Up and Down Stairs (52 page)

51
.
Slingsby
, p. 23.

52
. Cynthia Herrup,
A House in Gross Disorder
(1999), pp. 16–24 and pp. 40–3.

53
. Herrup, p. 19.

54
. Herrup, p. 19.

55
. Herrup, p. 19.

56
. John Morrill,
Revolt in the Provinces: The People of England and the Tragedies of War
(1999), pp. 57–68 and 164.

57
. Audrey Sidebotham,
Brampton Bryan: Church and Castle
(1990), pp. 17–19.

58
. Thomas Taylor-Lewis (ed.),
Letters of the Lady Brilliana Harley
(1854), pp. xix–xx.

59
. Sir Harry Verney,
The Verneys of Claydon
(1968), pp. 33 and 40 (afterwards Verney).

60
. Charles Carlton,
Going to the Wars
(1992), p. 51.

61
. Verney, p. 33 and p. 40.

62
. Daniel Defoe,
Memoirs of a Cavalier
(1908), p. 173.

63
. John Aubrey,
Brief Lives
(1982), p. 154.

64
. Verney, pp. 46–7.

65
. Miriam Slater,
Family Life in the Seventeenth Century
(1984), pp. 112–13.

66
. Slater, p. 113.

67
. Verney, p. 47.

68
. Slater, p. 72.

69
. Verney, p. 51.

70
. Verney, p. 82.

71
. Verney, p. 85.

72
. Susan Whyman,
Sociability and Power in Late-Stuart England
(1999), p. 26 (afterwards Whyman).

73
. Whyman, p. 35.

74
. Verney, p. 171.

75
. Whyman, p. 117.

76
. Whyman, p. 22.

77
. Dorothy Stuart,
The English Abigail
(1946), pp. 61–81.

78
. Whyman, p. 60.

79
. Gladys Scott Thomson,
Life in a noble household 1641–1700
(1965), pp. 85–91 (afterwards Scott Thomson).

80
. Scott Thomson, pp. 118 and 328–30.

81
. Scott Thomson, p. 119.

82
. Scott Thomson, pp. 120–1.

83
. Scott Thomson, pp. 142–3 and p. 151.

84
. Scott Thomson, pp. 124–5.

85
. Scott Thomson, p. 125.

86
. Cliffe, p. 101.

87
. Cliffe, p. 101.

88
. D.R. Hainsworth,
Stewards, Lords and People: The Estate Steward and his World in Later Stuart England
(1992), p. 47.

89
. Cliffe, p. 105.

90
. Giles Waterfield et al. (eds),
Below Stairs
(2004), p. 143 (afterwards Waterfield).

91
. Sim, pp. 36–8.

92
. See M. Sherlock,
The Story of the Jamaican People
(1998) and Bonham C. Richardson,
The Caribbean in the Wider World 1492–1992
(1992).

93
. Claire Tomalin,
Samuel Pepys: The Unequalled Self
(2002), p. 410, n. 27.

94
. Whyman, p. 7.

95
. Andrew Browning (ed.),
Memoirs of Sir John Reresby
(2nd edn, 1991), p. 108 (afterwards Browning).

96
. Browning, p. 108.

97
. Browning, p. 109.

98
. For more on the current debate on authorship, see Women Writers Resource Project at the Lewis H. Beck Center at Emory University, Atlanta; see
http://chaucer.library.emory.edu/wwrp
.

99
.
The Gentlewomans Companion
(2nd edn, 1675), pp. 204–17; also see
The Compleat Servant Maid
(1685).

100
.
The Gentlewomans Companion
, p. 205.

101
.
The Gentlewomans Companion
, p. 121.

102
.
The Gentlewomans Companion
, p. 206.

103
.
The Gentlewomans Companion
, pp. 207–8.

104
.
The Gentlewomans Companion
, pp. 212–3.

105
.
The Gentlewomans Companion
, p. 213.

106
.
The Gentlewomans Companion
, p. 214.

107
.
The Gentlewomans Companion
, pp. 214–5.

108
.
The Gentlewomans Companion
, pp. 215–6.

109
.
The Gentlewomans Companion
, p. 216.

110
.
The Gentlewomans Companion
, pp. 215–16.

