The Year that Changed the World (42 page)

Reagan visits Moscow (1987),
14

revolution of 1917,
65
–66,
85

share of world GDP,
217

United States and,
60
–63,
75
,
224
–225,
226
–228

withdrawal from Afghanistan (1988),
39

withdrawal from Eastern Europe,
12
,
38
–39,
91

World War II and,
211

Sputnik,
21
,
68

Stalin, Joseph,
23
,
56
,
110

Stanculescu, Victor,
198

Star Wars missile defense,
237

Stasiland
(Funder),
224

Stasi (secret police),
11
–12,
25
,
53
,
65
,
104
,
114
,
134
,
151
–152,
157

State Opera House (Prague),
123

Steel, Ronald,
215
,
237

Stein, Janice,
224

Stempel
(exit stamp),
165
,
168

Stetincu, Jacob,
203

Stewart, Jimmy,
106

Stoltenberg, Gerhard,
74

Stoph, Willi,
148
,
156
,
163

Suskind, Ron,
215
,
237

Svobodne Slovo,
185
,
186

Swaggart, Jimmy,
39

Talbott, Strobe,
222

Taylor, Frederick,
223

Teltschik, Horst,
72
–74,
126
,
228
–229,
235

Temptation
(Havel),
136
–137

Temptations of a Superpower
(Steel),
215
,
237

Thatcher, Margaret,
12
,
13
,
61
,
126
,
213
,
229

Thirty Years' War,
22

Tiananmen Square uprising (China),
83
,
90
,
99
,
123
,
154
–155,
157
,
176
,
182

Time of Silence,
117
,
120

Timisoara uprising (Romania),
191
,
193
–194,
195
,
197
–198,
200
–201

Tisch, Harry,
148

Tismaneanu, Vladimir,
236

Tokes, Laszlo,
193
–194,
197
–198,
201

Tokes, Rudolf L.,
38
,
224
,
233

Trabant (car),
8
,
26
,
103
,
142
,
159
,
161

trade unions

in Hungary,
32

in Poland.
See
Solidarity (Poland)

strikes of 1980–1981,
43
–46,
48
,
91

travel laws,
8
–9,
98
,
101
–102,
113
,
118
,
121
,
157
,
158
–160,
163
–170

Treaty of Versailles,
9
–10

triumphalism,
215

Truman Doctrine,
2

Tucker, Robert W.,
215
,
237

Turmoil and Triumph
(Schultz),
227

Turn, The
(Oberdorfer),
225

Turnley, Peter,
110
–111

Twin Towers attack (2001),
2
,
215

Tyson, Mike,
39

Ulbricht, Walter,
16
–17,
66

Umwelt Bibliotek,
152

underground political activity,
25

United Communist Workers' Party (Poland),
52

United Kingdom

democracy in,
29
,
30

Gorbachev and,
12
,
13
,
61

United Left,
152

United Nations,
21

Krushchev at,
17

refugees from GDR and,
118
,
123
–124

United States

G. H. W. Bush becomes president,
39
–40,
60

democracy in,
29
,
30
,
41

“Europe crisis” of,
74
–78

fall of Berlin wall,
9
–10

Hungary and,
38
,
95

impact of Cold War and,
20
–23.
See also
Cold War

Nuclear Audit (Brookings Institution),
22
–23,
223
–224

Reagan's 1987 speech on,
2
–5,
9
–14,
16
,
27
,
215
–216,
222

refugees from GDR and,
125
–126

share of world GDP,
217

situation in 1988,
39
–41

Soviet Union and,
22
,
40
,
60
–63,
75
–77,
224
–225,
226
–228

U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID),
21

U.S. Chamber of Commerce,
222

U.S. Constitution,
30
,
206

U.S. State Department

fall of Berlin Wall and,
10
,
13

U.S.-Soviet relations and,
61
–62

University of Budapest,
34

Urban, Jan,
178
–179,
184
,
187
,
205
,
233
,
236

Urban, Jerzy,
230

Urbanek, Karel,
187
–188

USSR.
See
Soviet Union, former

Us vs. Them
(Scoblic),
237
–238

Uzbekistan, pro-democracy movements in,
99

Vanek, Ferdinand,
137

Védrine, Hubert,
214
–215

Velvet Revolution (Prague; 1989),
170
,
173
,
175
–190,
236

Victoria Hotel (Warsaw),
59
–60

Videograms of a Revolution,
236

Vienna,
70

Vietnam War, impact of,
23

Vlad, Iulian,
194
,
195

Volkskammer (People's Parliament),
89

Volkspolizei (state police)

