Why Growth Matters (42 page)

Patronage,
3

Paul, Sourabh B.,
50

Payment of Bonus Act (1965)
and
Payment of Gratuity Act (1972),
113

Planning Commission,
7
,
18
,
20
,
34
,
35
,
39
,
40–42
,
130–131
,
185

Policy paralysis,
203
,
204

Politics,
3

Population issues,
16
,
34
,
186

POSCO Korean firm,
126
,
127

Poverty,
7
,
15
,
19
,
69
,
150
,
153
,
181
,
185
,
196
,
197

      
and calorie consumption,
168–169

      
economics of poverty removal,
1
,
2

      
and inequality,
69

      
poverty line,
32
,
32
(fig.),
34
,
35
,
40–42
,
96
,
184

      
poverty ratio,
32–33
,
33
(fig.),
35
,
37
,
38
(fig.),
44

      
and providing employment,
157–164
(
see also
Employment
)

      
in religious groups,
38

      
See also
Economic growth
: and poverty reduction;
under
Socialism

Power sector,
95
,
131–132
.
See also
Electricity

Pratham NGO,
73
,
193

Premji, Azim,
54–55

Prices,
53
,
84
,
87
,
125
,
174
,
183

      
consumer price index,
158

      
of gasoline,
203

      
of health services,
188

      
of land,
126
,
127
,
128

subsidized,
151
,
152
,
154
,
165
,
170

Prime Minister's Rural Road Program,
14

Private sector,
8
,
88
,
89
,
97
,
102
,
130
,
138
,
145
,
149
,
154
,
164
,
184
,
186
,
193
,
201–202

Privatization,
130

Productivity,
13
,
16
,
97
,
98
,
99
,
102
,
128
,
140
,
181

agricultural,
145
,
173–174

      
of investments,
205

Public Interest Foundation,
161

Public opinion,
204–205

Public sector,
8
,
53
,
68
,
72
,
127
,
130
,
193

      
providing health services,
181

Public works,
158

Punjab,
50
,
72
,
127
,
144
,
174

QS World University Rankings,
135

Railroads,
51
,
52
,
53
,
86

Raja, A.,
87

Rajasthan,
38
,
161

Ramaswami, Bharat,
171

Rao, P. V. Narasimha,
27
,
28
,
91
,
201
,
204

Rao, Sujatha,
185

Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY),
184

Reddy brothers,
54

Redistribution,
9
,
13
,
16
,
25
,
41–42
,
49–50
,
54
,
68
,
95
,
96
,
121
,
124
,
196

      
cash transfers,
150–151
,
153
,
154
,
160–164
,
173
,
182
,
183
,
203

      
cash vs. in-kind transfers,
150–151
,
171

      
conditional vs. unconditional

      
transfers,
152
,
182
,
183

      
direct transfer vs. wage employment,
150

      
exclusion criteria and exclusion error for,
154–155
,
171
,
172

      
of land,
69

      
universal vs. targeted transfers,
153
,
154–155

      
See also under
Myths

Reforms,
2
,
3–4
,
9–10
,
14
,
25
,
205

      
in agriculture,
144–145
,
174

      
and Bretton Woods institutions/Washington Consensus,
89–91

      
and corruption,
85–89

      
and disadvantaged groups,
36–40

      
in foreign investments,
143
,
201
,
203
,
204

      
and growth since 1991,
29–32
(
see also
Economic growth
: and
reforms
)

      
in health care,
177–188

      
in higher education,
135

      
and inequality,
45–55

      
labor reforms,
101
,
109
,
121–124
,
174

      
market reforms,
109–110

      
of NREGA,
157

      
in power sector,
131–132

      
telecom reforms,
87

      
in trade,
143

      
Track I/II reforms,
95–99
,
124
,
129
,
130
,
143–145
,
149–155
,
173
,
189
,
202
,
206

