The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy (137 page)

Responsibility; change and; of therapist

Retirement groups

Rice, A. K.

Risk appraisal

Risk taking

Rivalry: feelings of; as fuel for conflict; transference and

Robbers’ Cave experiment

Rogerian clinicians

Rogers, Carl

Role behavior

Role heterogeneity

“Role suction,”

Role switching: as conflict resolution

Role versatility

Role-play

Rorschach test

Rose, G.

Rosencrantz and Guilderstern Are Dead

Ross, Elisabeth Kübler

Rutan, Scott

Rycroft, C.

Safety; provided for self-disclosure

Sartre, J.

Satisfaction

Scapegoating; anger and; definition of

Schachter, S.

Scheidlinger, S.

Schema

Schilder, P.

Schizoid clients; emotional isolation of; therapeutic approach to; therapist and; therapy group and

Schizophrenia; behavior in therapy groups; as group deviants; group task and; intimacy problems of

Schopenhauer, A.

The Schopenhauer Cure
(Yalom)

Screening clients

Search for meaning

Seating arrangements

Seating patterns

Secondary gratification

Secrets: compulsive; fear of revealing; sexual; in subgrouping; subgrouping and; therapeutic value in revealing; therapist counseling to reveal; in therapy groups; in third phase of group development; timing disclosure of

SEGT.
See
Supportive-expressive group therapy

Selection of clients.
See
Client selection

Self-absorption

Self-accusation

Self-actualization

Self-concealment

Self-disclosure; adaptive functions of; appropriate; balancing; blockages; as characteristic of interpersonal model; delaying; discouraged by therapist; dread of; enhanced by conflict; essential to group cohesiveness; of feelings toward other group members; here-and-now focus in; horizontal
vs.
vertical; from imitative behavior; as impersonal act; of incest; maladaptive; by men; methods for; minor; norms and; objection to; as part of interpersonal learning; premature; reinforcement for; research on; resistance to; risk in; safety provided for; sequence of; of sexual abuse; by therapists; timing of; too little; too much; value in transfer of learning; value to therapy outcome; by women; written summaries and.
See also
Secrets

Self-esteem; augmented by group popularity and; evidence for; influenced by group cohesiveness; meaning of

Self-evaluation

Self-exploration

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Self-help groups; efficacy of; information imparting and; subgrouping as benefit to; for substance abuse disorders; therapeutic factors and; value of

Self-image adjustment after mastectomy groups

Self-knowledge; ambiguity decreased by

Self-monitoring group

Self-observation

Self psychology

Self-reflection

Self-reflective loop: crucial to therapeutic experience; in here-and-now focus

Self-reinforcing loop: in therapy groups

Self-reporting: of distressed patients; in therapy group

Self-respect

Self-responsibility

Self-transcendance

Self-understanding; change
v.
; promoting change

Self-worth

Sensitivity-training groups

Sensory awareness groups

Sentence Completion test

Separation anxiety

Setbacks

Sex offender groups; family reenactment and

Sexual abuse: self-disclosure of

Sexual abuse groups; universality’s impact on

Sexual attraction, to therapist

Sexual dysfunction groups

Sexual fantasies

Sexual relationships in groups: clinical example of; here-and-now focus and; subgrouping and

Sherif, M.

Short-term structured groups; dropout rates in; silent members in

Silent clients; management of; reasons for; therapist’s process checks with

Skills groups

Slavson, S.

Sledgehammer approach

Social connection

Social engineering

Social groups
vs.
therapy groups .

Social isolation; morality affected by

Social loneliness

Social microcosm: as artificial; as bidirectional; as dynamic interaction; group as; learning from; reality of; recognizing behavioral patterns in; therapy groups as

Social microcosm theory

Social norms

Social psychology

Social reinforcement; norms and

Social support

Socialization anxiety

Socializing techniques: development of

Sociometric measures

Sociopaths; group therapy and

Socratic posture

Solidarity

Solomon, L.

Specialized diagnostic procedures: direct sampling of group-relevant behavior; general categories for; interpersonal intake interview; interpersonal nosological system

Specialized therapy groups; group process and; steps in development of

Specific change mechanisms

Spectator therapy

Spousal abuser groups; therapeutic factors and

Spouses caring for brain tumor partner groups

Standard diagnostic interview; research on

Standard psychological testing

“State” of silence
vs.
“trait” of silence

Stigma

Stoppard, Tom

“Storming” stage of group development

Strong positive affect

Structured exercises; encounter groups; function of; injudicious use of; in interactional group therapy; Lieberman, Yalom, Miles study on; in T-groups; value of

Structured meetings

Student Bodies

Subgrouping; clinical appearance of; clinical example of; confidentiality in; conspiracy of silence in; in co-therapy; effects of; exclusion and; extragroup socializing as first stage of; group cohesiveness and; group factors in; here-and-now focus; hostility and; as impediment to therapy; inclusion and; individual factors in; overview of; secrecy and; suicide and; therapeutic considerations for; turning to therapeutic advantage

Substance abuse treatment programs

Suicidal clients; effect on group; interactionally focused group and

Suicide; among psychiatrists; subgrouping and

Sullivan, Harry Stack

Supervised clinical experience; benefits of; characteristics of; co-therapy in; length of; recommendations for; recording major themes in; research on; using Internet

Supervisory alliance

Support groups: engagement with life challenges and; moving to ongoing leaderless format; subgrouping as benefit to.
See also
Internet support groups

