Why Growth Matters (39 page)

Bankruptcy laws,
110

Banks,
8
,
11
,
51
,
53
,
118
,
202

Bhagwati, Jagdish,
49
,
88–89
,
90

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP),
14

Bhore Committee report (1946),
179

Bidwai, Praful,
36

Bihar,
49
,
50
,
187

Billionaires,
45
,
50
,
52

Bisoi, Dilip,
127

BJP.
See
Bharatiya Janata Party

Body mass index (BMI),
67–68
,
168

Bofors scandal,
85–86

Borlaug, Dr. Norman,
174

Borrowing,
9
,
31
.
See also
Debt

Brain drain,
140

Brazil,
65
,
132
,
182

Bretton Woods institutions,
89–91

Breyer, Stephen,
125

Bribes,
86
,
87
,
161
,
187
,
198
.
See also
Corruption

Broadcasting,
203

Browne (Lord),
139

BT seeds.
See
Bacillus thuringiensis
seeds

Cain, Jewel,
44

Cairncross, Frances,
140

Calorie consumption,
67
,
165–169
,
166
(fig. 15.1),
167–168
,
168–169
,
170
,
171
,
172

Capital-intensive

      
products/enterprises.
See under
Industry

Capitalism,
54

Capital markets,
109

Carnegie, Andrew,
51
,
52
,
54

Cash transfers.
See under
Redistribution

Cell phones,
25
,
87
,
95

Central African Republic,
64

Chad,
64

Chakraborty, Pinaki,
49
,
72

Chari, Anusha,
54

Chasin, Barbara,
68–69

Children,
17
,
57
,
75
,
76
,
112
,
168

      
childbirth,
183

child nutrition,
62–67
,
68
,
177

      
elite children,
66

      
stunted/overweight children,
60
(table),
64
(fig.),
64
,
65–66

      
See also
Education:
primary/secondary
;
Infant/child mortality

China,
19
,
28
,
55
,
57
,
58
,
60
(table),
60–61
,
61
(fig.),
91
,
97
,
103
,
111
,
121
,
128
,
132
,
202

      
capital stock per worker in,
107

      
Cultural Revolution in,
136

      
defense spending of,
206–207

      
demand for labor in,
207

      
exports of,
106

      
firm size in,
108
(fig.),
108
,
117

      
Guangdong province,
207

      
and hybrid rice varieties,
174

      
higher education in,
135
,
136

      
India–China growth comparisons,
61
,
206–208

      
Pearl River Delta in,
101–102

Christians,
75
,
76
,
77

City buses,
88
,
89

Clothing,
15
,
16
,
40
,
104
,
106
(table),
106
,
149
,
153
.
See also
Apparel

Coal,
8
,
53

Coca Cola,
88
,
89

Cochin,
74
,
75

Collective action problem,
178

Collector of Malabar,
77

Columbia University,
46
,
62

Communist Parties of India
and
China,
85
,
207

Comparative advantage,
121

Computers,
207

Congress Party,
13
,
203

      
Congress Forum for Socialist Action,
11

      
Syndicate in,
11

Constitution,
17
,
39
,
111

      
86th Constitution (86th Amendment) Act of 2002,
189–190

Consumption,
8
,
15
,
22
(fig.),
40
,
48
,
155

      
conspicuous consumption,
46
,
51

      
consumption patterns,
150–152

      
of electricity,
132
(fig.),
132

      
of fast food,
149

Contract Labor (Regulation and Abolition) Act (1970),
115
,
121

Corruption,
10
,
50
,
51
,
52
,
54
,
85–89
,
113
,
149
,
152
,
154
,
162
,
182
,
203

      
anticorruption mass movements,
205

      
See also
Bribes

Credit,
87
,
117

Crisis of 2008,
19
,
202–203

Dalit
crorepatis
,
39
,
54

Das, Deb Kusum,
103

Das, Jishnu,
181

DasGupta, Monica,
178–179

Deaton, Angus,
48
,
168

Debroy, Bibek,
122

Debt,
9
,
19
,
84
.
See also
Borrowing

Deficits,
9
,
160
,
203

Dehejia, Rageev,
39

Delhi,
144
,
194–195

DeLong, Bradford,
29–30

Democracy,
1
,
53
,
207
,
208

Desai, Padma,
90
,
91

Deshpande, R. S.,
84

Developing countries,
10
,
111

Development issues,
4
,
9
,
27
,
35
,
68
,
69
,
111
.
See also
Economic growth
; Myths:
about development strategy

