Vodka Politics (106 page)

5
. “Putin’s Inauguration Speech,” BBC News, May 7, 2000,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/monitoring/media_reports/739432.stm
(accessed Nov. 5, 2010).

6
. Nikolai Chekhovskii, “Gosmonopoliya na zhidkuyu valyutu,”
Segodnya
, Sept. 9, 2000, 2; AFI, “Aktsii ‘Kristalla’ perevedeny v federal’nuyu sobstvennost’,”
Segodnya
, Sept. 13, 2000, 5.

7
. Marshall I. Goldman,
Petrostate: Putin, Power, and the New Russia
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), 98–99.

8
. “Natsional’nyi proekt ‘Dostupnyu alkogol’,”
Ekspert Sibir
’, Feb. 19, 2007,
http://expert.ru/siberia/2007/07/rynok_alkogolya_editorial/
(accessed Aug. 27, 2013); translated in: Anna Bailey, “Explaining Rosalkogol’regulirovaniye. Why Does Russia Have a New Federal Alcohol Regulator?” in:
Alkogol’ v Rossii: Materialy vtoroi mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii (Ivanovo, 28–29 oktyabrya 2011
), ed. Nikolai V. Dem’yanenko (Ivanovo: Filial RGGU v g. Ivanovo, 2011), 105.

9
. Jim Heintz, “Vodka Dispute Shows Russia Chaos,” Sept. 26, 2000, AP News Archive,
http://www.apnewsarchive.com/2000/Vodka-Dispute-Shows-Russia-Chaos/id-d45f0cd2f85248828e5368441009fcf0
(accessed Aug. 6, 2013); Fred Weir, “In Russia, Hostile Takeover Takes on a New Meaning,” Christian Science Monitor, Aug. 8, 2000,
http://www.csmonitor.com/2000/0808/p7s2.html
(accessed Feb. 12, 2012).

10
. Pavlov, “Violent DTS at Kristall,” 14; Aleksei Sivov, “Ognennoi vodoi ne razlit’,”
Izvestiya
, Aug. 7, 2000, 20.

11
. Lambroschini, “Stand-Off at Vodka Distillery Continues.”

12
. Ibid.; Aleksandr Nikonov, “Kristall’nyi vopros,”
Ogonek
, Aug. 14, 2000, 20; Ekaterina Kats, “Kristal’no gryaznyi skandal,”
Segodnya
, Aug. 7, 2000, 1–2; Il’ya Khrennikov and Nikolai Chekhovskii, “Operatsiya ‘burya v stakane’,”
Segodnya
, Aug. 10, 2000, 2.

13
. Heintz, “Vodka Dispute Shows Russia Chaos.”

14
. Lambroschini, “Stand-Off at Vodka Distillery Continues.”

15
. Chekhovskii, “Gosmonopoliya na zhidkuyu valyutu,” 2; Dmitrii Khitarov, “Dobro i kulaki,”
Itogi
, Oct. 24, 2000, 4.

16
. Aleksei Makarkin, “Sdavaite vodku, grazhdane,”
Segodnya
, May 30, 2000, 2.

17
. The Gusinsky raid took place May 11, 2000—predating the similar raid on Kristall. David Hoffman,
The Oligarchs: Wealth and Power in the New Russia
, revised and updated (New York: PublicAffairs, 2011), 477–78.

18
. Ol’ga Kryshtanovskaya and Stephen White, “The Sovietization of Russian Politics,”
Post-Soviet Affairs
25, no. 4 (2009): 287.

19
. Masha Gessen, “The Wrath of Putin,”
Vanity Fair
, April 2012,
http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/2012/04/vladimir-putin-mikhail-khodorkovsky-russia
(accessed May 5, 2012).

20
. Angus Roxburgh,
Strongman: Vladimir Putin and the Struggle for Russia
(New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012), 289; Robyn Dixon, “Business Rivals Don’t Mix in Standoff at Vodka Plant,”
Los Angeles Times
, Aug. 8, 2000,
http://articles.latimes.com/print/2000/aug/08/news/mn-629
(accessed Feb. 12, 2012). On the organization of raids under Putin and Medvedev see Daniel Treisman,
The Return: Russia’s Journey from Gorbachev to Medvedev
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011), 140–41.

21
. Alena V. Ledeneva,
Can Russia Modernise? Sistema, Power Networks and Informal Governance
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013), 188–92.

22
. See ibid., 96, 113.

23
. See
chapter 1
; Richard Sakwa,
Putin: Russia’s Choice
, 2nd ed. (New York: Routledge, 2008), 2.