Support, norms and

Support/freedom of communication

Supportive-expressive group approach

Supportive-expressive group therapy (SEGT); coping and

Survivors of Incest

Symptomatic relief

Synchronous groups

Systematic reality testing

Systematic research approach

Systems-oriented psychotherapy

Taboos

Tardiness

Target symptom

Targets

Task groups: members’ attraction to

TAT.
See
Thematic Apperception Test

Tavistock approach

Technical expert, therapist as

Temporal stability

Temporary groups

Tensions: common group; in therapy groups

Terence

Terminally ill, isolation concerns of

Termination; of client; deciding; denial of; dread of; envy and; mourning period due to; postponing; reasons for; remaining members reaction to; rituals to mark; signs of readiness; of therapist; of therapy group.
See also
Group termination; Premature termination

Termination work

Testimonials

T-groups; birth of; cognitive aids in; feedback and; observant participation and; research and; shift to therapy groups; structured exercises in; unfreezing and.
See also
Encounter groups

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

“Then-and there” focus

Therapeutic alliance; in effective treatment; impairment of; in pregroup individual sessions; therapy outcome and

Therapeutic benefit

Therapeutic change; due to group internalizing; evidence for; as multi-dimentional

Therapeutic disconfirmation

Therapeutic effectiveness; centered in here-and-now focus; corrective emotional experience as cornerstone of

Therapeutic experience

Therapeutic facilitation

Therapeutic factors; AA and; as arbitrary constructs; categories/rankings of 60 items; client/therapist discrepancies on; clustering of; in cognitive-behavioral therapy groups; in different group therapies; differential value of; in discharge planning groups; encounter groups and; evaluating; extragroup; in geriatric groups; group cohesiveness precondition for; group members and; in HIV/AIDS groups; individual differences and; inpatient groups’ selection of; interdependence of; in learning disability groups; least valued of; modifying forces of; with narcissistic clients; in occupational therapy groups; outside of group; in psychodrama groups; ranking of; in Recovery, Inc.; research on; research results; selected by outpatient groups; in self-help groups; in spousal abuser groups; in spouses caring for brain tumor partner groups; stages of therapy; therapists’ views; in therapy groups; valued by clients

Therapeutic fads

Therapeutic failure

Therapeutic impact

Therapeutic intervention; bolstered by empirical observation

Therapeutic opportunity

Therapeutic posture

Therapeutic power; through interpersonal learning

Therapeutic process; conflict and;demystification of; dual nature of; enhanced by new group members; role of catharsis in; therapist’s feelings in

Therapeutic relationship; control of; as “fellow traveler,” mechanism of action for

Therapeutic social system

Therapeutic strength

Therapeutic value

Therapist(s): affect modeled by; American; American
vs.
European; analytical; attackers of; attitudes towards; defenders/champions of; disclosure by; errors by; European; expectations of treatment by; as facilitator for self-expansion; feelings and; fees and; as gatekeepers; getting “unhooked,” as group historian; increasing efficacy and; individual
vs.
group; inpatient
vs.
outpatient; internal experience of; interpersonal shifts and; neophyte; as observer/participant in group; omnipotent/distant role by; as paid professionals; personal psychotherapy and; process-oriented; research orientation required for; responsibility of; silent; styles of; tasks of; as technical expert; techniques of; termination of; using social microcosm

Therapist disclosure; effects of; example of; in individual therapy; research on; timing of

Therapist engagement

Therapist transparency: indiscriminate; influence on therapy group; pitfalls of; types of

Therapist/client alliance

Therapist/client engagement

Therapist/client relationship; abuse in; characteristic process of ideal; characteristics of; client improvement due to; in cognitive-behavior group; group cohesion and; ideal; in individual therapy; in interactional group therapy; professionalism and; trust in; value in psychotherapy

Therapy expectations

Therapy group(s): amalgamation of; attraction to members; attrition in; autonomous decisions by; change as goal of; characterological trends in; “check-in” format discouraged in; early stage of flux in; effectiveness of; first meeting of; formative stages of; as “hall of mirrors,” immediate needs of; individual therapy
v.
; interpersonal sequence in; interpersonal styles in; members’ attraction to; membership problems with; outside contracts and; physical setting for; primary task of; “privates” of; range of perspectives in; as reincarnation of primary family; relationship to encounter groups; senior members in; social groups
v.
; as social laboratory; as social microcosm; stages of; struggle for control in; “take turns” format in; termination of; therapeutic atmosphere of; treatment settings of; unique potential of; “veterans” in.
See also
Group meetings

Therapy manualization

Therapy outcome; self-disclosure’s value to; therapeutic alliance and; time-delayed

“There-and-then,”

Thorne, G.

Time-extended groups; research on

Time-limited groups; adding new members to; combined therapy and; moving to ongoing leaderless format; recommended size of

Tolstoy, L.

“Tough love,”

Traditional group therapy, for specialized clinical situations

Training: group therapists; pregroup; relaxation

Training groups; leader tasks in; process commentary in

Transfer of leadership

Transfer of learning; self-disclosure’s value to; therapist attention to

Transference; analysis of; definitions of; development of; dreams and; as form of interpersonal perceptual distortion; inevitability of; negative; “no favorites” and; result of; as source of hostility; sources of; therapist/client; in therapy groups

Transference distortions; resolution of

Transference interpretation

Transference neurosis

Transference resolution

Transferential anger

Transparency: of therapist.
See also
Therapist transparency

Transtheoretical model of change

Traumatic anxieties

Treatment expectations

Treatment settings

Truax, C.

Trust; constructive loop of; between peers

“Trust fall,”

Truth; historical

Turnover: group membership and

Twelve-step groups; alcohol treatment groups and; combining with group therapy; misconceptions about; subgrouping as benefit to; value of

Two-person relational psychology

Unfreezing

Uniqueness

Universal mechanisms