This Changes Everything (92 page)

17
. Sheila Leggett, Kenneth Bateman, and Hans Matthews, “Report of the Joint Review Panel for the Enbridge Northern Gateway Project,” Volume 2, National Energy Board, 2013, pp. 222, 271.

18
. “White House Could Cast Decisive Vote to Permit 20,000 Fracking Wells in Delaware River Basin,” Democracy Now!, November
11, 2011; “Natural Gas Development Regulations,” Delaware River Basin Commission, November 8, 2011, p. 19.

19
. “High Plains Aquifer Water Quality Currently Acceptable but Human Activities Could Limit Future Use,” U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey, press release, July 16, 2009; “Ogallala Aquifer Initiative,” Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture,
http://www.nrcs.usda.gov
.

20
. 2.3 BARRELS: “Oil Sands Water Use” (2013 data), Oil Sands Information Portal, Government of Alberta,
http://osip.alberta.ca
; CONVENTIONAL CRUDE: “Growth in the Canadian Oil Sands: Finding the New Balance,” IHS Cambridge Energy Research Associates, 2009, pp. III–7; REQUIRES MORE WATER: Trisha A. Smrecak, “Understanding Drilling Technology,”
Marcellus Shale
no. 6,
Paleontological Research Institution, January 2012, p. 3; “70 TO 300 TIMES”: Seth B. Shonkoff, “Public Health Dimensions of Horizontal Hydraulic Fracturing: Knowledge, Obstacles, Tactics, and Opportunities,” 11th Hour Project, Schmidt Family Foundation, April 18, 2012,
http://www.psr.org
; 280 BILLION: Elizabeth Ridlington and John Rumpler, “Fracking by the Numbers: Key Impacts of Dirty Drilling
at the State and National Level,” Environment America, October 2013, p. 4.
http://www.environmentamerica.org
; “ENOUGH TO FLOOD”: Suzanne Goldenberg, “Fracking Produces Annual Toxic Water Enough to Flood Washington DC,”
Guardian
, October 4, 2013.

21
. Monika Freyman, “Hydraulic Fracturing and Water Stress: Water Demand by the Numbers,”
Ceres
, February 2014, pp. 49–50, 59–63; David Smith, “Proposed
Fracking in South Africa Beauty Spot Blasted,”
Guardian
, August 23, 2013; “Hydraulic Fracturing and the Karoo,” Shell South Africa, July 2012,
http://www.shell.com/zaf.html
; “Tampering with the Earth’s Breath” (video), Green Renaissance, Vimeo, May 11, 2011.

22
. Ilie, “Romanian Farmers Choose Subsistence over Shale Gas.”

23
. Personal interview with Anni Vassiliou, June 1, 2013.

24
. Marion W.
Howard, Valeria Pizarro, and June Marie Mow, “Ethnic and Biological Diversity Within the Seaflower Biosphere Reserve,”
International Journal of Island Affairs
13 (2004): 113; “Caribbean Archipelago Spared from Oil Drilling,” Rainforest Rescue, June 21, 2012,
http://www.rainforest-rescue.org
; FOOTNOTE: “Nicaragua Files New Claim Against Colombia over San Andres,” BBC, September 16, 2013.

25
. “Victories,”
Beyond Coal, Sierra Club,
http://content.sierraclub.org
; Mary Anne Hitt, “Protecting Americans from Power Plant Pollution,” Sierra Club, September 17, 2013; “Proposed Coal Plant Tracker,” Beyond Coal, Sierra Club,
http://contentsierraclub.org
.

26
. James E. Casto, “Spokesmen for Coal Blast EPA Regulatory Mandates,”
State Journal
(West Virginia), November 15, 2013.

27
. Jeremy van Loon, “Canada’s
Oil-Sand Fields Need U.S. Workers, Alberta Minister Says,”
Bloomberg News
, September 7, 2011; Shawn McCarthy and Richard Blackwell, “Oil Industry Rebuts ‘Trash-Talking’ Celebrity Critics,”
Globe and Mail
, January 15, 2014.

28
. T. S. Sudhir, “After Police Firing, Srikakulam Power Plants Under Review,” NDTV.com, July 16, 2010.

29
. Barbara Demick, “Residents of Another South China Town Protest
Development Plans,”
Los Angeles Times
, December 21, 2011; Gillian Wong, “Thousands Protest China Town’s Planned Coal Plant,” Associated Press, December 20, 2011; Gillian Wong, “Tear Gas Fired at Protesters in China Seaside Town,” Associated Press, December 24, 2011.

30
. Personal interview with Li Bo, January 11, 2014

31
. “Beijing’s Air Pollution at Dangerously High Levels,” Associated Press,
January 16, 2014; Ma Yue, “Alarm System to Close Schools in Severe Smog,”
Shanghai Daily
, January 16, 2014; “Chinese Anger over Pollution Becomes Main Cause of Social Unrest,” Bloomberg, March 6, 2013, accessed January 29, 2014.