at the Berlin Wall,
3
,
5
–6,
16
,
27

fall of Berlin Wall and,
5
–9

Walesa, Lech

new Polish government and,
128
,
131
–133,
135
–136

Nobel Peace Prize (1983),
47

as president of Poland,
205

Round Table (1989),
47
,
52

Solidarity and,
32
,
35
–36,
47
–54,
95

Solidarity elections of 1989,
82
–84,
229
–230

Soviet praise for,
61

Walker, Martin,
20
,
224

Wall
(Wyden),
223

Wanfried,
19

Warsaw,
43
–51

under martial law,
35
–36,
43
–51

Round Table (1989),
35
,
47
,
49
,
50
–54,
58
–63

Solidarity elections of 1989,
79
–84
See also
Poland

Warsaw Pact,
19
–20,
21
,
30
,
210
,
227
–228

Hungary and,
57
,
69
,
71
–72,
90
–91,
127

invasion of Czechoslovakia (1968),
105
–106,
205

Jubilee of GDR (1989) and,
115
,
147
–152

Poland and,
127

summit in Bucharest (1989),
91
–95,
230
–231

Wartburg (car),
103

Washington Post,
89
,
230
–231

We All Lost the Cold War
(Lebow and Stein),
224

Wedel, Janine,
51
,
225

Weinberger, Caspar,
13
,
44

Wenceslas Square (Prague),
139
,
140
,
177
–181,
183
–186,
190
,
205

Wenn Mauer Fallen
(Krenz),
158

“We Shall Overcome,”
153

West Germany

attitudes toward German reunification,
23
–28,
213

Berlin Wall.
See
Berlin Wall

fall of Berlin Wall,
5
–9,
65
–76,
88
–94
See also
Berlin

We the People
(Ash),
230

Wiecko, Andrzej,
225

Wiedervereinigung
(reunification), attitudes toward,
23
–28

Wilde, Oscar,
129

Wilhelm Strasse (Berlin),
16

Wilson, Woodrow,
214
,
229

Winter, Ulle,
19
–20

Wir sind das Volk,
234

Wolf, Christa,
163

Wolfe, Tom,
53

Wolfowitz, Paul,
61
–62

Woodrow Wilson Center, Cold War Archive,
231

Workers' Guard,
101
,
103

World Affairs,
237

World Bank,
21

World Economic Forum,
218

World Trade Center terrorist attacks (2001),
2
,
215

World Transformed, A
(G. H. W. Bush and Scowcroft),
61
,
94
,
224
–225,
227
,
231
,
232

World War I

Cold War versus,
20

end of,
9
–10

World War II

Brandenburg Gate and,
3

chief victors in,
211

Cold War versus,
20

end of,
10

Normandy invasion,
28
,
69

Poland in,
44
–45

symbolism of Berlin Wall and,
1
,
5
–9,
15
–16

Wuensdorf,
210

Wyden, Peter,
27
,
223

Yakovlev, Alexander,
63
,
227

YouTube,
3

Yugoslavia,
174
,
213
–214

Zagrodzka, Danuta,
49
–50

Zakaria, Fareed,
217
,
238

Zelikow, Zelikow,
227
,
229
,
231
,
232
,
234

Zhivkov, Todor,
190
–191

Michael Meyer spent more than twenty years as a correspondent and editor for
Newsweek.
Between 1988 and 1992, he was the magazine's bureau chief for Germany, Central Europe and the Balkans. He is the author of
The Alexander Complex
(Times Books, 1989), a psychological profile of American empire-builders. He is a member of the New York Council on Foreign Relations and the Century Association and was an Inaugural Fellow at the American Academy in Berlin. He holds graduate degrees from Columbia University and the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy.