A Patriot's History of the United States: From Columbus's Great Discovery to the War on Terror (172 page)

17. Broadus Mitchell,
Alexander Hamilton: A Concise Biography
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1976); Forrest McDonald,
Alexander Hamilton: A Biography
(New York: Norton, 1979).

18. Cecilia Kenyon, “Alexander Hamilton: Rousseau of the Right,”
Political Science Quarterly
, 73, June 1958, 161–78.

19. Joyce Appleby,
Capitalism and a New Social Order: The Republican Vision of the 1790s
(New York: New York University Press, 1984); Richard Buel Jr.,
Securing the Revolution: Ideology in American Politics
(Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1974); Lance Banning,
The Jeffersonian Persuasion: Evolution of a Party Ideology
(Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1978); Semour Lipset,
The First New Nation: The United States in Historical and Comparative Perspective
(Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1967 [1963]).

20. Charles Calomiris, “Alexander Hamilton,” in Larry Schweikart, ed.,
The Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: Banking and Finance to 1913
(New York: Facts on File, 1990), 239–48.

21. Johnson,
A History of the American People
(New York: HarperCollins, 1997), 212; W. G. Anderson,
The Price of Liberty: The Public Debt of the Revolution
(Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1983).

22. Schweikart,
The Entrepreneurial Adventure
, 60–64.

23. Kenyon, “Alexander Hamilton,” reprinted in Sidney Fine and Gerald S. Brown,
The American Past: Conflicting Interpretations of the Great Issues
(New York: Macmillan, 1965), 251–65 (quotation on 257).

24. John Steele Gordon,
Hamilton’s Blessing: The Extraordinary Life and Times of Our National Debt
(New York: Penguin, 1998).

25. Herbert Sloan, “The Earth Belongs in Usufruct to the Living,” in Peter S. Onuf, ed.,
Jeffersonian Legacies
(Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1993), 281–315.

26. Naomi Lamoreaux,
Insider Lending: Banks, Personal Connections, and Economic Development in Industrial New England
(Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 1994); Larry Schwiekart,
Banking in the American South from the Age of Jackson to Reconstruction
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1987); Lynne Pierson Doti and Larry Schweikart,
Banking in the American West from the Gold Rush to Deregulation
(Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991).

27. See Gerald Stourzh,
Alexander Hamilton and the Idea of Republican Government
(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1970).

28. Curtis P. Nettles,
The Emergence of a National Economy, 1775–1815
(New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1962).

29. Johnson,
History of the American People
, 212.

30. Alexander Hamilton, “Report on Manufactures,” in George Billias, ed.,
The Federalists: Realists or Ideologues?
(Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath, 1970), 25.

31. Ellis,
Founding Brothers
, 74.

32. Thomas P. Slaughter,
The Whiskey Rebellion: Frontier Epilogue to the American Revolution
(New York: Oxford, 1986).

33. John Dos Passos,
The Men Who Made the Nation
(New York: Doubleday, 1957), 186.

34. Leland D. Baldwin,
Whiskey Rebels: The Story of a Frontier Uprising
(Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1939).

35.
Annals of Congress
, May 1796, 92. Also see 1308–22.

36. Richard H. Kohn,
Eagle and Sword: The Federalists and the Creation of the Military Establishment in America
(New York: Free Press, 1975).

37. William Fowler,
Jack Tars and Commodores: The American Navy
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1984).

38. Lewis Condict, “Journal of a Trip to Kentucky in 1795,” New Jersey Historical Society Proceedings, new series, 4, 1919, 114.

39. Richard C. Knopf, ed.,
Anthony Wayne, A Name in Arms: Soldier, Diplomat, Defender of Expansion Westward of a Nation
(Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1959).

40. Reginald Horsman,
The Frontier in the Formative Years, 1783–1815
(New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970).

41. Alexander De Conde,
Entangling Alliance: Politics and Diplomacy Under George Washington
(Durham: Duke University Press, 1958).

42. Page Smith,
John Adams
, vol. II, 1784–1826 (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1962), 831.

43. Louis M. Sears,
George Washington and the French Revolution
(Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1960).

44. Alexander DeConde,
The Quasi-War: The Politics and Diplomacy of the Undeclared War with France, 1797–1801
(New York: Scribner, 1966).

45. Melvin I. Urofsky,
March of Liberty: A Constitutional History of the United States
, 2 vols. (New York: Knopf, 1988), I:125.

46. Smith,
John Adams
, 833.

47. Ibid., 909.

48. Ibid., 909.

49. Ibid., 833.

50. Ibid., 841.

51. Greville Bathe,
Citizen Genet, Diplomat and Inventor
(Philadelphia: Press of Allen, Lane and Scott, 1946); Gilbert Chinard,
George Washington as the French Knew Him
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1940).

52. Jerald A. Combs,
The Jay Treaty: Political Battleground for the Founding Fathers
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970).

53. Jordan, et al.,
United States
, 7, 162.

54. Miller,
Federalist Era
, 168.

55. Ibid., 168.

56. John F. Hoadley,
Origins of American Political Parties, 1789–1803
(Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky Press, 1986).

57. John Lauritz Larson, “Jefferson’s Union and the Problem of Internal Improvements,” in Onuf,
Jeffersonian Legacies
, 340–69, quotation on 342.

58. Smith,
John Adams
, 842.

59. Paul Goodman, “The First American Party System,” in William N. Chambers and Walter Dean Burnham, eds.,
The American Party System: Stages of Political Development
(Cambridge: Oxford University Press, 1967), 56–89.

60. Miller,
Federalist Era
, 198 note.

61. Smith,
John Adams
, 846.

62. Ellis,
Founding Brothers
, 135.

63. Ibid.

64. Victor Hugo Paltsits,
Washington’s Farewell Address
(New York: New York Public Library, 1935); Edmund S. Morgan,
The Genius of George Washington
(New York: Norton, 1981).

65. Morton Borden,
Parties and Politics in the Early Republic, 1789–1815
(Arlington Heights, IL: AHM Publishing Corporation, 1967), 8.

66. Ibid., 9.

67. Ellis,
Founding Brothers
, 190.

68. Ibid.

69. William C. Stinchcombe,
The XYZ Affair
(Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1980).

70. Theodore Roscoe and Fred Freeman,
Picture History of the U. S. Navy
(New York: Bonanza Books, 1956), 125 (fig. 257); Russell Weigley,
The American Way of War: A History of United States Military Strategy and Policy
(New York: Macmillan, 1973), 42–45.

71. Tindall and Shi,
America: A Narrative History
, 5th ed., 2 vols. (New York: W. W. Norton, 1999), 1:362.

72. Bailyn, et al.,
The Great Republic
, 48.

73. Stephen G. Kurtz,
The Presidency of John Adams: The Collapse of Federalism, 1795–1800
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1957); Roger Sharp,
American Politics in the Early Republic: The New Nation in Crisis
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993).

74. Johnson,
History of the American People
, 234; James Sterling Young,
The Washington Community, 1800–1828
(New York: Harcourt Brace & World, 1966).

75. Smith,
John Adams
, 846.

76. Manning Dauer,
The Adams Federalists
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1968).

77. Urofsky,
March of Liberty
, 177.

78. William A. Gouge,
A Short History of Paper Money and Banking in the United States
(New York: Greenwood Press, 1968 [1833]); John Taylor,
An Inquiry into the Principles and Policy of the United States
(Fredericksburg: Green & Cady, 1814).

79. Shane White,
Somewhat More Independent: The End of Slavery in New York, 1770–1810
(Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1991), 26.

80. James E. Davis,
Frontier America, 1800–1840: A Comparative Demographic Analysis of the Settlement Process
(Glendale, California: A. H. Clark, 1977).

81. Constance McLaughlin Green,
Eli Whitney and the Birth of American Technology
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1956).

82. Alfred Conrad and John Meyer, “The Economics of Slavery in the Antebellum South,”
Journal of Political Economy
, April 1958, 95–130.

83. Grady McWhiney,
Cracker Culture: Celtic Ways in the Old South
(Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1988); Terry G. Jordan and Matti Kaups,
The American Backwoods Frontier: An Ethnic and Ecological Interpretation
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989).

84. George Dangerfield,
The Era of Good Feelings
(New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1952), 120.

85. In addition to the sources listed in note 16, see Fawn M. Brodie,
Thomas Jefferson: An Intimate History
(New York: Norton, 1974); Peter S. Onum and Jan E. Lewis, eds.,
Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson: History, Memory, and Civil Culture
(Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1999); Joseph J. Ellis,
American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson
(New York: Knopf, 1997); Dumas Malone and Steven Hochman, “A Note on Evidence: The Personal History of Madison Hemings,”
Journal of Southern History
, 61, November 1975, 523–28; Joseph J. Ellis, “Jefferson Post-DNA,”
William & Mary Quarterly
, 126, January 2000, 125–38; material from the Monticello commission, available online at http://www.mindspring.com/~tjshcommission.

86. Malcolm J. Rohrbough,
The Land Office Business: The Settlement and Administration of American Public Land, 1789–1837
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1968).

87. Joseph H. Harrison Jr., “
Sic et non:
Thomas Jefferson and Internal Improvement,”
Journal of the Early Republic
, 7, 1987, 335–49.

88. Larson, “Jefferson’s Union,” passim.

89. Ibid., 361.

90. Ibid.

91. Calhoun quoted in the
Annals of Congress
, 14th Congress, 2nd session, February 4, 1817; John Lauritz Larson, “Bind the Republic Together: The National Union and the Struggle for a System of Internal Improvements,”
Journal of American History
, 74, 1987, 363–87.