Tudors (History of England Vol 2) (78 page)

Parry, Thomas,
ref 1

Parry, William,
ref 1

Parsons, Robert, SJ,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Paul III, pope: establishes Inquisition,
ref 1

Paulet, Sir Amyas,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Paulet, Sir William,
ref 1

Pavia, battle of (1525),
ref 1

Peasants’ Revolt (1381),
ref 1

Pembroke, William Herbert, 1st earl of,
ref 1

Percy, Sir Thomas,
ref 1

Peto, Father William,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Philip II, king of Spain: betrothal to Mary Tudor,
ref 1
; marriage to Mary in England,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; welcomes Pole to England,
ref 1
; visits Elizabeth,
ref 1
; leaves England,
ref 1
; leadership in Spanish Netherlands,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; as invasion threat against England,
ref 1
; declares war against Henry II,
ref 1
; returns to England,
ref 1
; proposes recapturing Calais,
ref 1
; proposes marriage to Elizabeth,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; supports Elizabeth against France,
ref 1
; and Elizabeth’s prospective marriage to Dudley,
ref 1
; and French wars of religion,
ref 1
; Elizabeth’s relations with,
ref 1
; proposes assisting Mary Stuart to English throne,
ref 1
; sends army to Netherlands,
ref 1
; marriage (to Isabella of France),
ref 1
; defeats in Netherlands,
ref 1
; and Elizabeth’s neutrality in Netherlands war,
ref 1
; Elizabeth supports over Anjou’s invasion of Netherlands,
ref 1
; Elizabeth’s diplomatic dealings with,
ref 1
; and Elizabeth’s relations with Anjou,
ref 1
; promotes rebellion in Ireland,
ref 1
; on throne of Portugal,
ref 1
; finances pro-Mary plot,
ref 1
; orders assassination of William of Orange,
ref 1
; treaty with Guise against Henry of Navarre and Elizabeth,
ref 1
; ships captured by British adventurers,
ref 1
; and settlement in Netherlands,
ref 1
; and fate of Mary queen of Scots,
ref 1
; plans invasion of England,
ref 1
; and despatch of Spanish Armada,
ref 1
; and defeat and return of Armada,
ref 1
; power,
ref 1
; England provokes,
ref 1
; and Essex’s expedition against Cadiz,
ref 1
; sends further armadas (1596–7),
ref 1
; death,
ref 1

Phillips, Thomas,
ref 1

Pilgrimage of Grace (1536),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Pinkie Cleugh, battle of (1547),
ref 1
,
ref 2

Pitcairn, Robert:
Ancient Criminal Trials in Scotland
,
ref 1

Pius V, pope: excommunicates Elizabeth,
ref 1

plague: (1537),
ref 1
; (1562),
ref 1

Plat, Robert,
ref 1

Plumpton, Robert,
ref 1

Pole, Sir Geoffrey,
ref 1

Pole, Margaret,
ref 1

Pole, Cardinal Reginald: as papal legate,
ref 1
; and mother’s beheading,
ref 1
; returns to England,
ref 1
; persecutions,
ref 1
; Mary Tudor’s reliance on,
ref 1
; made archbishop of Canterbury,
ref 1
; death,
ref 1
; learns of Mary’s death,
ref 1

Pontefract Castle: Aske threatens and occupies,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Poor Catholics of the Humiliati,
ref 1

poor laws,
ref 1
,
ref 2

population: rural decline,
ref 1
; increase,
ref 1

portents,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

Portugal: Philip annexes,
ref 1
; Elizabeth provokes unrest in,
ref 1
; Drake sails against,
ref 1

Potter, Gilbert,
ref 1

Poverty, Captain,
ref 1

praemunire
,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Prayer Book
see
Book of Common Prayer

predestination,
ref 1

Presbyterianism: beginnings,
ref 1
,
ref 2

prices: rise,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

priests: in Church of England,
ref 1

privateering: against Spain,
ref 1

privy council: restored under Northumberland,
ref 1
; Elizabeth meets on accession,
ref 1
; as authority on death of Elizabeth,
ref 1

Profitable and Necessary Doctrine, A
,
ref 1

‘prophesyings’ (exercises),
ref 1
,
ref 2

Protestant faith: and English Bible,
ref 1
; creed and practices,
ref 1
; persecuted under Mary Tudor,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
; opposition to Mary’s Catholicism,
ref 1
; under Elizabeth,
ref 1
; professed in Scotland,
ref 1
; persecuted in France,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
; radical activists,
ref 1
; spread in England,
ref 1
; influential supporters under Elizabeth,
ref 1
; and war against Spanish in Netherlands,
ref 1
; in continental Europe,
ref 1
; and submission to secular authority,
ref 1

Provisors, Statute of (1351),
ref 1

Puckering, Sir John,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Puritanism: beginnings,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; strength in universities,
ref 1
; Whitgift opposes,
ref 1
; members fight against Armada,
ref 1
; strength and influence,
ref 1
; opposition to,
ref 1
; portrayed on stage,
ref 1
; parliament legislates against,
ref 1

Queen’s Safety, Act for (1584),
ref 1
,
ref 2

Raleigh, Walter, Senior,
ref 1

Raleigh, Sir Walter,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Reading abbey,
ref 1

rebellions and riots: (1549),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
; Wyatt’s (1554),
ref 1
; northern (1569–70),
ref 1
;
see also
Pilgrimage of Grace

recusant priests,
ref 1

Reformation: beginnings,
ref 1
; effect on government,
ref 1
; as political and dynastic movement,
ref 1
; effect on individual and nation,
ref 1
; theology,
ref 1
; cultural effects,
ref 1
;
see also
Protestant faith

religion: affinity with agricultural changes,
ref 1
; disputes and controversies over,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
; imagery attacked,
ref 1
; Henry deplores differences,
ref 1
; in England at Henry’s death,
ref 1
; restrictions under Edward VI,
ref 1
; reforms restored under Elizabeth,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; visitations under Elizabeth,
ref 1
; active practitioners,
ref 1
; and rise of extreme Puritans,
ref 1
; sects established,
ref 1
; popular indifference to,
ref 1
;
see also
Book of Common Prayer; Catholic Church; Protestant faith