32
. 
Bruce Einhorn, “Why China Is Suddenly Content with 7.5 Percent Growth,”
Bloomberg Businessweek
, March 5, 2012; “GDP Growth (Annual %),” World Development Indicators,
World Bank,
http://data.worldbank.org
; James T. Areddy and Brian Spegele, “China Chases Renewable Energy as Coast Chokes on Air,”
Wall Street Journal
, December 6, 2013; Justin Guay, “The Chinese Coal Bubble,” Huffington Post, May 29, 2013; Katie Hunt, “China Faces Steep Climb to Exploit Its Shale Riches,”
New York Times
, September 30, 2013.

33
. Christian Lelong et al., “The Window for Thermal
Coal Investment Is Closing,” Goldman Sachs, July 24, 2013; Dave Steves, “Goldman Sachs Bails on Coal Export Terminal Investment,”
Portland Tribune
, January 8, 2014.

34
. “Shale Gas: Member States Need Robust Rules on Fracking, Say MEPs,” European Parliament, press release, November 21, 2012.

35
. Andrea Schmidt, “Heirs of Anti-Apartheid Movement Rise Up,” Al Jazeera, December 15, 2013.

36
. Naomi
Klein, “Time for Big Green to Go Fossil Free,”
The Nation
, May 1, 2013; “Commitments,” Fossil Free, 350.org,
http://gofossilfree.org
; “Stanford to Divest from Coal Companies,” Stanford University, press release, May 6, 2014.

37
. “Harvard University Endowment Earns 11.3% Return for Fiscal Year,”
Harvard Gazette
, September 24, 2013; Andrea Schmidt, “Heirs of Anti-Apartheid Movement Rise Up,” Al
Jazeera, December 15, 2013; Mark Brooks, “Banking on Divestment,”
Alternatives Journal
, November 2013.

38
. Mark Brownstein, “Why EDF Is Working on Natural Gas,” Environmental Defense Fund, September 10, 2012.

39
. FOOTNOTE: Letter to Fred Krupp from Civil Society Institute, et al., May 22, 2013,
http://www.civilsocietyinstitute.org
.

40
. Ben Casselman, “Sierra Club’s Pro-Gas Dilemma,”
Wall Street
Journal
, December 22, 2009; Bryan Walsh, “How the Sierra Club Took Millions from the Natural Gas Industry—and Why They Stopped,”
Time
, February 2, 2012; Dave Michaels, “Natural Gas Industry Seeks Greater Role for Power Plants, Vehicles,”
Dallas Morning News
, September 18, 2009; Sandra Steingraber, “Breaking Up with the Sierra Club,”
Orion
, March 23, 2012.

41
. Felicity Barringer, “Answering for
Taking a Driller’s Cash,”
New York Times
, February 13, 2012; “48 Arrested at Keystone Pipeline Protest as Sierra Club Lifts 120-Year Ban on Civil Disobedience,” Democracy Now!, February 14, 2013; personal email communication with Bob Sipchen, communications director, Sierra Club, April 21, 2014.

42
. Robert Friedman, “Tell Your Alma Mater, Fossil Fuel Divestment Just Went Mainstream,” Natural
Resources Defense Council, April 30, 2014; Klein, “Time for Big Green to Go Fossil Free.”

43
. Andrea Vittorio, “Foundations Launch Campaign to Divest from Fossil Fuels,” Bloomberg, January 31, 2014; “Philanthropy,” Divest-Invest,
http://divestinvest.org
.

44
. “Global 500,”
Fortune
, 2013,
http://fortune.com
; Stanley Reed, “Shell Profit Rises 15% but Disappoints Investors,”
New York Times
, January
31, 2013; Stanley Reed, “Shell Says Quarterly Earnings Will Fall 48%,”
New York Times
, January 17, 2014.

45
. 
Ibid.

46
. “Notice of Arbitration Under the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law and Chapter Eleven of the North American Free Trade Agreement,” Lone Pine Resources Inc., September 6, 2013, pp. 4, 15–18.

47
. The General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade (GATT 1947), World Trade Organization, Article XI: 1,
http://www.wto.org
.

48
. Personal interview with Ilana Solomon, August 27, 2013.

49
. Sarah Anderson and Manuel Perez-Rocha, “Mining for Profits in International Tribunals: Lessons for the Trans-Pacific Partnership,” Institute for Policy Studies, April 2013, p. 1; Lori Wallach, “Brewing Storm over ISDR Clouds: Trans-Pacific Partnership
Talks—Part I,” Kluwer Arbitration Blog, January 7, 2013.

50
. Lindsay Abrams, “The Real Secret to Beating the Koch Brothers: How Our Broken Political System Can Still Be Won,”
Salon
, April 29, 2014; personal interview with Marily Papanikolaou, May 29, 2013; Mark Strassman, “Texas Rancher Won’t Budge for Keystone Pipeline,”
CBS
Evening News
, February 19, 2013; Kim Murphy, “Texas Judge Deals Setback
to Opponents of Keystone XL Pipeline,”
Los Angeles Times
, August 23, 2012.