Regulations,
8
,
24
,
52
,
53
,
85
,
109
,
112
,
114
,
115
,
118
,
120
,
123
,
125
,
203

      
and health services,
188

Religion,
2
,
38
.
See also
Christians
;
Hindus
;
Jews
;
Muslims

Remittances,
50
,
73
,
206

Reserve Bank of India,
203

Retail chains, foreign,
180
,
203
,
204

Rice,
151
,
170–171
,
172
,
174

Rights,
16
,
87
,
121
,
153
,
186
,
190
,
193
,
196
,
207

Right to Education (RTE) Act (2009),
14
,
17
,
189
,
190
,
195–199

Right-to-food bill,
169–172

Ringeltaube, Tobias,
76

RMPs.
See
Health issues
:
rural medical providers

Robinson, Joan,
7

Rockefeller, John D.,
51
,
52
,
54

Rodrik, Dani,
30
,
90

Roosevelt, Franklin,
158

Rupee depreciation,
31

Russia,
91

Sachs, Jeffrey,
91

Sainath (journalist),
81

Sanitation,
16
,
149

Sanyal, Sanjeev,
119

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA),
193

Savings,
205

Scandals,
85–86
,
87
,
203

Scheduled Castes (SC)
and
Scheduled Tribes (ST),
10
,
14
,
35
,
36–40
,
44
,
50
,
159
(table),
159–160
,
191
,
192
(fig. 17.4),
202

      
states with largest population of,
38

Science,
27

Secularism,
1–2

Sen, Amartya,
61
,
69
,
88
,
89

Senegal,
64–65

Sengupta, Debdatta,
83–84

Service sector,
97
,
98
,
99
,
101
,
118
,
143
,
152

Sethupathy, Guru,
47
,
49

SEWA group,
184

Shah, Ajay,
116

Sharma, Anil,
161
,
163

Shastri, Lal Bahadur,
11

Shiva, Vandana,
81

Sibal, Kapil,
139–140

Silicon Valley,
206

Singapore,
102
,
135

Singh, Manmohan,
25
,
101
,
149
,
201
,
203
,
206

Sinha, Jayant,
50

Slums,
51
,
133

“Small But Effective: India's Targeted Unconditional Cash Transfers” (Dutta, Howe, and Murgai),
161

Smart cards,
184

Socialism,
3
,
7–8
,
9
,
11
,
22
,
28
,
86

      
and poverty,
32
,
36

Software,
98
,
104
,
207

South Korea,
19
,
24
,
97
,
98–99
,
102
,
103
,
108
,
111
,
126

Soviet Union,
28
,
91
,
201
,
205

Special Economic Zones,
126

Specialization,
46
,
121
,
140

Sri Lanka,
178–179

Sri Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam,
76

Srivastava Committee Report on Medical Education and Support Manpower,
17

Standard of living,
13
,
21
,
149

Steel,
51
,
53
,
126
,
127

Stiglitz, Joseph,
89

Strikes,
52
,
53
,
54
,
111
,
114
,
123

Subsidies,
130
,
160
,
171
,
172
,
184
,
203

      
cross-subsidy,
197

      
diesel subsidy,
204

      
See also
Prices
:
subsidized

Suicides,
81–85

Sukumaran, Ajay,
127

Sundaram, Asha,
106

Supreme Court,
40
,
41
,
119

Svedberg, Peter,
171–172

Swaminathan, Dr. M. S.,
85
,
174

Swamp disinfecting,
178

Syrian Christians,
75
,
76

Tailors,
116–117
.
See also
Apparel
;
Clothing

Taiwan,
19
,
24
,
97
,
98
,
102
,
103
,
108
,
111
,
135

Tamil Nadu,
70
,
127
,
172
,
179
,
184

      
life expectancy and infant mortality in,
71
(figs.)

Tariffs,
42
,
43
,
44
,
49
,
143
,
173
,
201

Tata, J.R.D.,
7

Tata Nano project (Singur, West Bengal),
126–127

Taxation,
42
,
88
,
126
,
139
,
201

Teachers,
73
,
138
,
139
,
193

      
benefits for,
198

      
salaries of,
194
,
195
,
198

Technology,
27
,
54
,
106
,
122
,
135
,
161
,
205

Telecommunications,
31
,
53
,
54
,
87
,
95
,
98
,
104
,
129
,
201