Restraint of Appeals, Act of (1533),
ref 1

Rich, Robert, 3rd baron (
later
earl of Warwick),
ref 1

Richard II, king,
ref 1

Richmond, Henry FitzRoy, Duke of (Henry VIII’s illegitimate son): birth,
ref 1
; Katherine of Aragon and,
ref 1
; as prospective successor to Henry,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; and death of Anne Boleyn,
ref 1
; death,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Ridley, Nicholas: meets at White Horse tavern,
ref 1
; detained and interrogated,
ref 1
; degraded and burnt at stake,
ref 1

Ridolfi, Roberto di,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Ripon,
ref 1

Rising of the North (1569–70),
ref 1

Rizzio (or Riccio), David,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Roanoke colony, North Carolina,
ref 1

Roche Abbey, Yorkshire,
ref 1

Rochford, George Boleyn, viscount (Anne Boleyn’s brother): executed,
ref 1

Rochford, Jane, viscountess,
ref 1

Rochford, Thomas Boleyn, 1st viscount (Anne’s father)
see
Wiltshire, earl of, 1763

Rogers, John, canon of St Paul’s,
ref 1

Rokewood, Edward,
ref 1

Rouen,
ref 1

Rowlands, Samuel,
ref 1

Rudd, Anthony, bishop of St David’s,
ref 1

Russell, John, baron (
later
1st earl of Bedford),
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Rutland, John Manners, 6th earl of,
ref 1

St Bartholomew’s Day massacre (14 August 1572),
ref 1

St Bartholomew’s hospital, London,
ref 1

St Margaret Pattens church, London,
ref 1

St Nicholas priory, Exeter,
ref 1

St Paul’s Cathedral, London: rood removed,
ref 1
; altar replaced,
ref 1
; damaged by lightning,
ref 1

St Thomas’s hospital, London,
ref 1

saints: as intercessors,
ref 1

Salisbury, Margaret Pole, countess of,
ref 1

Sampford Courtenay, Devon,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Sander, Nicholas,
ref 1

Santa Cruz, Don Alvaro de Bazan, marquis of,
ref 1

Saxton, Christopher,
ref 1

Scarborough: attacked by French ships,
ref 1

schools: founded and endowed,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Schorne, Master John,
ref 1

Scotland: war with England (1513),
ref 1
; Cromwell proposes war on (1522),
ref 1
; allies with France,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
; dissolution of monasteries,
ref 1
; border raids into England,
ref 1
; war with England (1542),
ref 1
; Hertford invades and ravages,
ref 1
; Protector Somerset hopes for union with England,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; Somerset invades (1547),
ref 1
; attack on England (1557),
ref 1
; Elizabeth seeks agreement with,
ref 1
; request to Elizabeth to remove French,
ref 1
; professes Protestant faith,
ref 1
; treaty of Edinburgh settles peace with England (1560),
ref 1
; James VI proclaimed king,
ref 1
; rebel northern earls flee to,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Scroope, Philadelphia, Lady,
ref 1

seminarians (Catholic): in England,
ref 1

Servetus, Michael,
ref 1

Seymour, Edward
see
Hertford, earl of; Somerset, 1st duke of

Seymour of Sudeley, Thomas, baron,
ref 1
; marriage to Katherine Parr,
ref 1
; relations with brother,
ref 1
; counsels Edward VI,
ref 1
; interest in Elizabeth,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; on Protector Somerset’s invasion of Scotland,
ref 1
; ambitions,
ref 1
; arrested, charged and beheaded,
ref 1

Shakespeare, William: use of English,
ref 1
;
A Midsummer Night’s Dream
,
ref 1
;
Twelfth Night
,
ref 1

Sharington, Sir Edward,
ref 1

Shaxton, Nicholas, bishop of Salisbury,
ref 1
,
ref 2

sheep: and change of land use,
ref 1

Sheffield Castle,
ref 1

Shrewsbury, George Talbot, 4th earl of,
ref 1

Shrewsbury, George Talbot, 6th earl of,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Sidney, Sir Philip,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Simier, Jean de,
ref 1

Six Articles, Act of (1539),
ref 1
; abolished,
ref 1

Sixtus V, pope,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Skelton, John,
ref 1
,
ref 2

slave trade: beginnings,
ref 1

Smeaton, Mark,
ref 1

Solway Moss, battle of (1543),
ref 1
,
ref 2

Somerset, Edward Seymour, 1st duke of (
earlier
earl of Hertford): burns Edinburgh,
ref 1
; at Henry’s death,
ref 1
; as religious reformer,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
; as Protector in Edward’s regency,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; tolerance,
ref 1
; hopes for union with Scotland,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; and national defence,
ref 1
; proclamations,
ref 1
; builds London palace,
ref 1
; invades Scotland (1547),
ref 1
,
ref 2
; warned of unrest in kingdom,
ref 1
; and arrest and execution of brother Thomas,
ref 1
; restores common land,
ref 1
; and Act of Uniformity,
ref 1
; and suppression of popular risings,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; deposed,
ref 1
; executed,
ref 1
; opposes Northumberland,
ref 1