Wallach's Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests: Pathways to Arriving at a Clinical Diagnosis (768 page)

   Porphyria

   Dehydration with hyperproteinemia

   Hypophosphatasia

   Idiopathic hypercalcemia of infancy

   Concomitant hypokalemia is not infrequent in hypercalcemia. Concomitant dehydration is almost always present because hypercalcemia causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Decreased In (Tables 16.13 and 16.14)

   Hypoparathyroidism

   Surgical

   Idiopathic infiltration of parathyroids (e.g., sarcoid, amyloid, hemochromatosis, tumor)

TABLE 16–13. Serum Phosphate, PTH, and Vitamin D Levels in Various Hypocalcemic Disorders

PO
₄
, phosphate; N, normal; I, increased; D, decreased.

TABLE 16–14. Variations of Various Serum and Urine Analytes in Association with Hypocalcemic Disorders

   Hereditary (e.g., DiGeorge syndrome)

   Pseudohypoparathyroidism

   Chronic renal disease with uremia and phosphate retention, Fanconi syndromes, renal tubular acidosis