24
. Andrew Jack,
Inside Putin’s Russia
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), 51; Vladimir Putin,
First Person: An Astonishingly Frank Self-Portrait by Russia’s President
(New York: PublicAffairs, 2000), 19.

25
. Interview with Lyudmila Putina, in Putin,
First Person
, 150.

26
. “Russian Politicians Learn to Say Goodbye to Vodka,”
Pravda
, March 19, 2008,
http://english.pravda.ru/history/19–03-2008/104564-russian_vodka-0
(accessed Feb. 10, 2010).

27
. Boris El’tsin,
Prezidentskii marafon
(Moscow: Izdatel’stvo ACT, 2000), 315.

28
. Some contend the bombings were actually part of a FSB coup d’etat to bring Putin to the presidency. Putin’s foremost accuser, former FSB whistleblower Aleksandr Litvinenko, was poisoned with radioactive polonium-210 in London in November 2006. Aleksandr Litvinenko and Yuri Felshtinsky,
Blowing up Russia: The Secret Plot to Bring Back KGB Terror
(New York: Encounter Books, 2007).

29
. Emma Gilligan,
Terror in Chechnya: Russia and the Tragedy of Civilians in War
(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2009), 31–32.

30
. Lilia Shevtsova,
Russia—Lost in Transition: The Yeltsin and Putin Legacies
(Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2007), 36–41.

31
. The connotation obviously depends on the position of the author. See Treisman,
Return
, 232; Anders Åslund, “Putinomics,”
Peterson Institute for International Economics
, Dec. 3, 2007,
http://www.iie.com/publications/opeds/oped.cfm?ResearchID=852
(accessed Feb. 14, 2012). Also see Sean Guillory, “A Genealogy of ‘Putinism’,” Sean’s Russia Blog, Dec. 23, 2007,
http://seansrussiablog.org/2007/12/23/a-geneology-of-putinism
(accessed Dec. 12, 2010). On Russian “semi-feudalism” see Vladimir Shlapentokh, “Russia’s Acquiescence to Corruption Makes the State Machine Inept,”
Communist and Post-Communist Studies
36, no. 2 (2003): 158.

32
. Mark R. Beissinger,
Nationalist Mobilization and Collapse of the Soviet State
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 265.

33
. Consider the “notorious” Nenets distiller, Aleksandr Sabadash: Aleksei Vasilevetskii, “V Sovet Federatsii prishla bol’shaya vodka,”
Kommersant
’, June 26, 2003,
http://kommersant.ru/doc/391593
(accessed March 17, 2013).

34
. Virginie Coulloudon, “Putin’s Russia: A Confusing Notion of Corruption,” Working Paper, Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination at Princeton University, August 2003, 10–11.

35
. Nikolai Petrov and Darrell Slider, “The Regions under Putin and After,” in
After Putin’s Russia: Past Imperfect, Future Uncertain
, ed. Stephen K. Wegren and Dale R. Herspring (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2010), 66–70.

36
. Yulia Latynina, “Inside Russia: Heavyweights Still Waging Centralization,”
Moscow Times
, Sept. 20, 2000; cited in: Anna Bailey, “Explaining Rosalkogol’regulirovaniye,” 105. See also Nina Petlyanova, “Soobrazili na svoikh,”
Novaya gazeta
, March 4, 2011,
http://www.novayagazeta.ru/politics/6856.html
(accessed Aug. 27, 2013).

37
. New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann, 285 U.S. 262, 311 (1932) (Brandeis, J., dissenting).

38
. Ekaterina Zhuravskaya, “Federalism in Russia,” in
Russia after the Global Economic Crisis
, ed. Anders Åslund, Sergei Guriev, and Andrew Kuchins (Washington, D.C.: Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2010), 61. On the weakness of
samoupravlenie
, or local
self-government, see Tomila V. Lankina,
Governing the Locals: Local Self-Government and Ethnic Mobilization in Russia
(Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004), 141–43; Peter Reddaway and Robert W. Orttung, eds.,
The Dynamics of Russian Politics: Putin’s Reform of Federal-Regional Relations
, 2 vols. (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005); Vladimir Gel’man, “The Politics of Local Government in Russia: The Neglected Side of the Story,”
Perspectives on European Politics and Society
3, no. 3 (2002).