Discovery of India, The
(Nehru),
13

Disease,
2
,
17
,
177
,
178
.
See also
Malaria

Dixon, Pauline,
194–195

Drèze, Jean,
48
,
66–67
,
88
,
89
,
168

Drought,
158
,
163

Dutta, Puja,
161

Economic and Political Weekly
,
66

Economic growth,
9
,
67
,
70
,
87
,
118
,
129
,
137

      
and crisis of 2008,
203

      
and diffusion effect,
49

      
and elementary education,
193

      
as end in itself,
12
,
14

      
future prospects concerning,
205–208

      
and government controls,
8

      
India–China growth comparisons,
61
,
206–208

      
potential for,
97

      
and poverty reduction,
2–3
,
4
,
9
,
10
,
12–13
,
14
,
16
,
19–20
,
21
,
22–25
,
32
,
33
,
54
,
95–96
,
98
,
202
,
204
,
206

      
and reforms,
10
,
28
,
29–32
,
39
,
145

      
in South Korea,
98

      
surge in rates beginning 2003–2004,
45
,
82

Education,
3
,
14
,
16
,
21
,
23
,
50
,
67
,
76–77
,
78
,
88
,
117
,
151
,
152
,
153
,
160

      
and caste-and religion-based groups,
76

      
enrollment ratios,
190–192
(figs.)

      
higher education,
135–141

      
medical education,
137
,
186–187

      
norms and standards for all schools,
197–198

primary/secondary,
17
,
18
,
75
,
149
,
153
,
154
,
189–199

      
private schools,
73
,
193–195

      
public vs. private schools,
193–195

      
tuition fees,
138
,
141
,
193
,
198

      
universal elementary education,
189
,
191
,
193

      
unrecognized schools,
193–195
,
198

      
See also
Literacy/illiteracy
;
Teachers
;
Vouchers

“Economic Reforms: Fountain Head of Corruption” (Yadav)
85–86

Elderly people,
161
,
186

Elections,
11
,
28

Electricity,
14
,
53
,
89
,
104
,
133
,
160
,
174

      
Electricity Act (2003),
131

Electronics,
104
,
106

Elite families,
66
,
193

Employees' Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act (1952),
113

Employees' State Insurance Act (1948),
112

Employment,
23
,
25
,
27
,
39
,
42
,
46–47
,
77
,
95
,
97
,
98
,
101

      
in agriculture,
83
,
98
,
99
,
101
,
102
,
103
,
144

      
capital stock per worker,
107

      
contract workers,
115

      
employment share by firm size,
108
(fig.)

lay-offs/retrenchments,
8
,
24
,
114
,
118
,
122
,
123
,
194
(
see also
Unemployment
)

      
in public works programs,
154

      
reassignment of workers,
122

      
worker safety,
112

      
See also
Labor
;
National Rural
Employment Guarantee Scheme/Act; Poverty: and providing employment

Employment-Unemployment Survey,
50

Engineering goods,
24
,
53
,
54
,
98
,
104

Entrepreneurs,
39
,
40
,
46
,
53
,
54
,
86
,
102
,
111
,
116
,
131
,
149
,
187
,
206

Essential Commodities Act of 1955,
144

European Union,
202

Expenditures,
17
,
21
,
24
,
25
,
70
,
149
,
155
,
160
,
178
,
179
,
183

      
expenditure surveys,
34
,
41
,
42
,
43
,
47
,
69
,
72
,
167