Up and Down Stairs (51 page)

64
. Sim, pp. 72–4.

65
. Woolgar, p. 25.

66
. C.L. Kingsford,
Stonor Letter Papers
(1996), p. 21.

67
. Northumberland Household Book (1511), in (ed.) Williams, (1966), pp. 1088–9.

68
. ‘Northumberland Household Book 1511’, in (ed.) Williams, (1966), pp. 905–9. The date is now usually given as 1511/12.

69
. Goodall,
English Castle Architecture
.

70
. J. Scarisbrick,
The Reformation and The English People
(1984).

71
.
Shorter Oxford Dictionary
(1972), p. 835: ‘Of unknown etymology’; the original sense seems to be ‘Boy, male child’.

72
. ‘Northumberland Household Book (1511)’ in (ed.) Williams, (1966), p. 906.

73
. Peter Ackroyd,
The Life of Thomas More
(1999), p. 255.

74
. ‘Northumberland Household Book (1511)’ in (ed.) Williams, (1966), p. 1089.

75
. For early brewing, see Peter Sambrook,
Country House Brewing: 1500–1900
(1996).

76
. Kate Mertes,
The English Noble Household
,
1250–1600
(1988), pp. 1–17 and 103–36.

77
. Woolgar, p. 39.

78
. Woolgar, pp. 32–3.

79
. Luttrell Psalter (ff. 207v–208), see Janet Backhouse,
The Luttrell Psalter
(1989).

80
. P.W. Fleming, ‘Household Servants of the Yorkist and Early Tudor Gentry’ in
Early Tudor England
(1989), p. 29.

81
. Sim, p. 69.

82
. Woolgar, p. 38.

83
. Girouard,
Life in the English Country House
, p. 16; and Molly Harrison (ed.),
How They Lived
, Vol. II, p. 167.

84
. Douglas Gray, ‘Geoffrey Chaucer (1340–1400)’,
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
(2004–9).

85
. Ackroyd,
Life of Thomas More
, p. 29.

86
. Mark Thornton Burnett,
Masters and Servants in English Renaissance Drama and Culture
(1997), p. 177.

87
. Rosemary O’Day, ‘Roger Ascham (1514/15–1568)’,
New Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
(2004–9).

88
. Goodall,
English Castle Architecture
.

89
. Sim, p. 84.

90
. Woolgar, pp. 87–9.

91
. George Cavendish,
The Life and Death of Cardinal Wolsey
, first published by early English Text Society (No. 243), Oxford University Press, London 1959, edited by R.S. Sylvester, and accessible on the University of Toronto website ‘Renaissance English Texts’ Web Development Group, University of Toronto Library, 1997, general editor: Lan Lancashire; see (afterwards cited as Cavendish),
http://www.library.utoronto.ca/utel/ret/cavendish/cavendish.html
.

92
. Cavendish, pp. 1–23.

93
. Cavendish, p. 68.

94
. Susan Groom et al.,
The Taste of Fire
(2007).

95
. Sim, pp. 81–2.

96
. Maurice Howard,
The Early Tudor Country House: Architecture and Politics 1490–1550
(1987), pp. 72–8.

97
. Sim, p. 82.

98
. Sim, p. 82.

99
. John Russell, ‘Book of Courtesy’, in Edith Rickert and D.J. Naylor,
Babee’s Book: Medieval Manners for the Young
(1908), pp. 79–121.

100
. Woolgar, pp. 61–3.

101
. Howard, p. 73.

102
. Information on Westenhanger from the architect Charles Bain-Smith.

103
. Howard, p. 72.

104
. Woolgar, p. 73.

105
. George Edelen (ed.),
The Description of England by William Harrison
(1968), p. 201.

106
. Alice Friedman,
House and Household in Elizabethan England: Wollaton Hall and the Willoughby Family
(1988), pp. 41–5 (afterwards Friedman).

107
. Friedman, p. 44–5.

108
. Friedman, pp. 44–5.

109
. Friedman, Appendix A, ‘The Willoughby Household Orders of 1572’, pp. 185–6.

110
. Friedman, p. 185.

111
. Friedman, p. 186.

112
. Friedman, p. 186.

113
. Friedman, p. 186.

114
. I.M.,
A Health to the Gentlemanly Profession of Serving-Men
(1598) (Shakespeare Association Facsimile 1931), afterwards cited as
A Health
.

115
.
A Health
, fol. B2 verso.

116
.
A Health
, fol. B3 recto.

117
.
A Health
, fol. B3 recto.

