cohen,
Palestine and the Great Powers, 1945-1948
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982).
Cf. M. J. Cohen,
Palestine and the Great Powers, 1945-1948
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982).
50
Charters,
The British Army
, chap. 5; Nachmani, “Generals at Bay,” p. 70 ff.
Charters,
The British Army
, chap. 5; Nachmani, “Generals at Bay,” p. 70 ff.
51
B. L. Montgomery,
The Memoirs of Montgomery of Alamein
(London: Collins, 1958), p. 468.
B. L. Montgomery,
The Memoirs of Montgomery of Alamein
(London: Collins, 1958), p. 468.
52
C. von Clausewitz,
On War
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976), p. 127.
C. von Clausewitz,
On War
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976), p. 127.
53
House of Commons (HC) Debates, vol. 441. The same source puts the number of soldiers, policemen, and civilians killed and wounded at 79/40, 16/180, and 69/10 respectively.
House of Commons (HC) Debates, vol. 441. The same source puts the number of soldiers, policemen, and civilians killed and wounded at 79/40, 16/180, and 69/10 respectively.
54
Lord Davies as quoted in A. Koestler,
Promise and Fulfillment: Palestine, 1917-1949
(London: MacMillan, 1949), p. 62.
Lord Davies as quoted in A. Koestler,
Promise and Fulfillment: Palestine, 1917-1949
(London: MacMillan, 1949), p. 62.
55
Cf. B. J. Evensen,
Truman, Palestine, and the Press: Shaping Conventional Wisdom at the Beginning of the Cold War
(Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1992), for the effect on American public opinion in particular.
Cf. B. J. Evensen,
Truman, Palestine, and the Press: Shaping Conventional Wisdom at the Beginning of the Cold War
(Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1992), for the effect on American public opinion in particular.
56
Quoted in James,
Imperial Rearguard
, p. 100.
Quoted in James,
Imperial Rearguard
, p. 100.
57
Quoted in Begin,
The Revolt
, p. 313.
Quoted in Begin,
The Revolt
, p. 313.
58
Thucydides,
The Peloponnesian War
(Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin, 1954), p. 360.
CHAPTER 5Thucydides,
The Peloponnesian War
(Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin, 1954), p. 360.
1
This and the following paragraphs based on Z. Ostfeld,
Tsava Nolad: Shlavim Ikariyim Bi-bniyat Ha-tsava Be-hanhagato shel Ben Gurion
[An Army Is Born: Main Stages in the Buildup of the Army Under the Leadership of Ben Gurion] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1993), vol. 1, p. 18 ff.
This and the following paragraphs based on Z. Ostfeld,
Tsava Nolad: Shlavim Ikariyim Bi-bniyat Ha-tsava Be-hanhagato shel Ben Gurion
[An Army Is Born: Main Stages in the Buildup of the Army Under the Leadership of Ben Gurion] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1993), vol. 1, p. 18 ff.
2
The committee’s establishment is described in D. Almog,
Ha-rechesh Be-artsot Ha-brit, 1945-1949
[Arms Acquisition in the U.S., 1945-1949] (Tel Aviv: Maarachot, 1987), pp. 30-31.
The committee’s establishment is described in D. Almog,
Ha-rechesh Be-artsot Ha-brit, 1945-1949
[Arms Acquisition in the U.S., 1945-1949] (Tel Aviv: Maarachot, 1987), pp. 30-31.
3
The reasons for the change are discussed in Y. Gelber,
Lamah Perku et Ha-PALMACH?
[Why Did They Abolish PALMACH?] (Tel Aviv: Schoken, 1 986), chap. 8; also, at much greater length, in M. Pail and A. Ronen,
Maavake Koach Ba-tsameret Ba-derech Le-nitsachon Be-milchemet Ha-atsmaut
[Trials of Strength at the Top on the Way to Victory in the War of Independence] (Efal: Yad Galili, 1991).
The reasons for the change are discussed in Y. Gelber,
Lamah Perku et Ha-PALMACH?
[Why Did They Abolish PALMACH?] (Tel Aviv: Schoken, 1 986), chap. 8; also, at much greater length, in M. Pail and A. Ronen,
Maavake Koach Ba-tsameret Ba-derech Le-nitsachon Be-milchemet Ha-atsmaut
[Trials of Strength at the Top on the Way to Victory in the War of Independence] (Efal: Yad Galili, 1991).