111
.
The Gentlewomans Companion
, pp. 108–10.

112
.
The Gentlewomans Companion
, p. 110

113
. Worsley, p. 240.

114
. Worsley, p. 236.

115
. Cliffe, p. 97.

116
. Tom Jaine, ‘Mary Evelyn’s Oeconomis to a Married Friend’ (1677),
Petits Propos Calinaries
, Vol. 73, July 2003, pp. 59–73 (afterwards Jaine), which includes a full version of the text from a manuscript at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, Texas; the review is published on
dialspace.dial.pipex.com
.

117
. Jaine, p. 65.

118
. Jaine, p. 66.

119
. Jaine, p. 71.

120
. Jaine, p. 71.

121
. Jaine, p. 72.

122
. Jaine, p. 72.

123
. Girouard,
Life in the English Country House
p. 138, and Colin Plate,
The Great Rebuildings of Tudor and Stuart England
(1994), pp. 157–8, p. 103.

124
. Christopher Morris (ed.),
The Illustrated Journeys of Celia Fiennes
(1982), p. 47.

125
. Cliffe, pp. 103–4.

126
. Cliffe, p. 104.

127
. Cliffe, p. 104.

128
. John Evelyn,
Diary
(1956), pp. 639–40.

129
. Cooper, p. 272.

130
. Cooper, p. 272.

131
. Cooper, pp. 287–9.

132
. Cooper, p. 289.

133
. Mary Yakushi, and others (ed.),
The Treasure Houses of Britain
(1985), p. 147.

134
. Cliffe, p. 104.

1
. See especially Mark Girouard,
Life in the English Country House
(1978), pp. 181–244; Christopher Christie,
The British Country House in the Eighteenth Century
(2000), pp. 98–128; and Pamela Horn,
Flunkeys and Scullions: Life Below Stairs in Georgian England
(2004); Jean Hecht,
The Domestic Servant Class in Eighteenth Century England
(1956).

2
. Phyllis Cunnington,
The Costume of Household Servants
, p. 49.

3
. Hartcup, p. 17.

4
. John Macdonald,
Memoirs of an Eighteenth-Century Footman
(1985), edited by Peter Quennell (original published 1790), afterwards cited as Macdonald.

5
. Macdonald, p. xv.

6
. Macdonald, p. ix.

7
. Macdonald, p. 145.

8
. Gillian Pugh,
London’s Forgotten Children
(2007).

9
. Macdonald, p. 11.

10
. Macdonald, p. 20.

11
. Macdonald, p. 24.

12
. Macdonald, pp. 26–7.

13
. Information from James Knox and Mrs Dalrymple-Hamilton.

14
. Macdonald, p. 27.

15
. Macdonald, p. 31.

16
. Macdonald, p. 33.

17
. Macdonald, p. 38.

18
. Macdonald, pp. 38–9.

19
. Macdonald, p. 50.

20
. Macdonald, p. 52.

21
. Horn,
Flunkeys
, pp. 155–8.

22
. Jonathan Swift,
Directions to Servants
(2003), first printed 1745, pp. 3–5.

23
. Swift, p. viii.

24
.
Spectator
, vol. II, Monday, 11 June 1711, p. 40.

25
. Ralph Dutton,
The English Country House
(1935), p. 63.

26
. Hecht, p. 57.

27
. Horn,
Flunkeys
, pp. 16–19.

28
. Horn,
Flunkeys
, p. 19; and E.S. Turner,
What the Butler Saw
(1962), pp. 289–90.

29
. Horn,
Rise and Fall
, p. 6.

30
. Horn,
Flunkeys
, p. 38; and Girouard,
Life in the English Country House
, pp. 139–140.

31
. D. Mortlock,
Aristocratic Splendour
(2007), p. 193.

32
. Christie, p. 117.

33
. Hecht, pp. 40–1.

34
. Christie, p. 117.

35
. Hecht, pp. 40–1.

36
. Horn,
Flunkeys
, pp. 17–19.

37
. Hecht, pp. 42–3.

38
. Christie, p. 117; and Duke of Norfolk estates, Arundel Castle, MS A93, wages lists for 1779 and 1781.