Tidal Wave: How Women Changed America at Century's End (55 page)

Weeks, Lorena, 64-65

Weeks v. Southern Bell
, 65

Weisstein, Naomi, 108, 124-25

Welfare, 93, 100, 176

Welfare reform, 234

Wellesley College, 228

Wesleyan University, 94

West Coast Women’e Music Festival, 206

West Point, 191, 230

West Side Group, 9, 27, 46, 47, 85, 125

Weyand, Ruth, 26

Whelan, Rosalie, 111

Who Stole Feminism:
(Sommers), 221

Willard, Frances, 38, 210

Williamson, Cris, 148

Willis, Ellen, 29, 108

Wilson, Dagmar, 27

Wilson, Martha, 44

Wisconsin Status of Women Commission, 24

WITCH (Women’s International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell), 31, 100, 143

Wolf, Naomi, 214-15, 221, 231

Wolfe, Leslie, 136, 138, 176, 179-81

“Woman-Identified Woman, The” (paper), 51-52

Womansong
(newspaper), 148

Womb, 154

Women: A Journal of Liberation
, 31

Women Against Military Madness (WAMM), 210

Women Against Rape, 148

Women and Life on Earth, 208

Women Church, 196

Women Employed (WE), 86-88, 90, 167, 247n78

Women in Campus Ministry Caucus, 130-31

Women in Distribution, 148

Women in Future Priesthood Now, 131

Women in Publishing, 90-91

Women’s Action Alliance, 93, 13 5-36, 266n18

Women’s Action Coalition (WAC), 217-18

Women’s Action Collective (WAC), 148

Women’s Advocates, 49, 156

Women’s Agenda
, 135-36

“Women’s Art” (exhibition), 44

Women’s Bureau, U.S., 90

Women’s Campaign Fund, 132, 200, 226

Women’s Christian Temperence Union (WCTU), 38, 210

Women’s Community Development Fund, 148

Women’s Co-op Garage, 148

Women’s Education Action Project, 179

Women’s Education Equity Act (WEEA), 68-69, 136, 138-39, 179-81

Women’s Encampment for a Future of Peace and Justice, 210

Women’s Environment and Development Organization (WEDO), 237

Women’s Equity Action League (WEAL), 25, 26, 42, 68, 69, 83, 89, 93, 132

Women’s Funding Network, 237

Women’s Health Action and Mobilization (WHAM), 215

Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, 210

Women’s Legal Defense Fund, 181

Women’s Liberation Committee of SNCC, 36, 116

Women’s liberation movement, 26-46

Women’s Music Union, 148

Women’s Ordination Conference, 131

Women’s Page, The, Everywoman
(journal), 31

Women’s Peace Party, 210

Women’s Political Caucus, 181

Women’s Program, U.S., 82

Women’s Publishing Group, 148

“Women’s Rebellion Against Dick and Jane” (Joseph), 69

Women’s Review of Books
, 223

Women’s Rights Action Watch Project, 214

Women’s Rights Litigation Clinic, 134

Women’s Rights Project of ACLU, 132, 134, 265n10

of Civil Rights Commission, 80-81, 130, 136, 138

Women’s strike, 40-41

Women’s Strike for Peace (WSP), 27-28, 61, 210

Women’s studies programs, 8, 94-96, 168-71, 183-84, 200-203, 219, 221.
See also
National Women’s Studies Association

Women’s Tennis Association, 96

Wood, Carmita, 134

Woods, Harriet, 197-98

Working-class women, 85-90, 110, 162

Working Mother
, 186

Working Woman
, 186

Workplace, 184, 195, 234-36. See also Employment discrimination; Wage discrimination

World Conference on Women, 237

World Council of Churches’ Ecumenical Decade, 218

World Women’s Congress for a Healthy Planet, 237

Wyatt, Addie, 26, 90

Yale Law School, 20

Yeakel, Lynn, 226

Yellow Springs Socialist Feminist Conference, 118, 163, 164, 166

YELL (Youth Education Life Line), 215

YMCA, 23

Young, Marilyn, 20-21

Young Women Committed to Action, 37

YWCA, 37, 65, 72, 85, 86, 188

Z Budapest, 154

Ziegenhagen, Mary, 73-74

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Sara Evans
is Distinguished McKnight University Professor of History at the University of Minnesota where she has taught women’s history since 1976. She has served as the director of the Center for Advanced
Feminist Studies
, chair of the Department of History, on the Board of Editors of Feminist Studies, and on the national boards of the American Studies Association and the Organization of American Historians. Born in a Methodist parsonage in South Carolina, Evans was a student activist in the civil rights and anti-war movements and she has been an active feminist since 1967.

“A thorough and rich look back at American women.”

—
The Houston Post

F
rom the indigenous women of the sixteenth-century wilderness to the dual-role career women and mothers of today.
Born for Liberty
brings American womanhood to center stage. In exploring the lives of pioneers and slaves, immigrants and factory workers, executives and homemakers, Sara M. Evans sheds light on their contributions to the shaping of America and transforms our notions about political participation and active citizenship.

“This chronicle of women in America is so interesting, informative and engagingly written that I found myself unable to put it down until I had completed it.”

—
Greensboro News & Record

Available wherever books are sold.

To learn about other great history and women’s studies books, visit
www.simonsays.com.

SERVING SANDWICHES
This picture from the early 1950s captures the polarized roles American culture prescribed for women and men before the tidal wave began. Women’s domestic responsibilities for the home (cleaning, food preparation, and child care) were matched by the male breadwinner role in the world of work outside the home. Though many women found opportunities for pleasure and creativity in their domestic roles, rigid ideas about what women should do frustrated growing numbers while they also justified ongoing discrimination against the millions of women who sought work outside the home, whether by choice or by economic necessity. MINNESOTA HISTORICAL SOCIETY

SHEET CLOSET, 1972
In 1971, the artist Judy Chicago led a collaborative group in the creation of
Womanhouse
in an abandoned house in Hollywood. In a series of fantasy environments they vividly depicted the women’s liberation movement’s rebellious critique of traditional domestic labor. Calling attention to women’s unpaid and invisible work inside the home, they implicitly demanded both recognition and freedom.
SHEET CLOSET
FROM
WOMANHOUSE
© SANDRA ORGEL 1972, MIXED MEDIA. PHOTO COURTESY OF THROUGH THE FLOWER ARCHIVES.

NOW FOUNDERS, 1966
Founders of the National Organization for Women (NOW) were a strikingly diverse group of middle-class professionals. This picture, taken on October 29, 1966, at the founding meeting in Washington, D.C, includes Dorothy Haener from the Women’s Department of the United Auto Workers; Sister Joel Read; Anna Arnold Hedgeman, a Harlem physician and leader of many African-American women’s organizations; Betty Friedan, author of the
The Feminine Mystique
; Inez Casiano, Hispanic union leader who later worked for EEOC; Richard Graham. Commissioner on the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission; and Inka O’Hanrahan, a San Francisco biologist. “NOW FOUNDERS” PHOTO BY VINCENT GRASSE, SCHLESINGER LIBRARY, RADCLIFFE INSTITUTE, HARVARD UNIVERSITY