51
. FOOTNOTE: Suzanne Goldenberg, “Terror Charges Faced by Oklahoma Fossil Fuel Protesters ‘Outrageous,’ ”
Guardian
, January 10, 2014; Molly Redden, “A Glitter-Covered Banner Got These Protesters Arrested for Staging a Bioterror Hoax,”
Mother Jones
, December 17, 2013; personal email communication with Moriah Stephenson,
Great Plains Tar Sands Resistance, January 22, 2014; Will Potter, “Two Environmentalists Were Charged with ‘Terrorism Hoax’ for Too Much Glitter on Their Banner,”
Vice
, December 18, 2013.

52
. Adam Federman, “We’re Being Watched: How Corporations and Law Enforcement Are Spying on Environmentalists,”
Earth Island Journal
, Summer 2013; Richard Black, “EDF Fined for Spying on Greenpeace Nuclear Campaign,”
BBC, November 10, 2011; Matthew Millar, “Canada’s Top Spy Watchdog Lobbying for Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipeline,”
Vancouver Observer
, January 4, 2014; Jordan Press, “Chuck Strahl Quits Security Intelligence Review Committee,” Postmedia News, January 24, 2014.

53
. Greg Weston, “Other Spy Watchdogs Have Ties to Oil Business,” CBC News, January 10, 2014; Press, “Chuck Strahl Quits Security Intelligence
Review Committee.”

54
. Leggett, Bateman, and Matthews, “Report of the Joint Review Panel for the Enbridge Northern Gateway Project,” Volume 2, pp. 209, 384.

55
. A more recent poll found that 64 percent of British Columbians were opposed to an increase in tanker traffic, with four times as many respondents “strongly” opposed than “strongly” in favor: “Oil Tanker Traffic in B.C.: The B.C. Outlook
Omnibus,” Justason Market Intelligence, January 2014, p. 5. COMMUNITY HEARINGS: Larry Pynn, “Environmentalists Pledge Renewed Fight to Stop Northern Gateway Pipeline,”
Vancouver Sun
, December 19, 2013; 80 PERCENT: Scott Simpson, “Massive Tankers, Crude Oil and Pristine Waters,”
Vancouver Sun
, June 5, 2010; “SYSTEM IS BROKEN”: Christopher Walsh, “Northern Gateway Pipeline Approved by National Energy
Board,”
Edmonton Beacon
, December 19, 2013,

56
. Edgardo Lander, “Extractivism and Protest Against It in Latin America,” presented at The Question of Power: Alternatives for the Energy Sector in Greece and Its European and Global Context, Athens, Greece, October 2013. George Monbiot, “After Rio, We Know. Governments Have Given Up on the Planet,”
Guardian
, June 25, 2012.

57
. “Initiative Figures,”
Transition Network, updated September 2013,
https://www.transitionnet work.org
; Transition Network, “What Is a Transition Initiative?,”
http://www.transitionnetwork.org
.

58
. David Roberts, “Climate-Proofing Cities: Not Something Conservatives Are Going to Be Good At,” Grist, January 9, 2013.

59
. Jesse McKinley, “Fracking Fight Focuses on a New York Town’s Ban,”
New York Times
, October 23, 2013.

60
. “Panel Fails to Listen to British Columbians,” Sierra Club BC, press release, December 19, 2013.

CHAPTER 11: YOU AND WHAT ARMY?

1
. Melanie Jae Martin and Jesse Fruhwirth, “Welcome to Blockadia!”
YES!
, January 11, 2013.

2
. Mary Harris Jones,
Autobiography of Mother Jones
(Mineola, NY: Dover [1925], 2004), 144.

3
. Gurston Dacks, “British Columbia After the
Delgamuukw
Decision: Land Claims
and Other Processes,”
Canadian Public Policy
28 (2002): 239–255.

4
. “Statement of Claim between Council of the Haida Nation and Guujaaw suing on his own behalf and on behalf of all members of the Haida Nation (plaintiffs) and Her Majesty the Queen in Right of the Province of British Columbia and the Attorney General of Canada (defendants),” Action No. L020662, Vancouver Registry, November 14,
2002,
http://www.haidanation.ca
;
Haida Nation v. British Columbia (Minister of Forests)
3 SCR 511 (SCC 2004); “Government Must Consult First Nations on Disputed Land, Top Court Rules,” CBC News, November 18, 2004; personal interview with Arthur Manuel, August 25, 2004.

5
. Personal email communication with Tyler McCreary, PhD candidate, York University, January 30, 2014.

6
. 
Delgamuukw v. British
Columbia
, [1997], 3 SCR 1010; British Columbia Treaty Commission, “A Lay Person’s Guide to Delgamuukw v. British Columbia,” November 1999,
http://www.bctreaty.net
; Chelsea Vowel, “The Often-Ignored Facts About Elsipogtog,”
Toronto Star
, November 14, 2013.