4
The article, called “Hatsaa Chashuva” [An Important Proposal], was published in
Leachdut Ha-avoda
113 (October 15, 1946). Cf. also Ts. Dror,
Matsbi Le-lo Srara: Sipur-Chayav shel Yitschak Sadeh
(Commander Without Power: The Life of Yitschak Sadeh] (Tel Aviv: Ha-kibbuts Ha-meuchad, 1996), chap. 18.
The article, called “Hatsaa Chashuva” [An Important Proposal], was published in
Leachdut Ha-avoda
113 (October 15, 1946). Cf. also Ts. Dror,
Matsbi Le-lo Srara: Sipur-Chayav shel Yitschak Sadeh
(Commander Without Power: The Life of Yitschak Sadeh] (Tel Aviv: Ha-kibbuts Ha-meuchad, 1996), chap. 18.
5
For the differences between the two systems see M. van Creveld,
Fighting Power: German and U.S. Army Performance, 1939-1945
(Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1982), chap. 6.
For the differences between the two systems see M. van Creveld,
Fighting Power: German and U.S. Army Performance, 1939-1945
(Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1982), chap. 6.
6
Figures in Ostfeld,
Tsava Nolad
, vol. 1, p. 54.
Figures in Ostfeld,
Tsava Nolad
, vol. 1, p. 54.
7
COS note, January 13, 1948, TSAHAL Archive, 5205/49/14, quoting British document.
COS note, January 13, 1948, TSAHAL Archive, 5205/49/14, quoting British document.
8
Data on these forces in Y. Shimoni,
Arviye Erets Yisrael
[The Arabs of Erets Yisrael] (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1947), pp. 376-377.
Data on these forces in Y. Shimoni,
Arviye Erets Yisrael
[The Arabs of Erets Yisrael] (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1947), pp. 376-377.
9
IDF, Historical Department,
Toldot Milchemet Ha-komemiyut
[History of the War of Independence] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1959), p. 69.
IDF, Historical Department,
Toldot Milchemet Ha-komemiyut
[History of the War of Independence] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1959), p. 69.
10
Quoted in A. Koestler,
Promise and Fulfillment: Palestine, 1917-1949
(London: MacMillan, 1949), p. 156. Lebenberg,
The Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine, 1945-1948
(London: Cass, 1993), p. 200, puts the number at 6,000.
Quoted in A. Koestler,
Promise and Fulfillment: Palestine, 1917-1949
(London: MacMillan, 1949), p. 156. Lebenberg,
The Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine, 1945-1948
(London: Cass, 1993), p. 200, puts the number at 6,000.
11
On the early history of the Arab Legion see J. B. Glubb,
The Story of the Arab Legion
(London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1948), chaps. 1-11.
On the early history of the Arab Legion see J. B. Glubb,
The Story of the Arab Legion
(London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1948), chaps. 1-11.
12
On the strength and organization of the Arab Legion see Abdullah al Tal,
Zichronot
[Memoirs] (Tel Aviv: Maarachot, 1960), pp. 66-67. According to him the Arab Legion forces in Palestine had 84 armored cars and 131 guns of various calibers.
On the strength and organization of the Arab Legion see Abdullah al Tal,
Zichronot
[Memoirs] (Tel Aviv: Maarachot, 1960), pp. 66-67. According to him the Arab Legion forces in Palestine had 84 armored cars and 131 guns of various calibers.
13
The negotiations were summed up by Ms. Meir’s assistant, E. Danin, in Zionist Archive Doc. No. S 25/4004. See also G. Meir,
My Life
(Jerusalem: Steimatzky, 1975), p. 176, which, however, is much less specific.
The negotiations were summed up by Ms. Meir’s assistant, E. Danin, in Zionist Archive Doc. No. S 25/4004. See also G. Meir,
My Life
(Jerusalem: Steimatzky, 1975), p. 176, which, however, is much less specific.
14
Lists of these atrocities, together with expressions of satisfaction at their success, may be found in IDF,
Toldot Milchemet Ha-komemiyut
, p. 86; and al Tal
, Zichronot,
pp. 18-20.
Lists of these atrocities, together with expressions of satisfaction at their success, may be found in IDF,
Toldot Milchemet Ha-komemiyut
, p. 86; and al Tal
, Zichronot,
pp. 18-20.
15
Y. Rabin,
Pinkas Sherut
[A Service Record] (Tel Aviv: Maariv), vol. 1, p. 51.
Y. Rabin,
Pinkas Sherut
[A Service Record] (Tel Aviv: Maariv), vol. 1, p. 51.
16
D. Ben Gurion,
Yoman Ha-milchama, 1948-1949
[War Diary, 1948-1949] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1982), vol. 1, p. 67.
