You Could Look It Up (74 page)

5.
  Burke,
Social History of Knowledge
, p. 110. See also Landau,
Dictionaries
, p. 107.

CHAPTER 4
: ROUND EARTH’S IMAGINED CORNERS

1.
  Harwood,
To the Ends of the Earth
, pp. 11–12.

2.
  Harley, “Map,” 1:1.

3.
  Ptolemy,
Geography
, p. xi.

4.
  See Dilke, “Culmination,” 1:180.

5.
  Ptolemy,
Ptolemy’s Geography
, p. 63.

6.
  Dilke, “Culmination,” 1:183.

7.
  Dilke, “Culmination,” 1:177.

8.
  Roffe,
Domesday
, p. 1.

9.
  Williams,
The English and the Norman Conquest
, p. 198.

CHAPTER 4
½: THE INVENTION OF THE CODEX

1.
  Suarez and Woudhuysen,
Oxford Companion to the Book
, s.v.
codex
.

2.
  See Kallendorf, “Ancient Book,” p. 49.

CHAPTER 5
: THE CIRCLE OF THE SCIENCES

1.
  See Doody, “Pliny’s Natural History,” pp. 11–12.

2.
  Jackson, “Towards a History,” pp. 342–43.

3.
  See
New International Encyclopædia
, s.v.
encyclopædia
; Collison,
Encyclopaedias
, pp. 21–22; and Collison and Preece, “Encyclopedia.”

4.
  Stockwell,
History of Information Storage and Retrieval
, p. 17.

5.
  Jackson, “Towards a History,” p. 344.

6.
  Jackson, “Towards a History,” pp. 345–46.

7.
  See Isidore,
Etymologies
, p. 11, and Collison,
Encyclopaedias
, pp. 23–24.

8.
  Stockwell,
History of Information Storage and Retrieval
, p. 17.

9.
  Witty, “Reference Books of Antiquity,” p. 111.

10.
  Stockwell,
History of Information Storage and Retrieval
, p. 34.

11.
  See O’Donnell,
Cassiodorus
, chapter 9.

12.
  Stockwell,
History of Information Storage and Retrieval
, p. 38.

13.
  Cassiodorus,
Institutiones
, 30.2.

14.
  Cassiodorus,
Institutiones
, I.ii.3;
Introduction
, p. 142.

15.
  See Collison,
Encyclopaedias
, pp. 28–29.

16.
  Witty, “Medieval Encyclopedias,” p. 275.

17.
  Isidore,
Etymologies
, I.i.1–3 (p. 39).

18.
  Isidore,
Etymologies
, I.xxix.2 (p. 55);
IV
.ii (p. 109).

19.
  Isidore,
Etymologies
,
XII
.viii.1 (p. 269).

20.
  Isidore,
Etymologies
,
XVIII
.i.2 (p. 359);
VI
.viii.1–2 (pp. 139–40).

21.
  Isidore,
Etymologies
,
IX
.vi.23 (p. 209).

22.
  Isidore,
Etymologies
, pp. 10–11, 14, 15, 24. See also Witty, “Medieval Encyclopedias,” pp. 275–77, and Stockwell,
History of Information Storage and Retrieval
, p. 39.

CHAPTER 5
½: THE DICTIONARY GETS ITS DAY IN COURT

1.
  
Hinckley v. U.S.
, 163 F.3d 647, C.A.D.C., 1999.

2.
  Liptak, “Dictionary Citations.”

3.
  
Bullock v. BankChampaign, N.A.
, 133 S.Ct. 1754.

4.
  Liptak, “Dictionary Citations.”

5.
  Weissenberger and Duane,
Federal Rules of Evidence
, §803.72.

6.
  Stray,
Classical Dictionaries
, p. 94; Rosen, “Disoriented”; Clark, “Platonic Love in a Colorado Courtroom,” esp. p. 10.

7.
  
U.S. v. Donaghe
, 37 F.3d 477, C.A.9 (Wash.), 1994.

8.
  Phillipps and Amos,
Treatise
, 8th ed., 2:580.

CHAPTER 6
: LEECHCRAFT

1.
  Cameron,
Anglo-Saxon Medicine
, p. 25.

2.
  Cameron,
Anglo-Saxon Medicine
, pp. 30, 21, 35.

3.
  Cameron,
Anglo-Saxon Medicine
, p. 42.

4.
  Meaney, “Variant Versions,” p. 251.

5.
  Cameron,
Anglo-Saxon Medicine
, p. 21.

6.
  Smith, “He Boosted Modern Medicine.”

7.
  Iqbal, “Avicenna.”

8.
  Khan,
Avicenna
, p. 65.

9.
  Goodman,
Avicenna
, p. 33.

10.
  Colgan,
Advice to the Healer
, p. 37.

11.
  Goodman,
Avicenna
, p. 35.

12.
  Cited in Goodman,
Avicenna
, p. 35.

13.
  Goodman,
Avicenna
, p. 35.

14.
  Cohen, “London Letter.”

CHAPTER 6
½: PLAGIARISM

1.
  Landau,
Dictionaries
, p. 35.

2.
  Blount,
World of Errors
, sig. A2
r
.

3.
  Sánchez, “Evolution of the Spanish Dictionary,” p. 134.

4.
  James,
Proposals for Printing a Medicinal Dictionary
.

5.
  Landau,
Dictionaries
, p. 35.

CHAPTER 7
: NEW WORLDS

1.
  Cosmas,
Aigyptiou Monachou Christianike
Topographia
, pp. xvi–xvii, xix–xx.

2.
  Harwood,
To the Ends of the Earth
, pp. 93–94.

3.
  Harwood,
To the Ends of the Earth
, p. 84.

4.
  Braudel,
Civilization and Capitalism
, 3:143.

5.
  Harwood,
To the Ends of the Earth
, p. 81.

6.
  Koeman,
History of Abraham Ortelius
, p. 36.

7.
  
http://wwws.phil.uni-passau.de/histhw/tutcarto/english/4-6-eng.html
.

