William Shakespeare: The Complete Works 2nd Edition (176 page)
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Authors: William Shakespeare
Tags: #Drama, #Literary Criticism, #Shakespeare
BOOK: William Shakespeare: The Complete Works 2nd Edition
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Exeunt ⌈
With
the
coffin
⌉
ADDITIONAL PASSAGES
The following passages of four lines or more appear in the 1597 Quarto but not the Folio; Shakespeare probably deleted them as part of his limited revisions to the text.
a. . AFTER 1.3.127And for we think the eagle-winged pride
Of sky-aspiring and ambitious thoughts
With rival-hating envy set on you
To wake our peace, which in our country’s cradle
Draws the sweet infant breath of gentle sleep,
b. AFTER 1.3.235O, had’t been a stranger, not my child,
To smooth his fault I should have been more mild.
A partial slander sought I to avoid,
And in the sentence my own life destroyed.
c. AFTER 1.3.256BOLINGBROKENay, rather every tedious stride I make
Will but remember what a deal of world
I wander from the jewels that I love.
Must I not serve a long apprenticehood
To foreign passages, and in the end,
Having my freedom, boast of nothing else
But that I was a journeyman to grief?JOHN OF GAUNTAll places that the eye of heaven visits
Are to a wise man ports and happy havens.
Teach thy necessity to reason thus:
There is no virtue like necessity.
Think not the King did banish thee,
But thou the King. Woe doth the heavier sit
Where it perceives it is but faintly borne.
Go, say I sent thee forth to purchase honour,
And not the King exiled thee; or suppose
Devouring pestilence hangs in our air
And thou art flying to a fresher clime.
Look what thy soul holds dear, imagine it
To lie that way thou goest, not whence thou com’st.Suppose the singing birds musicians,
The grass whereon thou tread’st the presence strewed,
The flowers fair ladies, and thy steps no more
Than a delightful measure or a dance;
For gnarling sorrow hath less power to bite
The man that mocks at it and sets it light.
d. AFTER 3.2.28The means that heavens yield must be embraced
And not neglected; else heaven would,
And we will not: heaven’s offer we refuse,
The proffered means of succour and redress.
e. AFTER 4.1.50ANOTHER LORDI task the earth to the like, forsworn Aumerle, And spur thee on with full as many lies As may be hollowed in thy treacherous ear From sun to sun. There is my honour’s pawn. Engage it to the trial if thou darest.He throws down his gageAUMERLEWho sets me else? By heaven, I’ll throw at all. I have a thousand spirits in one breast To answer twenty thousand such as you.
ROMEO AND JULIET
ON its first appearance in print, in 1597, Romeo and Juliet was described as ‘An excellent conceited tragedy’ that had ‘been often (with great applause) played publicly’; its popularity is witnessed by the fact that this is a pirated version, put together from actors’ memories as a way of cashing in on its success. A second printing, two years later, offered a greatly superior text apparently printed from Shakespeare’s working papers. Probably he wrote it in 1594 or 1595.
The story was already well known, in Italian, French, and English. Shakespeare owes most to Arthur Brooke’s long poem The
Tragical
History
of Romeus
and Juliet (1562), which had already supplied hints for The Two Gentlemen of Verona; he may also have looked at some of the other versions. In his address ‘To the Reader’, Brooke says that he has seen ‘the same argument lately set forth on stage with more commendation than I can look for’, but no earlier play survives.
Tragical
History
of Romeus
and Juliet (1562), which had already supplied hints for The Two Gentlemen of Verona; he may also have looked at some of the other versions. In his address ‘To the Reader’, Brooke says that he has seen ‘the same argument lately set forth on stage with more commendation than I can look for’, but no earlier play survives.
Shakespeare’s Prologue neatly sketches the plot of the two star-crossed lovers born of feuding families whose deaths ‘bury their parents’ strife’; and the formal verse structure of the Prologue—a sonnet—is matched by the carefully patterned layout of the action. At the climax of the first scene, Prince Escalus stills a brawl between representatives of the houses of Montague (Romeo’s family) and Capulet (Juliet’s); at the end of Act 3, Scene 1, he passes judgement on another, more serious brawl, banishing Romeo for killing Juliet’s cousin Tybalt after Tybalt had killed Romeo’s friend and the Prince’s kinsman, Mercutio; and at the end of Act 5, the Prince presides over the reconciliation of Montagues and Capulets. Within this framework of public life Romeo and Juliet act out their brief tragedy: in the first act, they meet and declare their love—in another sonnet; in the second, they arrange to marry in secret; in the third, after Romeo’s banishment, they consummate their marriage and part; in the fourth, Juliet drinks a sleeping draught prepared by Friar Laurence so that she may escape marriage to Paris and, after waking in the family tomb, run off with Romeo; in the fifth, after Romeo, believing her to be dead, has taken poison, she stabs herself to death.
The play’s structural formality is offset by an astonishing fertility of linguistic invention, showing itself no less in the comic bawdiness of the servants, the Nurse, and (on a more sophisticated level) Mercutio than in the rapt and impassioned poetry of the lovers. Shakespeare’s mastery over a wide range of verbal styles combines with his psychological perceptiveness to create a richer gallery of memorable characters than in any play written up to this time; and his theatrical imagination compresses Brooke’s leisurely narrative into a dramatic masterpiece.