D. Ben Gurion,
Yoman Ha-milchama, 1948-1949
[War Diary, 1948-1949] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1982), vol. 1, p. 67.
17
See in particular U. Milstein,
Toldot Milchemet Ha-atsmaut
[The War of Independence] (Tel Aviv: Zmora Bitan, 1989), vol. 3.
See in particular U. Milstein,
Toldot Milchemet Ha-atsmaut
[The War of Independence] (Tel Aviv: Zmora Bitan, 1989), vol. 3.
18
M. Asaf,
Ha-yechasim ben Aravim Ve-yehudim Be-erets Yisrael, 1860-1948
[The Relationships Between Arabs and Jews in Palestine, 1860-1948] (Tel Aviv: Tarbut Vechinuch, 1964), p. 217.
M. Asaf,
Ha-yechasim ben Aravim Ve-yehudim Be-erets Yisrael, 1860-1948
[The Relationships Between Arabs and Jews in Palestine, 1860-1948] (Tel Aviv: Tarbut Vechinuch, 1964), p. 217.
19
Shimoni,
Arviye Erets Yisrael
, p. 205.
Shimoni,
Arviye Erets Yisrael
, p. 205.
20
M. Begin,
The Revolt
(New York: Dell, 1977), p. 224 ff.
M. Begin,
The Revolt
(New York: Dell, 1977), p. 224 ff.
21
This short account of the exodus, as well as the figures, is based on B. Morris,
Ledatah shel Baayat Ha-plitim Ha-palestinaim, 1947-1949
[The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949] (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1986).
This short account of the exodus, as well as the figures, is based on B. Morris,
Ledatah shel Baayat Ha-plitim Ha-palestinaim, 1947-1949
[The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949] (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1986).
22
Elazar’s account of the episode may be found in N. Bar Tov,
Dado
:
Arbaim U-smoneh Shanim Ve-esrim Yom
[Dado: Forty-Eight Years and Twenty Days] (Tel Aviv: Maariv, 1978), vol. 1, pp. 40-43; that of Eytan in R. Eytan,
Sippur shel Chayal
[A Soldier’s Story] (Tel Aviv: Maariv, 1991), pp. 38-41.
Elazar’s account of the episode may be found in N. Bar Tov,
Dado
:
Arbaim U-smoneh Shanim Ve-esrim Yom
[Dado: Forty-Eight Years and Twenty Days] (Tel Aviv: Maariv, 1978), vol. 1, pp. 40-43; that of Eytan in R. Eytan,
Sippur shel Chayal
[A Soldier’s Story] (Tel Aviv: Maariv, 1991), pp. 38-41.
23
For the role played by the Arab Legion in the fighting for Jerusalem see S. Ali El-Edroos,
The Hashemite Arab Army, 1909-1979
(Amman: The Publishing Committee, 1980), pp. 253-254.
For the role played by the Arab Legion in the fighting for Jerusalem see S. Ali El-Edroos,
The Hashemite Arab Army, 1909-1979
(Amman: The Publishing Committee, 1980), pp. 253-254.
24
A book-length account of the fighting for Kfar Etsion is presented in D. Knohl, ed.,
Gush Etsion Be-milchamto
[Gush Etsion at War] (Jerusalem: Jewish Agency, 1957).
A book-length account of the fighting for Kfar Etsion is presented in D. Knohl, ed.,
Gush Etsion Be-milchamto
[Gush Etsion at War] (Jerusalem: Jewish Agency, 1957).
25
The operations around Mishmar Ha-emek are described in Dror,
Matsbi Le-lo Srara
, p. 349 ff.; also N. Lorch,
The Edge of the Sword: Israel’s War of Independence, 1947-1949
(Toronto: Longmans, 1961), pp. 93-95.
The operations around Mishmar Ha-emek are described in Dror,
Matsbi Le-lo Srara
, p. 349 ff.; also N. Lorch,
The Edge of the Sword: Israel’s War of Independence, 1947-1949
(Toronto: Longmans, 1961), pp. 93-95.
26
IDF,
Toldot Milchemet Ha-komemiyut
, p. 135.
IDF,
Toldot Milchemet Ha-komemiyut
, p. 135.
27
Cf. his own description quoted in Lorch,
The Edge of the Sword
, p. 280.
Cf. his own description quoted in Lorch,
The Edge of the Sword
, p. 280.
28
Cf. Begin,
The Revolt
, p. 451 ff.
CHAPTER 6Cf. Begin,
The Revolt
, p. 451 ff.