39
. Artyom Gil et al., “Alcohol Policy in a Russian Region: A Stakeholder Analysis,”
European Journal of Public Health
(2010): 1. More generally see Judyth Twigg, “Health Care under the Federal Reforms,” in
The Dynamics of Russian Politics: Putin’s Reform of Federal-Regional Relations
, ed. Peter Reddaway and Robert W. Orttung (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005), 420–22.

40
. Gil et al., “Alcohol Policy in a Russian Region,” 3–4.

41
. Ibid., 5–6.

42
. Michele A. Berdy, “Chernomyrdin’s Linguistic Legacy,”
Moscow Times
, Nov. 12, 2010.

43
. David Satter,
Darkness at Dawn: The Rise of the Russian Criminal State
(New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2003), 60; Kaj Hobér,
The Impeachment of President Yeltsin
(Huntington, N.Y.: Juris, 2004), 60–71.

44
. Satter,
Darkness at Dawn
, 61–63.

45
. Kryshtanovskaya and White, “Sovietization of Russian Politics,” 290–91; Shevtsova,
Russia—Lost in Transition
, 48.

46
. Mikhail Myagkov, Peter C. Ordeshook, and Dimitri Shakin,
The Forensics of Election Fraud: Russia and Ukraine
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 71–137; M. Steven Fish,
Democracy Derailed in Russia: The Failure of Open Politics
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 30–81; Shevtsova,
Russia—Lost in Transition
, 299–300.

47
. Shevtsova,
Russia—Lost in Transition
, 25.

48
. Sakwa,
Putin
, 103–4; Vicki L. Hesli, “Parliamentary and Presidential Elections in Russia: The Political Landscape in 1999 and 2000,” in
The 1999–2000 Elections in Russia: Their Impact and Legacy
, ed. Vicki L. Hesli and William M. Reisinger (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 15–16.

49
. Daniel Treisman, “Russian Politics in a Time of Economic Turmoil,” in
Russia after the Global Economic Crisis
, ed. Anders Åslund, Sergei Guriev, and Andrew Kuchins (Washington, D.C.: Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2010), 46–51.

50
. Richard Stengel, “Choosing Order before Freedom,”
Time
, Dec. 31, 2007, 45.

51
. Kathryn Hendley, “The Law in Post-Putin Russia,” in
After Putin’s Russia: Past Imperfect, Future Uncertain
, ed. Stephen K. Wegren and Dale R. Herspring (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2010), 87–93; Shevtsova,
Russia—Lost in Transition
, 295.

52
. Richard Sakwa, “Putin’s Leadership,” in
Putin’s Russia
, ed. Dale R. Herspring (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007), 24–29; Alexandr Dugin, “The World Needs to Understand Putin,”
Financial Times
, March 12, 2013,
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/67fa00d2-874b-11e2–9dd7-00144feabdc0.html
(accessed March 12, 2013).

53
. Allen C. Lynch,
How Russia Is Not Ruled: Reflections on Russian Political Development
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 7; Shevtsova,
Russia—Lost in Transition
, 294.

54
. Kryshtanovskaya and White, “Sovietization of Russian Politics,” 293; Sakwa, “Putin’s Leadership,” 29; Shevtsova,
Russia—Lost in Transition
, 63.

55
. Nikolai Troitsky, “Viktor Chernoymrdin: The End of Two Eras,” RIA-Novosti, Nov. 3, 2010,
http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20101103/161203286.html
(accessed Feb. 29, 2012).

56
. See, for instance, Anders Åslund,
How Capitalism Was Built: The Transformation of Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, and Central Asia
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 189.

57
. Alcohol poisonings in Russia in 2008 were 16.9 per 100,000, according to Goskomstat:
http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/dem5_bd.htm/
.

58
. Michael Specter, “The Devastation,”
New Yorker
, Oct. 11, 2004, 61.

59
. “Russians Lose a Centimeter,”
Moscow Times
, May 23, 2007; Tom Parfitt, “Spin Doctors Reinvent the ‘Nano-President’,”
The Observer
, March 1, 2008; Murray Feshbach, “The Russian Military: Population and Health Constraints,” in
Russian Power Structures: Present and Future Roles in Russian Politics
, ed. Jan Leijonhielm and Fredrik Westerlund (Stockholm: FOI,
Swedish Defense Research Agency, 2007), 138–47; “Teenagers’ Health Worsens—RF Chief Pediatrician,” ITAR-TASS Daily, May 12, 2012.

60
. Vladimir Putin, “Annual Address to the Federal Assembly,” May 10, 2006,
http://archive.kremlin.ru/eng/speeches/2006/05/10/1823_type70029type82912_105566.shtml
(accessed Nov. 11, 2011).