1775 (114 page)

Proclamation Line, 97, 118, 124, 167, 168, 216

Progressive historians, 104, 107, 125, 151, 205

Prohibitory Act (Capture Act; 1775), 229, 265, 266, 398, 432, 440, 544

Protestants, Protestantism, 71, 196, 214–15, 381

see also
specific denominations

Providence Gazette,
348

Puerto Rico, 513

Putnam, Israel, 11, 245, 246, 497

Pyrenees, Treaty of the (1659), 509

Quakers, 4, 22, 39, 69, 71, 74, 80, 86, 124, 173, 184, 216, 221, 239, 240, 336, 377, 381, 422

antimilitarism of, 150, 157, 177

Indian policy of, 181

Inner Light, 184, 188

as Loyalists, 125–26, 196

resentment of, 150, 177

Quartering Act, 9, 217

Quebec Act (1774), 8
n,
9, 85, 88–90, 97, 217, 265, 274,
275,
276, 278–79, 284, 285–86, 463

Quebec City, 19, 287, 293, 351, 463, 473

American attack on, 272, 466, 467, 468–71, 474–75, 491

British capture of, 280

British munitions in, 309

British reinforcement of, 469–70

Quebec (province), 22, 63, 90, 274,
275,
278, 284, 319

American invasion of,
see
Canada, American invasion of

Catholics in, 43, 84, 88, 89, 273, 274, 278, 279, 285

expanded southern boundary of,
see
Quebec Act

French Civil Code in, 88, 97

Quero,
13, 504

Quincy, Josiah, 326, 451, 499

Raddall, Thomas H., 278, 286, 289–90

rage militaire,
see
American colonists, war mentality of

Ramsey, David, 109, 182

Rappahannock River, 499

Rebels Under Sail
(Fowler), 492

Redemptioners, 191

Reform Act (1832), 393

Reformation, 218, 219

Reformed Church, 70, 72, 74, 79–80, 83, 94, 202, 213, 216, 221, 417, 418, 563
n

Regulator movement, 102, 167, 168, 172, 177–78, 188, 333, 334, 336, 418, 426, 428, 526–27

religion:

ethnicity and, 69–74, 213, 419, 554
n

geography of, 77–78

and middle-colony loyalties, 73, 554
n

revolutionary spirit and, 67, 77–80

in southern backcountry, 172–74, 184–94

Reminiscences
(Boucher), 420

Resolves of Suffolk, 28

Restraining Acts (1775), 17, 41, 232, 233, 239, 240, 255, 259, 265, 266, 284, 317, 319, 320, 324, 332, 350–51, 544, 545

Revenue Act (1762), 115

Revenue Act (1764), 112

Revere, Paul, 6, 12, 32, 39, 138, 226, 453, 455, 457, 460

Revolutionary People at War, A
(Royster), 29

Revolution Is Now Begun, The
(Ryerson), 148–49

Rhode Island, 7, 20, 42, 51, 77, 95, 119, 120, 144, 184, 236, 324, 326, 352

Anglicans in, 240

Assembly of, 254, 444

Association enforcement in, 261

British ships attacked in, 345–46

charter of, 89, 211, 551
n
–52
n

Loyalists in, 240

Massachusetts militia aided by, 16, 231

militia of, 238

navy of, 346, 495–96, 499, 500–501

Patriot dominance of, 235

Quakers in, 240

rice, rice planters, 113, 114, 123, 129, 256, 262, 263, 264

British restrictions on export of, 111

Continental Association ban on export of, 254, 262–65

Richard I, King of England, 136

Richardson, Richard, 157, 425, 426

Richelieu River, 238, 273, 285, 300, 495

Ridgely, Charles, 368–69

rights of Englishmen, 204, 209–10, 216, 218

Rights of the Sailors, Vindicated, The,
142

Robinson, John, 498–99

Robson, Eric, 331, 340, 341, 522

Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste, 370, 515

Rochford, Lord, 228, 519

Rockingham, Lord, 265, 317, 380

Roderigue Hortalez et Cie, 303, 313

Rodney, Caesar, 24, 411

Roebuck,
HMS, 403, 406, 408, 433, 488, 489, 500, 504

Rose,
HMS, 230, 346, 347, 352, 353, 501

Rosswurm, Steven, 132, 149

Rough Crossings
(Schama), 357

Royal Ethiopian Regiment, 332, 373, 400, 484, 486

Royal Highland Emigrants, 469, 526

Royal Navy, 33, 233, 236, 238, 239, 301, 398, 497, 527, 529, 541

American blockade of, 30, 265, 271, 323–24, 329–30, 398, 491, 505, 540, 542, 545

American transport vessels captured by, 319–20, 325

customs enforcement by, 95–96, 114–15, 116, 131, 143, 268, 277, 283, 317, 503, 518

in first southern expedition, 529, 532–36

French-Spanish naval threat and, 515

impressment by, 122, 142–43, 203, 283, 317, 321, 390, 503

mutinies and desertions in, 142

New England as first target of, 15–16, 17, 239, 503, 545

ships of, captured by Americans, 325, 327

shortage of small ships in, 315, 319, 320, 322–23, 403

in siege of Boston, 449, 450

Royal Navy in American Waters, The
(Syrett), 447

Royal Proclamation of 1763, 97

Rules for the Regulation of the Navy of the United Colonies
(Adams), 328

rum, 112, 118–19, 122, 127

Runaway America
(Waldstreicher), 366

Russia:

Pacific coast expeditions of, 510–11

Proclamation of Armed Neutrality issued by, 520

Ryerson, Richard, 148–49

Saavedra, Francisco de, 515

sailors, 318

Loyalists among, 123

as predominantly urban, 135–36

radicalism of, 136–44

St. Augustine, Fla., 106, 495

St. Croix, 33

Saint-Domingue, 33, 115, 299, 307

St. Eustatius, 33, 299, 305, 306, 311, 312, 328, 398, 403, 504

St. Francis Abenaki Indians, 180, 292, 469

St. George’s Island, 490

St. John, Fort, 300, 473

Arnold’s raid on, 461, 470, 471, 472, 492, 493

Montgomery’s attack on, 463, 466–68

St. John,
HMS, 95–96, 345, 495

St. John’s (now Prince Edward Island), American naval attacks on, 17

St. Joseph, Fort, 514

St. Kitts, 119, 312

St. Lawrence, Gulf of, 273, 276

St. Lawrence River, 285, 293, 468, 469

St. Lawrence Valley, political discontent in, 286

St. Mark, Fort, 34

St. Vincent, 358

Salem, Mass., 10, 13, 316, 317, 351

Salisbury Iron Furnace, 247–48

saltpeter, 310, 312

Saluda River, 423, 424

Sam Adams: Pioneer in Propaganda
(Miller), 452

Sandwich, John Montagu, Earl of, 316, 318–19, 322, 323, 339, 340, 341, 345, 395, 507, 518, 520

Sandy Creek Association, 177, 178, 188, 526

Santo Domingo, 299

Saratoga, Battle of, 34, 180, 370, 462, 465, 474, 506, 524

Savannah, Ga., 309, 495, 526, 534

Savannah River, 495, 531

Scarborough,
HMS, 19, 347, 497, 501, 541

Schlesinger, Arthur M., Sr., 125, 271

schooners, 501–2

Schuyler, Philip, 42, 245, 285, 291, 292, 294, 309, 361, 362, 370, 463, 464–65, 473–74, 475

Schuylkill River, 140

Scorpion,
HMS, 374, 498, 535

Scotch-Irish colonists, 29, 39, 67–68, 69, 72–73, 78–79, 90, 93, 126, 127, 128, 158, 167, 173, 188, 191, 193, 196, 202, 213, 221, 255, 262, 336, 362, 383, 397–98, 419, 424

Scotland, 68, 382, 384

Scots:

in British army, 68, 383, 385

as leaders in British Empire, 220–21, 382

Scottish Brigade, 388, 507

Scottish Highlander colonists, 18, 69–70, 72–73, 127–28, 157, 177, 180, 196, 221, 333–34, 336, 339, 340, 387, 408, 418, 420, 421, 426–27, 428, 522, 525, 526–27

Scovilites, 178, 182

seaport mobs, 137–40, 141

Sears, Isaac, 42, 137, 138

Second Regiment, Virginia, 484, 486, 487

Secret War of Independence, The
(Augur), 295, 305–6

Seneca Indians, 294, 361

Separate Baptists, 174, 178, 184, 185, 186–87, 188–90, 424, 526, 563
n,
564
n

1775, as “long” year, 25–26

Seven Years War,
see
French and Indian War

Shakers, 173

Shakespeare, William, 208, 209

Shawnee Indians, 62, 124, 155, 156, 179, 203, 358, 362, 364

Dunmore’s war with, 62, 124, 155, 156, 203, 362–63, 407, 478, 576
n

Shelburne, Earl of, 307, 385, 519

Shenandoah Valley, 62, 70, 172, 193

Sherman, Roger, 245, 441

shipbuilding industry, 268, 318

Shipping and the American War, 1775–1783
(Syrett), 314, 322, 340–41

Shirley, William, 54, 142, 204, 283

Shuldham, Molyneux, 339, 355, 501

Shy, John, 14, 161, 162, 444

Simms, Brendan, 506, 519

Sixth of Anne statute (1708), 142

slavery, 357–58

and fear of uprisings, 359, 372–73, 479

Indians and, 375–76

semantics of, 375–77

slave trade, 307, 312

Smith, Abbot E., 191–92

Smith, Adam, 206, 265

smugglers, smuggling, 12, 122, 321

of arms and munitions, 30, 33, 34, 52, 120, 277, 299–300, 314, 326, 542

in Great Britain, 267

of molasses, 95–96, 116, 119, 197

as Patriots, 120, 121

Royal Navy and, 114–15, 116

of tobacco, 397

Snow Campaign (1775), 183,
416,
426, 428

Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (SPG), 81, 82, 554
n

Somerset,
HMS, 230, 359, 371, 498, 499, 502

Sons of the American Revolution, 516

Sons of Liberty, 13, 20, 137, 138, 145, 147, 178, 464

Sons of Neptune, 138, 144

South:

anger at British plans for black and Indian uprisings in, 370, 371

Anglicanism in, 74, 184–85

see also
vestry Anglicanism

arms buildup in, 309

Association enforcement in, 261–62

backcountry of,
see
backcountry, southern

British forts and munitions seized in, 18

British overconfidence about, 334, 336

“constitutions” of, 211–12

debt protests in, 106–14

extralegal committees in, 212, 373

fear of slave uprisings in, 359, 372–73, 479

first British expedition to (1775–1776), 331–42, 406–7, 482, 522–38, 544, 574
n

high-church Anglicans in, 82

Loyalists in, 128, 181–82, 183, 331–32, 338, 523

Patriot dominance in, 78, 181, 211–12

religious disestablishment in, 186

royal governors’ flight from, 18–19, 212, 541

second British expedition to, 514, 524, 538

slave uprising in, 372–73

war mentality in, 28–29

South Carolina, 20, 37, 44, 70, 78, 81, 100, 161, 183, 331, 364, 537, 540

aggressive mindset of, 60–61

arms procurement in, 28, 49, 65, 231, 232, 309, 494–95

Association enforcement in, 262

backcountry of, 175, 178, 185, 188, 190, 333,
416,
419, 420, 422, 423, 564
n

Cherokee War in, 168, 181–82, 183, 426

Civil War and, 48

civil war in, 178, 179, 186, 187, 189, 198, 415,
416,
417, 423–26, 524

Committee of Safety in, 49, 182, 325, 349–50, 423–34, 494, 531, 532, 534, 535

Commons House of Assembly in, 28, 44, 45, 48–49, 64–65, 156, 178

confrontations between legislature and governor in, 45–46, 48–49, 65

Continental Association adopted in, 257

currency issues in, 101, 105–6

expansionism in, 54–55, 63

fear of slave uprisings in, 372–73, 479

in French and Indian War, 64–65

General Committee of, 139

governor’s flight from, 4, 18–19, 332, 531

immigration to, 167, 172–73, 422

Indian Boundary in, 168, 182

Indian threat in, 181–82, 364, 425

indigo growing in, 129, 263, 264

Loyalists in, 121, 128, 182, 333, 418, 420

militias of, 28, 155, 156, 419, 423

navy of, 495–96, 531, 536

Patriot dominance in, 23, 82, 129, 181, 182

political and cultural influence of, 55, 66

Provincial Congress, 33, 49, 65, 253, 262, 309, 425, 439, 532

regiments of, 531, 532

Regulator movement in, 168, 172, 178

religious identity and political affiliation in, 81–82, 185, 186–87, 422

rice growing in, 129, 263, 264

runaway slaves in, 374

Secret Committee of, 33, 49, 65, 495

Separate Baptists in, 174, 563
n,
564
n

Spanish Florida and, 63–64

territorial claims of, 55,
56

vestry Anglicanism in, 81–82, 553
n

war mentality in, 28

South Carolina
(frigate), 537

Southern Indian Department, American, 362, 364

Southern Strategy, The
(Wilson), 331

Spain, 63, 507, 513–14

American arms procurement aided by, 297, 299, 508, 513

American colonies of, 508, 509, 510, 511–12, 513

American Revolution and, 323, 380, 508, 511–17, 520

British conflicts with, 509–10, 512

war on Britain declared by, 323, 380, 506, 508, 514, 517, 520, 525, 537

Spanish Armada, 504

specie, 98, 104, 105

Speedwell,
HMS, 305, 501

Spirit of ’Seventy-
six, The
(Commager and Morris), 3

Spitfire,
HMS, 350, 351, 352, 500–501

Sprowle, Andrew, 408, 483

Squire, Matthew, 402, 405, 483, 484

Stamp Act (1765), 28, 45, 84, 95, 100, 104, 110, 114, 115, 117, 118, 139, 145, 216, 266, 277, 574
n

boycotts as response to, 250–51

Statement of Rights and Grievances (1774), 104

Staten Island, N.Y., 437–38

Stearns, Shubal, 174, 188

Stiles, Ezra, 84–85, 202, 346, 496, 502

Stockbridge, Mass., Indian militia of, 360–61

Struggle for American Independence, The
(Fisher), 28

Stuart, Charles Edward, 181, 334, 480, 527