1
For the planning that took place see Z. Ostfeld,
Tsava Nolad: Shlavim Ikariyim Bi-bniyat Ha-tsva Be-hanhagato shel Ben Gurion
[An Army Is Born: Main Stages in the Buildup of the Army Under the Leadership of Ben Gurion] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1993), vol. 1, pp. 5-14.
For the planning that took place see Z. Ostfeld,
Tsava Nolad: Shlavim Ikariyim Bi-bniyat Ha-tsva Be-hanhagato shel Ben Gurion
[An Army Is Born: Main Stages in the Buildup of the Army Under the Leadership of Ben Gurion] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1993), vol. 1, pp. 5-14.
2
D. Ben Gurion,
Yoman
[Diary], unpublished, Ben Gurion Archive, Sdeh Boker
,
entry for May 4, 1947
.
Like other intelligence data these seem to have been far from accurate, and different figures—mostly lower ones—can be found at other places in the diary.
D. Ben Gurion,
Yoman
[Diary], unpublished, Ben Gurion Archive, Sdeh Boker
,
entry for May 4, 1947
.
Like other intelligence data these seem to have been far from accurate, and different figures—mostly lower ones—can be found at other places in the diary.
3
A. Ilan,
The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Arms Race
(New York: New York University Press, 1996), p. 67, table 2.
A. Ilan,
The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Arms Race
(New York: New York University Press, 1996), p. 67, table 2.
4
The 1948 figures were:
Yishuv
: 0.65 million; Egypt: 19 million; Iraq: 4.8 million; Syria: 2.9 million; Lebanon: 1.1 million; Jordan: 1 million; total Arab: 28.8 million. Figures from M. Brecher,
The Foreign Policy System of Israel
(New York: Yale University Press, 1972), p. 68.
The 1948 figures were:
Yishuv
: 0.65 million; Egypt: 19 million; Iraq: 4.8 million; Syria: 2.9 million; Lebanon: 1.1 million; Jordan: 1 million; total Arab: 28.8 million. Figures from M. Brecher,
The Foreign Policy System of Israel
(New York: Yale University Press, 1972), p. 68.
5
Ilan,
The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Arms Race
, table 3.
Ilan,
The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Arms Race
, table 3.
6
Y. Beer,
Be-maagal Beayot Bitachon
[In the Circle of Security Problems] (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1957), pp. 166-167. Roughly similar figures are given by Ilan,
The Origins
, tables on p. 67.
Y. Beer,
Be-maagal Beayot Bitachon
[In the Circle of Security Problems] (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1957), pp. 166-167. Roughly similar figures are given by Ilan,
The Origins
, tables on p. 67.
7
Figure from M. Merdor, “Ha-rechesh Ba-shanim 1947-1948,” in Ministry of Defense, ed.,
Tsva Ha-medina Ba-derech
[Army on the Way to the State] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1988), p. 206.
Figure from M. Merdor, “Ha-rechesh Ba-shanim 1947-1948,” in Ministry of Defense, ed.,
Tsva Ha-medina Ba-derech
[Army on the Way to the State] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1988), p. 206.
8
Figures from ibid., tables 5 and 6, pp. 212-213.
Figures from ibid., tables 5 and 6, pp. 212-213.
9
Cf. tables 2 and 9 in ibid., pp. 209, 216; also Ilan,
The Origins
, p. 67.
Cf. tables 2 and 9 in ibid., pp. 209, 216; also Ilan,
The Origins
, p. 67.
10
The best account of the origins of the IAF is B. Cull and others,
Spitfires over Israel
(London: Grub Street, 1994), which also contains plenty of information on the Arab air forces of the time.
The best account of the origins of the IAF is B. Cull and others,
Spitfires over Israel
(London: Grub Street, 1994), which also contains plenty of information on the Arab air forces of the time.
11
Cf. his own account in
On Eagle’s Wings
(Tel Aviv: Steimatzky’s, 1979), chap. 2.
Cf. his own account in
On Eagle’s Wings
(Tel Aviv: Steimatzky’s, 1979), chap. 2.
12
Manpower data in D. Ben Gurion,
Yoman Ha-milchama, 1948-1949
[War Diary, 1948-1949] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1982), entry for February 8, 1948, p. 220
.
Manpower data in D. Ben Gurion,
Yoman Ha-milchama, 1948-1949
[War Diary, 1948-1949] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1982), entry for February 8, 1948, p. 220
.
13
An English version of the agreement may be found in N. Lorch,
The Edge of the Sword: Israel’s War of Independence, 1947-1949
(Toronto: Longmans, 1961), p. 239.