THE PERSONS OF THE PLAYCHORUSROMEO
MONTAGUE, his father
MONTAGUE’S WIFE
BENVOLIO, Montague’s nephew
ABRAHAM, Montague’s servingman
BALTHASAR, Romeo’s manJULIET
CAPULET, her father
CAPULET’S WIFE
TYBALT, her nephew
His page
PETRUCCIO
CAPULET’S COUSIN
Juliet’s NURSEOther SERVINGMEN
MUSICIANS
Escalus, PRINCE of VeronaFRIAR LAURENCE
FRIAR JOHN
An APOTHECARY
CHIEF WATCHMAN
Other CITIZENS OF THE WATCHMasquers, guests, gentlewomen, followers of the Montague and Capulet factions
Prologue
Enter Chorus
Enter Chorus
CHORUS
Two households, both alike in dignity
In fair Verona, where we lay our scene,
From ancient grudge break to new mutiny,
Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean.
From forth the fatal loins of these two foes
A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life,
Whose misadventured piteous overthrows
Doth with their death bury their parents’ strife.
The fearful passage of their death-marked love
And the continuance of their parents’ rage—
Which but their children’s end, naught could remove—
Is now the two-hours’ traffic of our stage;
The which if you with patient ears attend,
What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend.
Exit
1.1In fair Verona, where we lay our scene,
From ancient grudge break to new mutiny,
Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean.
From forth the fatal loins of these two foes
A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life,
Whose misadventured piteous overthrows
Doth with their death bury their parents’ strife.
The fearful passage of their death-marked love
And the continuance of their parents’ rage—
Which but their children’s end, naught could remove—
Is now the two-hours’ traffic of our stage;
The which if you with patient ears attend,
What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend.
Exit
Enter Samson and Gregory, of the house of Capulet, with swords and
bucklers
SAMSON Gregory, on my word, we’ll not carry coals.
GREGORY No, for then we should be colliers.
SAMSON I mean an we be in choler, we’ll draw.
GREGORY Ay, while you live, draw your neck out of collar.
SAMSON I strike quickly, being moved.
GREGORY But thou art not quickly moved to strike.
SAMSON A dog of the house of Montague moves me.
GREGORY To move is to stir, and to be valiant is to stand, therefore if thou art moved, thou runn’st away.
SAMSON A dog of that house shall move me to stand. I will take the wall of any man or maid of Montague’s.
GREGORY That shows thee a weak slave, for the weakest goes to the wall.
SAMSON ’Tis true, and therefore women, being the weaker vessels, are ever thrust to the wall; therefore I will push Montague’s men from the wall, and thrust his maids to the wall.
GREGORY The quarrel is between our masters and us their men.
SAMSON ’Tis all one. I will show myself a tyrant: when I have fought with the men I will be civil with the maids—I will cut off their heads.
GREGORY The heads of the maids?
SAMSON Ay, the heads of the maids, or their maidenheads, take it in what sense thou wilt.
GREGORY They must take it in sense that feel it.
SAMSON Me they shall feel while I am able to stand, and ’tis known I am a pretty piece of flesh.
GREGORY ’Tis well thou art not fish. If thou hadst, thou hadst been poor-john.
Enter Abraham and another servingman of the
Montagues
Draw thy tool. Here comes of the house of Montagues.
SAMSON My naked weapon is out. Quarrel, I will back thee.
GREGORY How—turn thy back and run?
SAMSON Fear me not.
GREGORY No, marry—I fear thee!
SAMSON Let us take the law of our side. Let them begin.
GREGORY I will frown as I pass by, and let them take it as they list.
SAMSON Nay, as they dare. I will bite my thumb at them, which is disgrace to them if they bear it. He bites his thumb
ABRAHAM Do you bite your thumb at us, sir?
SAMSON I do bite my thumb, sir.
ABRAHAM Do you bite your thumb at us, sir?
SAMSON (to Gregory) Is the law of our side if I say ’Ay’ ?
GREGORY No.
SAMSON (to Abraham) No, sir, I do not bite my thumb at you, sir, but I bite my thumb, sir.
GREGORY (to
Abraham
) Do you quarrel, sir?
Abraham
) Do you quarrel, sir?
ABRAHAM Quarrel, sir? No, sir.
SAMSON But if you do, sir, I am for you. I serve as good a man as you.
ABRAHAM No better.
SAMSON Well, sir.
Enter
Benvolio
GREGORY Say ‘better’. Here comes one of my master’s kinsmen.
SAMSON (to Abraham) Yes, better, sir.
ABRAHAM You lie.
SAMSON Draw, if you be men. Gregory, remember thy washing blow.
They draw and fight
BENVOLIO (drawing) Part, fools. Put up your swords. You know not what you do.
Enter Tybalt
TYBALT (drawing) What, art thou drawn among these heartless hinds? Turn thee, Benvolio. Look upon thy death.
BENVOLIO
I do but keep the peace. Put up thy sword,
Or manage it to part these men with me.
Or manage it to part these men with me.
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