8.
  See Harwood,
To the Ends of the Earth
, p. 81.

9.
  Harwood,
To the Ends of the Earth
, p. 81.

10.
  Adams,
Hitchhiker’s Guide
, p. 62.

11.
  Cannon, “Classifying,” p. 165.

12.
  See Buchwald and Feingold,
Newton and the Origin of Civilization
, pp. 261–62.

13.
  See Kanas,
Star Maps
, p. 155.

14.
  Alpha Centauri is not a single star but a binary system, with a third star, Proxima Centauri, invisible to the naked eye. None of this was known in Bayer’s day.

15.
  Kanas,
Star Maps
, p. 156.

16.
  Katz,
Cuneiform to Computer
, p. 234.

17.
  See, for instance, Harwood,
To the Ends of the Earth
, p. 93.

18.
  Chang, “How Many Stars?”

CHAPTER 7
½: TELL ME HOW YOU ORGANIZE YOUR BOOKS

1.
  See Kroeger,
Guides
, p. 3, and Singer,
Fundamentals
, p. 156.

2.
  Pidgeon, “Rapturous Research.”

3.
  Boyd,
Vladimir Nabokov: The American Years
, p. 376.

4.
  Stavans,
Dictionary Days
, pp. 16, 19.

5.
  Shea, “Humanist,” p. 20.

CHAPTER 8
: ADMIRABLE ARTIFICE

1.
  Briggs,
Arithmetica logarithmica
, sig.
2
B1
r
.

2.
  Campbell-Kelly et al.,
History of Mathematical Tables
, p. 3.

3.
  Thompson,
Logarithmetica Britannica
, 1:xiii.

4.
  I use modern terminology and base-10 logarithms, even though Napier and Briggs used different terms and unconventional bases; the principles are the same. See Carslaw, “Discovery,” p. 77, and Roegel, “Reconstruction.”

5.
  See Maor,
e: The Story of a Number
, p. 6.

6.
  Oliver, “Birth of Logarithms,” p. 9.

7.
  Maor,
e: The Story of a Number
, p. 4.

8.
  Oliver, “Birth of Logarithms,” p. 9.

9.
  Maor,
e: The Story of a Number
, p. 3.

10.
  Campbell-Kelly et al.,
History of Mathematical Tables
, p. 52.

11.
  Jagger, “Making of Logarithm Tables,” p. 56.

12.
  Jagger, “Making of Logarithm Tables,” p. 58.

13.
  Quoted in Bryant,
History of Astronomy
, p. 44.

14.
  Maor,
e: The Story of a Number
, pp. 14–16.

15.
  Campbell-Kelly et al.,
History of Mathematical Tables
, p. 6.

16.
  Cited in van Berkel and Vanderjagt,
Book of Nature
, p. 24.

17.
  “Le Baron de Prony,”
Gentleman’s Magazine
166 (1839): 312–13.

18.
  Grier, “Table Making,” p. 273.

CHAPTER 8
½: TO BRING PEOPLE TOGETHER

1.
  Adams, “Dictionary Society,” is my source for most of the information here.

CHAPTER 9
: THE INFIRMITY OF HUMAN NATURE

1.
  Anderson,
Imagined Communities
, p. 40.

2.
  Milton,
Of True Religion
, p. 3.

3.
  See Barbour,
Sir Thomas Browne
, pp. 296–309.

4.
  Browne,
Pseudodoxia Epidemica
, pp. 1, 4, 36, a4
r
, 17.

5.
  Browne,
Pseudodoxia Epidemica
, 4th ed., p. 327.

6.
  Browne,
Pseudodoxia Epidemica
, pp. 104, 157, 112.

7.
  Browne,
Pseudodoxia Epidemica
, p. 342.

8.
  Browne,
Pseudodoxia Epidemica
, p. 181.

9.
  Browne,
Pseudodoxia Epidemica
, 4th ed., p. 327.

10.
  Browne,
Pseudodoxia Epidemica
, p. 20.

CHAPTER 9
½: IGNORANCE, PURE IGNORANCE

1.
  Carranco, “Let’s Stop Worshipping the Dictionary,” p. 72.

2.
  Apperson, “Blunders.”

3.
  Chambers,
Cyclopædia
, 1:xxviii.

4.
  Johnson,
Works
, 18:73.

5.
  Boswell,
Life
, 1:293.

6.
  Shea,
Reading the OED
, pp. 139–40.

7.
  Jacobs,
Know It All
, p. 127.

8.
  Baker, “Charms of Wikipedia.”

9.
  Giles, “Internet Encyclopaedias,” p. 900.

CHAPTER 10
: GUARDING THE AVENUES OF LANGUAGE

1.
  See Sánchez, “Evolution of the Spanish Dictionary,” pp. 132, 134.

2.
  See Considine,
Academy Dictionaries
, pp. 110–19.

3.
  Hartmann,
History of Lexicography
, p. 13.

4.
  For the best scholarly overview, see Considine,
Academy Dictionaries
, chapters 3–4.

5.
  Edwards,
Chapters
, p. 13.

6.
  Rickard,
French Language
, p. 31.

7.
  Collison,
History of Foreign-Language Dictionaries
, p. 89.

8.
  Rickard,
French Language
, p. 31.

9.
  Considine,
Academy Dictionaries
, p. 51.