118
.
A Health
, fol. C3 recto.

119
.
A Health
, fol. C3 recto.

120
.
A Health
, fol. D1 verso.

121
. Nicholas Cooper,
Houses of the Gentry 1480–1680
(1999), p. 271.

1
. Cooper, pp. 268–72.

2
. Philippa Glanville, and Hilary Young,
Elegant Eating
(2002), pp. 48–50.

3
. J.T. Cliffe,
The World of the Country House in Seventeenth-Century England
(1999), p. 96 (afterwards cited as Cliffe).

4
. Girouard,
Life in the English Country House
, p. 138.

5
. Lucy Worsley,
Cavalier: A Tale of Chivalry, Passion and Great Houses
(2007), p. 241.

6
. Cliffe, p. 198.

7
. Cooper, pp. 270–1.

8
.
The Gentlewomans Companion
(1675), pp. 5–9.

9
. John Considine, ‘Hannah Wolley (1622?–1647?)’,
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
(2004–9), and Gilly Lehmann,
The British Housewife
(2003), pp. 48–9.

10
. Diane Purkiss,
The People’s Civil War
(2007), pp. 347–50; Lehmann, pp. 48–9.

11
. Vicary Gibbs (ed.),
The Complete Peerage
(1932), Vol. III p. 600.

12
. Nikolaus Pevnser and James Bettley (eds),
Buildings of England
:
Essex
(2006), p. 552.

13
. Gibbs, p. 600.

14
. Robert May,
The Accomplisht Cook
(1684).

15
.
Cook’s Guide
(1664), as quoted in Matthew Hamlyn,
The Recipes of Hannah Wooley
(1988), p. 12.

16
.
Cook’s Guide
(1664), as quoted in Matthew Hamlyn,
The Recipes of Hannah Wooley
(1988), p. 12.

17
. Gilly Lehmann,
The British Housewife
(2003), pp. 48–9; and see Women Writers Resource Project at the Lewis H. Beck Center, Emory University, 1998.

18
.
The Gentlewomans Companion
(1675), pp. 11–13.

19
.
Queen-Like Closet
(1670), pp. 378–9.

20
.
The Gentlewomans Companion
(1675), p. 204.

21
.
The Gentlewomans Companion
(1675), pp. 5–9.

22
. At Knole, by kind permission of Lord Sackville; also in David Clifford (ed.),
The Diaries of Lady Anne Clifford
(2003), pp. 274–5.

23
. John Aubrey,
Brief Lives
(1982), p. 225.

24
. Clifford, p. 101.

25
. Robert Sackville-West,
Knole
(1994), p. 12.

26
. Lita-Rose Betcherman,
Court Lady and Country Wife
(2005), p. 127.

27
. The Knole Catalogue is quoted with permission of Lord Sackville.

28
. Miles Hadfield,
A History of British Gardening
(1985).

29
. Jennifer Potter,
Strange Blooms: The Curious Lives and Adventures of the John Tradescants
(2006), pp. 9 and 63–4.

30
. Potter,
Strange Blooms
, p. 64

31
. Christina Hole,
English Home-Life 1500 to 1800
(1947), p. 37.

32
. Clifford, p. 274.

33
. Clifford, p. 32.

34
. Clifford, p. 33.

35
. Clifford, p. 80.

36
. Clifford, pp. 98–9.

37
. Sara-Jayne Steen (ed.),
The Letters of Lady Arbella Stuart
(1994), p. 234.

38
. Dorothea Townshend,
The Life and Letters of the Great Earl of Cork
(1904), pp. 125–30; the household list is on p. 302; bequests to servants are listed on pp. 499–502 afterwards cited as Townshend.

39
. Townshend, p. 126.

40
. Toby Barnard, ‘Robert Boyle, First Earl of Cork (1566–1643);
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
(2004–9).

41
. Townshend, p. 300.

42
. Townshend, pp. 499–502.

43
. Townshend, pp. 1288–9.

44
. Cliffe, pp. 105–6.

45
. Cliffe, pp. 96–7.

46
. Cliffe, pp. 105–106.

47
. Adam Eyre,
Diary
, quoted in Christina Hole,
English Home-Life
(1974), p. 18.

48
. William Gouge,
An Exposition of the Domesticall Duties
(1622), pp. 499–500.

49
. Cliffe, p. 97.

50
. Daniel Parsons (ed.),
The Diary of Sir Henry Slingsby
(1836) (afterwards cited as
Slingsby
), pp. 5–6 and pp. 26–7.