An English version of the agreement may be found in N. Lorch,
The Edge of the Sword: Israel’s War of Independence, 1947-1949
(Toronto: Longmans, 1961), p. 239.
14
More details on this episode in M. Begin,
The Revolt
(New York: Dell, 1977)
,
chap. 9; Ben Gurion’s account may be found in his
Be-hilachem Yisrael
[When Israel Went to War] (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1975 ed.), pp. 165-178. There is a book-length account in S. Nakdimon,
Altalena
(Jerusalem: Idanim, 1978).
More details on this episode in M. Begin,
The Revolt
(New York: Dell, 1977)
,
chap. 9; Ben Gurion’s account may be found in his
Be-hilachem Yisrael
[When Israel Went to War] (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1975 ed.), pp. 165-178. There is a book-length account in S. Nakdimon,
Altalena
(Jerusalem: Idanim, 1978).
15
Jenkins to Ambassador, British Embassy, December 30, 1947, Public Record Office (PRO), 371-68366-e458/11/65g.
Jenkins to Ambassador, British Embassy, December 30, 1947, Public Record Office (PRO), 371-68366-e458/11/65g.
16
Cf. Golda Meir,
My Life
(Jerusalem: Steimatzky, 1975), pp. 178-179.
Cf. Golda Meir,
My Life
(Jerusalem: Steimatzky, 1975), pp. 178-179.
17
Cf. S. Ali El-Edroos,
The Hassemite Arab Army, 1909-1979
(Amman: The Publishing Committee, 1980), pp. 244-245.
Cf. S. Ali El-Edroos,
The Hassemite Arab Army, 1909-1979
(Amman: The Publishing Committee, 1980), pp. 244-245.
18
M. Dayan,
Avnei Derech
[Memoirs] (Tel Aviv: Dvir, 1976), pp. 58-61.
M. Dayan,
Avnei Derech
[Memoirs] (Tel Aviv: Dvir, 1976), pp. 58-61.
19
Ben Gurion,
Yoman Ha-milchama
, vol. 2, p. 431, entry for May 16, 1948.
Ben Gurion,
Yoman Ha-milchama
, vol. 2, p. 431, entry for May 16, 1948.
20
Lecture by Ariel Sharon, on the site, May 5, 1993.
Lecture by Ariel Sharon, on the site, May 5, 1993.
21
N. Ben Yehuda,
Ke-she-partsa Ha-medina
[When the State Broke Out] (Jerusalem: Keter, 1991), p. 32 ff., provides a firsthand account of these events.
N. Ben Yehuda,
Ke-she-partsa Ha-medina
[When the State Broke Out] (Jerusalem: Keter, 1991), p. 32 ff., provides a firsthand account of these events.
22
The battles for Latrun are analyzed at great length in S. Shamir,
“Be-chol Mechir”—Li-yerushalayim; Ha-maaracha Be-latrun—Hachraa Be-derech 7
[“At Any Price”—to Jerusalem; Decision on Route Seven] (Tel Aviv: Maarachot, 1994).
The battles for Latrun are analyzed at great length in S. Shamir,
“Be-chol Mechir”—Li-yerushalayim; Ha-maaracha Be-latrun—Hachraa Be-derech 7
[“At Any Price”—to Jerusalem; Decision on Route Seven] (Tel Aviv: Maarachot, 1994).
23
D. Almog,
Ha-rechesh Be-artsot Ha-brit, 1945-1949
[Arms Acquisition in the U.S., 1945-1949] (Tel Aviv: Maarachot, 1987), p. 73.
D. Almog,
Ha-rechesh Be-artsot Ha-brit, 1945-1949
[Arms Acquisition in the U.S., 1945-1949] (Tel Aviv: Maarachot, 1987), p. 73.
24
Cf. Lorch,
The Edge of the Sword
, p. 250 ff.
Cf. Lorch,
The Edge of the Sword
, p. 250 ff.
25
Ben Gurion,
Yoman Ha-milchama
, entry for May 8, 1948, p. 401.
Ben Gurion,
Yoman Ha-milchama
, entry for May 8, 1948, p. 401.
26
Ostfeld,
Tsava Nolad
, vol. 1, p. 561 ff.
Ostfeld,
Tsava Nolad
, vol. 1, p. 561 ff.
27
For a list and explanation cf. E. N. Luttwak and D. Horowitz,
The Israeli Army
(London: Allen Lane, 1975), p. 45.
For a list and explanation cf. E. N. Luttwak and D. Horowitz,
The Israeli Army
(London: Allen Lane, 1975), p. 45.
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